منگ خزانہ اسفار (Urdu Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "منگ خزانہ اسفار" in Urdu language version.
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- Levathes (1996). Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996). Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996). Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996), 89. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996), 87–88. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996), 88. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996), 88. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996), 88. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Yang, Rong (1515). Yang Wenmin Gong Ji [The collected works of Yang Rong]. Jianan, Yang shi chong kan ben. Chapter 1. Translation in Levathes (1996), 115. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Levathes (1996), 174–175. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- Finlay (1992), 230. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992), 229. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992), 235–236. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992), 231. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992), 227. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Levathes (1996), 88–89. Louise Levathes (1996)۔ When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433۔ New York: Oxford University Press۔ ISBN 978-0195112078
- O'Rourke & Williamson (2009), 661–663. Kevin H. O'Rourke، Jeffrey G. Williamson (2009)۔ "Did Vasco da Gama matter for European markets?"۔ The Economic History Review۔ 62 (3): 655–684۔ doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00468.x
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Mendoza, Juan González de (16th century). Translation by Parke, Robert (1588) in George T. Staunton، مدیر (1853)۔ The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof۔ London: Hakluyt Society۔ صفحہ: 92–95 Cited in Finlay (1992), 225. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
doi.org
- 9 مئی 1421 کو ، بجلی نے بادشاہ کے نئے محل کو بیجنگ میں مارا ، جس کے نتیجے میں فینگٹیئن ، ہو گئی اور جنسن ہال آگ میں ہلاک ہو گئے۔ (Ray 1987b, 161–162). بحر ہند کی مہمات بند کرنے کے اپنے فیصلے کے لیے ، یونگل شہنشاہ کے خیالات سے متاثر ہوا کہ یہ تباہی ایک خراب شگون ہے اور سفر کے خلاف علامت ہے (Sen 2016, 612). Haraprasad Ray (1987b)۔ "The Eighth Voyage of the Dragon that Never Was: An Enquiry into the Causes of Cessation of Voyages During Early Ming Dynasty"۔ China Report۔ 23 (2)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300202 Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Duyvendak (1939, 387) and Mills (1970, 8–9) made the conclusion that the recorded Palembang journey never happened. However, Dreyer (2007, 96) states that it cannot be proven whether it did or did not happen. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 J. V. G. Mills (1970)۔ Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' [1433]۔ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press۔ ISBN 0-521-01032-2 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439
- Finlay (2008), 330. Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Ray (1987a), 65–66. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Duyvendak (1939), 356–358. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 356. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 358. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 358–360. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Ray (1987a), 69 & 74–75. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Sen (2016), 613. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Duyvendak (1939), 360 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- In the Taizong Shilu, the imperial order is dated to 17 October 1408 (Dreyer 2007, 62; Duyvendak 1939, 361). In the Mingshi, this date is 7 October 1408 (Duyvendak 1939, 361). However, the imperial order is dated to 1407 in Zheng He's inscriptions and Ma Huan's book (Dreyer 2007, 62). After correction of the year in the former two works, the order date would be 23 October 1407 derived from the Taizong Shilu (Dreyer 2007, 62; Duyvendak 1939, 364) or 13 October 1407 derived from the Mingshi (Duyvendak 1939, 364). Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 362. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 356. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 358–359. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Sen (2016), 613–614. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 613–614. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 361–362. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 373. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 361 & 373. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Ray (1987a), 74–75. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Duyvendak (1939), 375. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 375–376. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 374 & 376. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Sen (2016), 614–615. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Duyvendak (1939), 378 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 381. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 382 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 385 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Church (2004). Sally K. Church (2004)۔ "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China"۔ The Medieval History Journal۔ 7 (1): 1–37۔ doi:10.1177/097194580400700101
- Ray (1987b), 162. Haraprasad Ray (1987b)۔ "The Eighth Voyage of the Dragon that Never Was: An Enquiry into the Causes of Cessation of Voyages During Early Ming Dynasty"۔ China Report۔ 23 (2)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300202
- Duyvendak (1939), 388. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 387. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Church (2004). Sally K. Church (2004)۔ "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China"۔ The Medieval History Journal۔ 7 (1): 1–37۔ doi:10.1177/097194580400700101
- Duyvendak (1939), 390. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Lee (2010), 95. Jangwon Lee (2010)۔ "China's Looking Seaward: Zheng He's Voyage in the 21st Century"۔ International Area Studies Review۔ 13 (3): 89–110۔ doi:10.1177/223386591001300305
- Finlay (2008), 336. Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Finlay (2008), 338. Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Fairbank (1942), 141. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Lee (2010), 96. Jangwon Lee (2010)۔ "China's Looking Seaward: Zheng He's Voyage in the 21st Century"۔ International Area Studies Review۔ 13 (3): 89–110۔ doi:10.1177/223386591001300305
- Finlay (1992), 230. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Fairbank (1942), 140. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Duyvendak (1939). Cited in Fairbank (1942), 140. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Finlay (1992), 229. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Ray (1987b), 165–167. Haraprasad Ray (1987b)۔ "The Eighth Voyage of the Dragon that Never Was: An Enquiry into the Causes of Cessation of Voyages During Early Ming Dynasty"۔ China Report۔ 23 (2)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300202
- Ray (1987b), 165. Haraprasad Ray (1987b)۔ "The Eighth Voyage of the Dragon that Never Was: An Enquiry into the Causes of Cessation of Voyages During Early Ming Dynasty"۔ China Report۔ 23 (2)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300202
- Ray (1987b). Haraprasad Ray (1987b)۔ "The Eighth Voyage of the Dragon that Never Was: An Enquiry into the Causes of Cessation of Voyages During Early Ming Dynasty"۔ China Report۔ 23 (2)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300202
- Finlay (2008), 330–331. Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Fairbank (1942), 143. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Sen (2016), 631–633. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 609–611 & 631–633. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 609. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 615. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Major ports in their respective regions included Palembang on the Malaccan Strait, Calicut on the Malabar coast, and Mombasa on the Swahili Coast (see Sen 2016). Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 620–621. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 612–615. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 611. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Finlay (1992), 235–236. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Ray (1987a), 70. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Ray (1987a), 68. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Sen (2016), 612. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Duyvendak (1939), 398–399. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Finlay (1992), 231. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Church (2004), 34–35. Sally K. Church (2004)۔ "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China"۔ The Medieval History Journal۔ 7 (1): 1–37۔ doi:10.1177/097194580400700101
- Finlay (2008), 341. Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Finlay (2008). Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Finlay (2008). Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Finlay (2008). Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Ray (1987a), 78–79. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Finlay (1992), 227. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Duyvendak (1939), 391. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Ray (1987a), 71–72. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Sen (2016), 616–617. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Finlay (2008), 337. Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Ray (1987a), 81–85. Haraprasad Ray (1987a)۔ "An Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre"۔ China Report۔ 23 (1)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300107
- Ray (1987b), 158. Haraprasad Ray (1987b)۔ "The Eighth Voyage of the Dragon that Never Was: An Enquiry into the Causes of Cessation of Voyages During Early Ming Dynasty"۔ China Report۔ 23 (2)۔ doi:10.1177/000944558702300202
- Sen (2016), 623. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- T'ien (1981). Cited in Finlay (2008), 337. Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Sen (2016), 621. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- Sen (2016), 624–626. Tansen Sen (2016)۔ "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions"۔ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies۔ 79 (3): 609–636۔ doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038
- O'Rourke & Williamson (2009), 661–663. Kevin H. O'Rourke، Jeffrey G. Williamson (2009)۔ "Did Vasco da Gama matter for European markets?"۔ The Economic History Review۔ 62 (3): 655–684۔ doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00468.x
- Church (2004), 8. Sally K. Church (2004)۔ "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China"۔ The Medieval History Journal۔ 7 (1): 1–37۔ doi:10.1177/097194580400700101
- Deng & Li (2011), 207–208. Hui Deng، Xin Li (2011)۔ "The Asian Monsoons and Zheng He's Voyages to the Western Ocean"۔ Journal of Navigation۔ 64 (2)۔ doi:10.1017/S0373463310000469
- Deng & Li (2011), 212–217. Hui Deng، Xin Li (2011)۔ "The Asian Monsoons and Zheng He's Voyages to the Western Ocean"۔ Journal of Navigation۔ 64 (2)۔ doi:10.1017/S0373463310000469
- Church (2004), 12. Sally K. Church (2004)۔ "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China"۔ The Medieval History Journal۔ 7 (1): 1–37۔ doi:10.1177/097194580400700101
- Duyvendak (1939), 342–343. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- This date of 15 February 1409 possibly refers to when the trilingual inscription was erected in Galle, indicating that it was put up during the homeward journey of the second voyage (Dreyer 2007, 66). If not, the inscription could have been prepared in China and erected between 1410 when the fleet arrived at Galle to 1411 during the third voyage (Dreyer 2007, 72). Duyvendak (1939, 369) states that the inscription must have been prepared in China on 15 February 1409 and erected during the third expedition (1409-1411), because he thinks that the 15 February 1409 date is connected to the dates for the conference of honors to two deities, Tianfei (天妃) on 21 January 1409 and Nanhaishen (南海神) on 15 February 1409. Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Church (2004), 1–4 & 20–21. Sally K. Church (2004)۔ "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China"۔ The Medieval History Journal۔ 7 (1): 1–37۔ doi:10.1177/097194580400700101
- Church (2004), 21–25. Sally K. Church (2004)۔ "The Giraffe of Bengal: A Medieval Encounter in Ming China"۔ The Medieval History Journal۔ 7 (1): 1–37۔ doi:10.1177/097194580400700101
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (2008). Robert Finlay (2008)۔ "The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China"۔ Journal of the Historical Society۔ 8 (3): 327–347۔ doi:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2008.00250.x
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Duyvendak (1939), 395–396. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Mingshi (Cited in Duyvendak 1939); Mingshi, Xuanzong Shilu, and Mingshi Jishi Benmo (Cited in Dreyer 2007). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Mendoza, Juan González de (16th century). Translation by Parke, Robert (1588) in George T. Staunton، مدیر (1853)۔ The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof۔ London: Hakluyt Society۔ صفحہ: 92–95 Cited in Finlay (1992), 225. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Lee (2010), 104. Jangwon Lee (2010)۔ "China's Looking Seaward: Zheng He's Voyage in the 21st Century"۔ International Area Studies Review۔ 13 (3): 89–110۔ doi:10.1177/223386591001300305
- Nohara (2017). Jun J. Nohara (2017)۔ "Sea Power as a Dominant Paradigm: The Rise of China's New Strategic Identity"۔ Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies۔ 6 (2): 210–232۔ doi:10.1080/24761028.2017.1391623
jstor.org
- Duyvendak (1939, 387) and Mills (1970, 8–9) made the conclusion that the recorded Palembang journey never happened. However, Dreyer (2007, 96) states that it cannot be proven whether it did or did not happen. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 J. V. G. Mills (1970)۔ Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' [1433]۔ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press۔ ISBN 0-521-01032-2 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439
- Lo (1958), 149–150. Jung-pang Lo (1958)۔ "The Decline of the Early Ming Navy"۔ Oriens Extremus۔ 5 (2)۔ JSTOR 43383349
- Duyvendak (1939), 356–358. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 356. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 358. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 358–360. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 360 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- In the Taizong Shilu, the imperial order is dated to 17 October 1408 (Dreyer 2007, 62; Duyvendak 1939, 361). In the Mingshi, this date is 7 October 1408 (Duyvendak 1939, 361). However, the imperial order is dated to 1407 in Zheng He's inscriptions and Ma Huan's book (Dreyer 2007, 62). After correction of the year in the former two works, the order date would be 23 October 1407 derived from the Taizong Shilu (Dreyer 2007, 62; Duyvendak 1939, 364) or 13 October 1407 derived from the Mingshi (Duyvendak 1939, 364). Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 362. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 356. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 358–359. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 361–362. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 373. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 361 & 373. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 375. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 375–376. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 374 & 376. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 378 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 381. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 382 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 385 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 388. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 387. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939), 390. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Fairbank (1942), 141. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Lo (1958), 156–157. Jung-pang Lo (1958)۔ "The Decline of the Early Ming Navy"۔ Oriens Extremus۔ 5 (2)۔ JSTOR 43383349
- Finlay (1992), 230. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Fairbank (1942), 140. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Duyvendak (1939). Cited in Fairbank (1942), 140. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Finlay (1992), 229. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Lo (1958), 152–153. Jung-pang Lo (1958)۔ "The Decline of the Early Ming Navy"۔ Oriens Extremus۔ 5 (2)۔ JSTOR 43383349
- Fairbank (1942), 143. John King Fairbank (1942)۔ "Tributary Trade and China's Relations with the West"۔ The Far Eastern Quarterly۔ 1 (2): 129–149۔ JSTOR 2049617۔ doi:10.2307/2049617
- Finlay (1992), 235–236. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Duyvendak (1939), 398–399. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Finlay (1992), 231. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992), 227. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Duyvendak (1939), 391. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Lo (1958), 151. Jung-pang Lo (1958)۔ "The Decline of the Early Ming Navy"۔ Oriens Extremus۔ 5 (2)۔ JSTOR 43383349
- Duyvendak (1939), 342–343. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- This date of 15 February 1409 possibly refers to when the trilingual inscription was erected in Galle, indicating that it was put up during the homeward journey of the second voyage (Dreyer 2007, 66). If not, the inscription could have been prepared in China and erected between 1410 when the fleet arrived at Galle to 1411 during the third voyage (Dreyer 2007, 72). Duyvendak (1939, 369) states that the inscription must have been prepared in China on 15 February 1409 and erected during the third expedition (1409-1411), because he thinks that the 15 February 1409 date is connected to the dates for the conference of honors to two deities, Tianfei (天妃) on 21 January 1409 and Nanhaishen (南海神) on 15 February 1409. Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439 J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Duyvendak (1939), 395–396. J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Mingshi (Cited in Duyvendak 1939); Mingshi, Xuanzong Shilu, and Mingshi Jishi Benmo (Cited in Dreyer 2007). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171 Edward L. Dreyer (2007)۔ Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433۔ New York: Pearson Longman۔ ISBN 978-0321084439
- Duyvendak (1939). J. J. L. Duyvendak (1939)۔ "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century"۔ T'oung Pao۔ 34 (5): 341–413۔ JSTOR 4527170۔ doi:10.1163/156853238X00171
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Finlay (1992). Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Mendoza, Juan González de (16th century). Translation by Parke, Robert (1588) in George T. Staunton، مدیر (1853)۔ The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof۔ London: Hakluyt Society۔ صفحہ: 92–95 Cited in Finlay (1992), 225. Robert Finlay (1992)۔ "Portuguese and Chinese Maritime Imperialism: Camoes's Lusiads and Luo Maodeng's Voyage of the San Bao Eunuch"۔ Comparative Studies in Society and History۔ 34 (2): 225–241۔ JSTOR 178944۔ doi:10.1017/S0010417500017667
- Dooley (2012), 54. Howard J. Dooley (2012)۔ "The Great Leap Outward: China's Maritime Renaissance"۔ The Journal of East Asian Affairs۔ 26 (1)۔ JSTOR 23257908
- Dooley (2012). Howard J. Dooley (2012)۔ "The Great Leap Outward: China's Maritime Renaissance"۔ The Journal of East Asian Affairs۔ 26 (1)۔ JSTOR 23257908