معاویہ بن ابو سفیان (Urdu Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "معاویہ بن ابو سفیان" in Urdu language version.

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Urdu: 4^th place)

Wellhausen 1927, pp. 22–23 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 20–21 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 55, 132 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 55–56, 76 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 76 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 99 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 100 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 102–103 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 131 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 59–60, 131 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 134 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 120 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 121 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 124 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 135 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 135–136 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 136 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 136–137 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 115 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 146 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 137 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 141, 143 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 142 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 143–144 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 145–146 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 144–145 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, p. 139 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.
Wellhausen 1927, pp. 137–138 Julius Wellhausen (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall (بزبان انگریزی). Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC:752790641.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Urdu: 3^rd place)

Hawting 2000, pp. 21–22 Gerald R. Hawting (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-24072-7.
Lewis 2002, p. 49 Bernard Lewis (2002). Arabs in History (بزبان انگریزی). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-164716-1.
Kennedy 2004, p. 52 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Kennedy 2004, p. 54 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Fowden 2004, p. 151, note 54 Garth Fowden (2004). Quṣayr ʻAmra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria (بزبان انگریزی). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN:0-520-23665-3.
Donner 2014, pp. 133–134 Fred M. Donner (2014) [1981]. The Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN:978-0-691-05327-1.
Donner 2014, p. 154 Fred M. Donner (2014) [1981]. The Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN:978-0-691-05327-1.
Donner 2014, p. 153 Fred M. Donner (2014) [1981]. The Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN:978-0-691-05327-1.
Kaegi 1995, pp. 67, 246 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Kaegi 1995, p. 245 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Donner 2012, p. 152 Fred M. Donner (2012) [2010]. Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN:978-0-674-05097-6.
Donner 2014, p. 106 Fred M. Donner (2014) [1981]. The Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN:978-0-691-05327-1.
Marsham 2013, p. 104 Andrew Marsham (2013). "The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Alexander Beihammer; Stavroula Constantinou; Maria Parani (eds.). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114. ISBN:978-90-04-25686-6.
Kennedy 2007, p. 95 Hugh Kennedy (2007). The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (بزبان انگریزی). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN:978-0-306-81740-3.
Humphreys 2006, p. 61 R. Stephen Humphreys (2006). Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire (بزبان انگریزی). Oneworld. ISBN:1-85168-402-6.
Morony 1987, p. 215 Michael G. Morony, ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVIII: Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Muʿāwiyah, 661–680 A.D./A.H. 40–60. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. (بزبان انگریزی). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN:978-0-87395-933-9.
Morony 1987, pp. 215–216 Michael G. Morony, ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVIII: Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Muʿāwiyah, 661–680 A.D./A.H. 40–60. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. (بزبان انگریزی). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN:978-0-87395-933-9.
Donner 2014, p. 245 Fred M. Donner (2014) [1981]. The Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN:978-0-691-05327-1.
Donner 2014, pp. 248–249 Fred M. Donner (2014) [1981]. The Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN:978-0-691-05327-1.
Kennedy 2001, p. 12 Hugh Kennedy (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (بزبان انگریزی). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-25093-5.
Donner 2014, p. 248 Fred M. Donner (2014) [1981]. The Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN:978-0-691-05327-1.
Kaegi 1995, pp. 184–185 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Kaegi 1995, p. 185 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Kennedy 2004, p. 70 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Donner 2012, pp. 152–153 Fred M. Donner (2012) [2010]. Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN:978-0-674-05097-6.
Lewis 2002, p. 62 Bernard Lewis (2002). Arabs in History (بزبان انگریزی). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-164716-1.
Humphreys 2006, p. 74 R. Stephen Humphreys (2006). Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire (بزبان انگریزی). Oneworld. ISBN:1-85168-402-6.
Hawting 2000, p. 27 Gerald R. Hawting (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-24072-7.
Kennedy 2004, p. 76 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Humphreys 2006, p. 77 R. Stephen Humphreys (2006). Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire (بزبان انگریزی). Oneworld. ISBN:1-85168-402-6.
Hawting 2000, p. 28 Gerald R. Hawting (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-24072-7.
Shaban 1976, p. 74 M. A. Shaban (1976) [1971]. Islamic History, A New Interpretation: Volume 1, AD 600–750 (A.H. 132) (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-29131-6.
Lewis 2002, p. 63 Bernard Lewis (2002). Arabs in History (بزبان انگریزی). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-164716-1.
Crone 2003, p. 203, note 30 Patricia Crone (2003) [1980]. Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-52940-9.
Kennedy 2004, p. 79 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Donner 2012, p. 162 Fred M. Donner (2012) [2010]. Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN:978-0-674-05097-6.
Donner 2012, pp. 162–163 Fred M. Donner (2012) [2010]. Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN:978-0-674-05097-6.
Donner 2012, p. 165 Fred M. Donner (2012) [2010]. Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN:978-0-674-05097-6.
Kennedy 1998, p. 69 Hugh Kennedy (1998). "Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868". In Carl F. Petry (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517 (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–85. ISBN:0-521-47137-0.
Donner 2012, p. 166 Fred M. Donner (2012) [2010]. Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN:978-0-674-05097-6.
Marsham 2013, p. 93 Andrew Marsham (2013). "The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Alexander Beihammer; Stavroula Constantinou; Maria Parani (eds.). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114. ISBN:978-90-04-25686-6.
Marsham 2013, p. 96 Andrew Marsham (2013). "The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Alexander Beihammer; Stavroula Constantinou; Maria Parani (eds.). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114. ISBN:978-90-04-25686-6.
Marsham 2013, pp. 97, 100 Andrew Marsham (2013). "The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Alexander Beihammer; Stavroula Constantinou; Maria Parani (eds.). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114. ISBN:978-90-04-25686-6.
Marsham 2013, pp. 87, 89, 101 Andrew Marsham (2013). "The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Alexander Beihammer; Stavroula Constantinou; Maria Parani (eds.). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114. ISBN:978-90-04-25686-6.
Marsham 2013, pp. 94, 106 Andrew Marsham (2013). "The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Alexander Beihammer; Stavroula Constantinou; Maria Parani (eds.). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114. ISBN:978-90-04-25686-6.
Kennedy 2004, p. 86 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Kennedy 2001, p. 20 Hugh Kennedy (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (بزبان انگریزی). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-25093-5.
Kennedy 2004, pp. 86–87 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Hawting 1996, p. 223 G. R. Hawting, ed. (1996). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVII: The First Civil War: From the Battle of Siffīn to the Death of ʿAlī, A.D. 656–661/A.H. 36–40. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. (بزبان انگریزی). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN:978-0-7914-2393-6.
Kennedy 2001, p. 13 Hugh Kennedy (2001). The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (بزبان انگریزی). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-25093-5.
Kennedy 2004, p. 87 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Humphreys 2006, pp. 102–103 R. Stephen Humphreys (2006). Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire (بزبان انگریزی). Oneworld. ISBN:1-85168-402-6.
Hawting 2000, p. 842 Gerald R. Hawting (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-24072-7.
Foss 2016, p. 83 Clive Foss (2016) [2010]. "Muʿāwiya's State". In John Haldon (ed.). Money, Power and Politics in Early Islamic Syria: A Review of Current Debates (بزبان انگریزی). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:978-0-7546-6849-7.
Hoyland 1999, p. 159 Robert G. Hoyland (1999). "Jacob of Edessa on Islam". In G. J. Reinink; A. C. Klugkist (eds.). After Bardaisan: Studies on Continuity and Change in Syriac Christianity in Honour of Professor Han J. W. Drijvers (بزبان انگریزی). Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN:90-429-0735-5.
Elad 1999, p. 23 Amikam Elad (1999). Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage (بزبان انگریزی) (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:90-04-10010-5.
Elad 1999, p. 33 Amikam Elad (1999). Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage (بزبان انگریزی) (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:90-04-10010-5.
Elad 1999, pp. 23–24, 33 Amikam Elad (1999). Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage (بزبان انگریزی) (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:90-04-10010-5.
Kennedy 2004, p. 83 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Kennedy 2004, pp. 83–84 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Kennedy 2004, p. 84 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Kennedy 2004, pp. 84–85 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Kennedy 2004, p. 85 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Hawting 2000, p. 41 Gerald R. Hawting (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-24072-7.
Dixon 1971, p. 170 'Abd al-Ameer A. Dixon (1971). The Umayyad Caliphate, 65–86/684–705: (a Political Study) (بزبان انگریزی). London: Luzac. ISBN:978-0-7189-0149-3.
Kaegi 1995, p. 247 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Kaegi 1995, pp. 244–245, 247 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Kaegi 1995, pp. 245, 247 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Howard-Johnston 2010, pp. 303–304 James Howard-Johnston (2010). Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century (بزبان انگریزی). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-920859-3.
Kennedy 2004, p. 88 Hugh Kennedy (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (بزبان انگریزی) (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-40525-7.
Kaegi 1995, pp. 247–248 Walter E. Kaegi (1995) [1992]. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-41172-6.
Kennedy 2007, pp. 207–208 Hugh Kennedy (2007). The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (بزبان انگریزی). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN:978-0-306-81740-3.
Kaegi 2010, p. 12 Walter E. Kaegi (2010). Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-19677-2.
Kaegi 2010, p. 13 Walter E. Kaegi (2010). Muslim Expansion and Byzantine Collapse in North Africa (بزبان انگریزی). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-19677-2.
Kennedy 2007, p. 209 Hugh Kennedy (2007). The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (بزبان انگریزی). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN:978-0-306-81740-3.
Kennedy 2007, p. 217 Hugh Kennedy (2007). The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (بزبان انگریزی). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN:978-0-306-81740-3.
Lewis 2002, p. 67 Bernard Lewis (2002). Arabs in History (بزبان انگریزی). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-164716-1.
Marsham 2013, p. 90 Andrew Marsham (2013). "The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity: The Accession of Mu'awiya in Jerusalem, ca. 661 CE". In Alexander Beihammer; Stavroula Constantinou; Maria Parani (eds.). Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 87–114. ISBN:978-90-04-25686-6.
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Crone 1994, p. 44 Patricia Crone (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?". Der Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 71 (1): 1–57. DOI:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1. ISSN:0021-1818. S2CID:154370527.
Crone 1994, p. 45, note 239 Patricia Crone (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?". Der Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 71 (1): 1–57. DOI:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1. ISSN:0021-1818. S2CID:154370527.
Sprengling 1939, p. 182 Martin Sprengling (1939). "From Persian to Arabic". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (بزبان انگریزی). The University of Chicago Press. 56 (2): 175–224. DOI:10.1086/370538. JSTOR:528934. S2CID:170486943.
Foss 2009, p. 268 Clive Foss (2009). "Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 72 (2): 259–278. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X09000512. JSTOR:40379004.
Foss 2009, p. 269 Clive Foss (2009). "Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 72 (2): 259–278. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X09000512. JSTOR:40379004.
Foss 2009, p. 272 Clive Foss (2009). "Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 72 (2): 259–278. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X09000512. JSTOR:40379004.
Foss 2009, pp. 269–270 Clive Foss (2009). "Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 72 (2): 259–278. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X09000512. JSTOR:40379004.
Miles 1948, p. 236 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Miles 1948, p. 238 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Miles 1948, p. 237 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Bosworth 1996, pp. 159–160 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
Crone 1994, p. 45 Patricia Crone (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?". Der Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 71 (1): 1–57. DOI:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1. ISSN:0021-1818. S2CID:154370527.
Ende 1977, p. 14 Werner Ende [جرمن میں] (1977) [1974]. Arabische Nation und islamische Geschichte: Die Umayyaden im Urteil arabischer Autoren des 20. Jahrhunderts (بزبان انگریزی). Beirut: Orient-Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. DOI:10.25673/112254.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Urdu: 49^th place)

Sharon 2018, pp. 100–101, 108–109 Moshe Sharon (2018). "Witnessed by Three Disciples of the Prophet: The Jerusalem 32 Inscription from 32 AH/652 CE". Israel Exploration Journal (بزبان انگریزی). 68 (1): 100–111. JSTOR:26740639.
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Bosworth 1996, p. 157 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
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Lynch 2016, p. 540 Ryan J. Lynch (2016). "Cyprus and Its Legal and Historiographical Significance in Early Islamic History". Journal of the American Oriental Society (بزبان انگریزی). 136 (3): 535–550. DOI:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535. JSTOR:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535.
Lynch 2016, pp. 541–542 Ryan J. Lynch (2016). "Cyprus and Its Legal and Historiographical Significance in Early Islamic History". Journal of the American Oriental Society (بزبان انگریزی). 136 (3): 535–550. DOI:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535. JSTOR:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535.
Bosworth 1996, p. 158 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
Bosworth 1996, pp. 157–158 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
Sprengling 1939, p. 182 Martin Sprengling (1939). "From Persian to Arabic". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (بزبان انگریزی). The University of Chicago Press. 56 (2): 175–224. DOI:10.1086/370538. JSTOR:528934. S2CID:170486943.
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Foss 2009, p. 268 Clive Foss (2009). "Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 72 (2): 259–278. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X09000512. JSTOR:40379004.
Foss 2009, p. 269 Clive Foss (2009). "Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 72 (2): 259–278. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X09000512. JSTOR:40379004.
Foss 2009, p. 272 Clive Foss (2009). "Egypt under Muʿāwiya Part II: Middle Egypt, Fusṭāṭ and Alexandria". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 72 (2): 259–278. DOI:10.1017/S0041977X09000512. JSTOR:40379004.
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Miles 1948, p. 236 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
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Al-Rashid 2008, pp. 271, 273 Saad bin Abdulaziz Al-Rashid (2008). "Sadd al-Khanaq: An Early Umayyad Dam near Medina, Saudi Arabia". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies (بزبان انگریزی). Archaeopress. 38: 265–275. JSTOR:41223953.
Bosworth 1996, pp. 159–160 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
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nbn-resolving.de (Global: 3,251^st place; Urdu: low place)

Ende 1977, p. 14 Werner Ende [جرمن میں] (1977) [1974]. Arabische Nation und islamische Geschichte: Die Umayyaden im Urteil arabischer Autoren des 20. Jahrhunderts (بزبان انگریزی). Beirut: Orient-Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. DOI:10.25673/112254.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; Urdu: 2,494^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Bosworth 1996, p. 157 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
Bosworth 1996, p. 158 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
Bosworth 1996, pp. 157–158 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
Crone 1994, p. 44 Patricia Crone (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?". Der Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 71 (1): 1–57. DOI:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1. ISSN:0021-1818. S2CID:154370527.
Crone 1994, p. 45, note 239 Patricia Crone (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?". Der Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 71 (1): 1–57. DOI:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1. ISSN:0021-1818. S2CID:154370527.
Sprengling 1939, p. 182 Martin Sprengling (1939). "From Persian to Arabic". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (بزبان انگریزی). The University of Chicago Press. 56 (2): 175–224. DOI:10.1086/370538. JSTOR:528934. S2CID:170486943.
Miles 1948, p. 236 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Miles 1948, p. 238 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Miles 1948, p. 237 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Bosworth 1996, pp. 159–160 C. Edmund Bosworth (1996). "Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (بزبان انگریزی). 6 (2): 157–164. DOI:10.1017/S1356186300007161. JSTOR:25183178. S2CID:163550092.
Crone 1994, p. 45 Patricia Crone (1994). "Were the Qays and Yemen of the Umayyad Period Political Parties?". Der Islam (بزبان انگریزی). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. 71 (1): 1–57. DOI:10.1515/islm.1994.71.1.1. ISSN:0021-1818. S2CID:154370527.

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; Urdu: low place)

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Hinds 1993, p. 267 Martin Hinds (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". In C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel [انگریزی میں]; W. P. Heinrichs [انگریزی میں] & Ch. Pellat (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 263–268. ISBN:978-90-04-09419-2.
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Hinds 1993, p. 265 Martin Hinds (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". In C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel [انگریزی میں]; W. P. Heinrichs [انگریزی میں] & Ch. Pellat (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 263–268. ISBN:978-90-04-09419-2.
Hinds 1993, p. 266 Martin Hinds (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". In C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel [انگریزی میں]; W. P. Heinrichs [انگریزی میں] & Ch. Pellat (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 263–268. ISBN:978-90-04-09419-2.
Hinds 1993, pp. 266–267 Martin Hinds (1993). "Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān". In C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel [انگریزی میں]; W. P. Heinrichs [انگریزی میں] & Ch. Pellat (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 263–268. ISBN:978-90-04-09419-2.
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Hinds 1991, p. 139 Martin Hinds (1991). "Makhzūm". In C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel [انگریزی میں] & Ch. Pellat (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 137–140. ISBN:978-90-04-08112-3.
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de.wikipedia.org

Ende 1977, p. 14 Werner Ende [جرمن میں] (1977) [1974]. Arabische Nation und islamische Geschichte: Die Umayyaden im Urteil arabischer Autoren des 20. Jahrhunderts (بزبان انگریزی). Beirut: Orient-Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. DOI:10.25673/112254.
Kohlberg 2020, p. 105 Etan Kohlberg [جرمن میں] (2020). In Praise of the Few. Studies in Shiʿi Thought and History (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:978-90-04-40697-1.
Kohlberg 2020, p. 105, note 136 Etan Kohlberg [جرمن میں] (2020). In Praise of the Few. Studies in Shiʿi Thought and History (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:978-90-04-40697-1.
Kohlberg 2020, pp. 105–106 Etan Kohlberg [جرمن میں] (2020). In Praise of the Few. Studies in Shiʿi Thought and History (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:978-90-04-40697-1.
Kohlberg 2020, p. 103 Etan Kohlberg [جرمن میں] (2020). In Praise of the Few. Studies in Shiʿi Thought and History (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:978-90-04-40697-1.
Kohlberg 2020, p. 104 Etan Kohlberg [جرمن میں] (2020). In Praise of the Few. Studies in Shiʿi Thought and History (بزبان انگریزی). Leiden: Brill. ISBN:978-90-04-40697-1.

fr.wikipedia.org

Miles 1948, p. 236 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Miles 1948, p. 238 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.
Miles 1948, p. 237 George C. Miles [فرانسیسی میں] (1948). "Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ṭāʾif in the Ḥijāz". Journal of Near Eastern Studies (بزبان انگریزی). 7 (4): 236–242. DOI:10.1086/370887. JSTOR:542216. S2CID:162403885.

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zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; Urdu: 2,212^th place)

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Lynch 2016, p. 540 Ryan J. Lynch (2016). "Cyprus and Its Legal and Historiographical Significance in Early Islamic History". Journal of the American Oriental Society (بزبان انگریزی). 136 (3): 535–550. DOI:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535. JSTOR:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535.
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