پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ (Urdu Wikipedia)

Isaac Kramnick, Introduction, James Madison (1987)۔ The Federalist Papers۔ Penguin Classics۔ صفحہ: 13۔ ISBN 0-14-044495-5۔ May second oldest constitution.
Rosemary A. Chorzempa (1993)۔ Polish roots۔ Genealogical Pub.۔ ISBN 08-06313-78-1
Jan K. Ostrowski، مدیر (1999)۔ Art in Poland, 1572–1764: land of the winged horsemen۔ Art Services International۔ صفحہ: 32۔ ISBN 0-88397-131-3 In 1600 the son of the chancellor of Poland was learning four languages: Latin, Greek, Turkish, and Polish. By the time he had completed his studies, he was fluent not only in Turkish but also in Tatar and Arabic.
Bertram Benedict (1919)۔ A history of the great war۔ Bureau of national literature, inc.۔ صفحہ: 21۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2011
Norman Davies (1996)۔ Europe: A History۔ Oxford University Press۔ صفحہ: 699۔ ISBN 0-19-820171-0
Richard M. Golden (2006)۔ "Volume 4"۔ Encyclopedia of witchcraft: the Western tradition۔ ABC-CLIO۔ صفحہ: 1039۔ ISBN 1-57607-243-6
Thus, at the time of the first partition in 1772, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth consisted of 43 per cent Latin Catholics, 33 per cent Greek Catholics, 10 per cent Christian Orthodox, 9 per cent Jews and 4 per cent Protestant Willfried Spohn, Anna Triandafyllidou (2003)۔ Europeanisation, national identities, and migration: changes in boundary constructions between Western and Eastern Europe۔ Routledge۔ صفحہ: 127۔ ISBN 0-415-29667-6
Ex quo serenissima respublica Poloniae in corpore ad exempluin omnium aliarnm potentiarum, lilulum regiuin Borussiae recognoscere decrevit (...)
Antoine-François-Claude Ferrand (1820)۔ "Volume 1"۔ Histoire des trois démembremens de la Pologne: pour faire suite à l'histoire de l'Anarchie de Pologne par Rulhière (بزبان فرانسیسی)۔ Deterville۔ صفحہ: 182
Rey Koslowski (2000)۔ Migrants and citizens: demographic change in the European state system۔ کورنیل یونیورسٹی Press۔ صفحہ: 51۔ ISBN 978-0-8014-3714-4۔ polish lithuanian commonwealth americas western europe.
Rosemary A. Chorzempa (1993)۔ Polish roots۔ Genealogical Pub.۔ ISBN 0-8063-1378-1
Daniel H. Cole (2002)۔ Pollution and property: comparing ownership institutions for environmental protection۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 106۔ ISBN 0-521-00109-9
Nicholas L. Chirovsky (1984)۔ The Lithuanian-Rus'commonwealth, the Polish domination, and the Cossack-Hetman state۔ Philosophical Library۔ صفحہ: 367۔ ISBN 0-8022-2407-5
Stephen K. Batalden, Sandra L. Batalden (1997)۔ The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former Soviet republics۔ Greenwood Publishing Group۔ صفحہ: 45۔ ISBN 0-89774-940-5
Sarah Johnstone (2008)۔ Ukraine۔ Lonely Planet۔ صفحہ: 27۔ ISBN 1-74104-481-2

archive.today

Based on Карта со население од 1615 (p115), карта со јазици од 1618 (p119), карта со загуби од 1657–67 (p128) и Географска карта од 1717 (p141), Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Poland a Historical Atlas, Hippocrene Books, 1987, ISBN 0-88029-394-2

books.google.com

Yale Richmond, From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans, Intercultural Press, 1995, стр. 51
Maciej Janowski, Polish Liberal Thought, Central European University Press, 2001, ISBN 963-9241-18-0, Google Print: p3, p12
Paul W. Schroeder, The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848, Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-19-820654-2, Google print p84
Rett R. Ludwikowski, Constitution-Making in the Region of Former Soviet Dominance, Duke University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8223-1802-4, Google Print, p34
George Sanford, Democratic Government in Poland: Constitutional Politics Since 1989, Palgrave, 2002, ISBN 0-333-77475-2, Google print p11—constitutional monarchy, p3—anarchy
Aleksander Gella, Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe: Poland and Her Southern Neighbors, SUNY Press, 1998, ISBN 0-88706-833-2, Google Print, p13
Halina Stephan, Living in Translation: Polish Writers in America, Rodopi, 2003, ISBN 90-420-1016-9, Google Print p373
Feliks Gross, Citizenship and Ethnicity: The Growth and Development of a Democratic Multiethnic Institution, Greenwood Press, 1999, ISBN 0-313-30932-9, Google Print, p122 (notes)
Maciej Janowski, Polish Liberal Thought, Central European University Press, 2001, آئی ایس بی این 963-9241-18-0, Google Print: p. 3, p. 12
Paul W. Schroeder, The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848, Oxford University Press, 1996, آئی ایس بی این 0-19-820654-2, Google print p. 84
Rett R. Ludwikowski, Constitution-Making in the Region of Former Soviet Dominance, Duke University Press, 1997, آئی ایس بی این 0-8223-1802-4, Google Print, p. 34
George Sanford, Democratic Government in Poland: Constitutional Politics Since 1989, Palgrave, 2002, آئی ایس بی این 0-333-77475-2, Google print p. 11 – constitutional monarchy, p. 3 – anarchy
Aleksander Gella, Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe: Poland and Her Southern Neighbors, SUNY Press, 1998, آئی ایس بی این 0-88706-833-2, Google Print, p. 13
Halina Stephan, Living in Translation: Polish Writers in America, Rodopi, 2003, آئی ایس بی این 90-420-1016-9, Google Print p. 373. Quoting from Sarmatian Review academic journal mission statement: "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was ... characterized by religious tolerance unusual in premodern Europe"
Feliks Gross, https://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0313309329&id=I6wM4X9UQ8QC&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=Polish-Lithuanian+Commonwealth+religious+tolerance&sig=4DfNp5W5HoFxS_dc6gt3Jo8B4NQ Citizenship and Ethnicity: The Growth and Development of a Democratic Multiethnic Institution], Greenwood Press, 1999, آئی ایس بی این 0-313-30932-9, p. 122 (notes)
George Sanford, Democratic Government in Poland: Constitutional Politics Since 1989, Palgrave, 2002, آئی ایس بی این 0-333-77475-2, Google print p. 11 – constitutional monarchy, p. 3 – anarchy
George Sanford, Democratic Government in Poland: Constitutional Politics Since 1989, Palgrave, 2002, آئی ایس بی این 0-333-77475-2, Google print p. 11 – constitutional monarchy, p. 3 – anarchy
Martin Van Gelderen, Quentin Skinner, Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, Cambridge University Press, 2002, آئی ایس بی این 0-521-80756-5 p. 54
Albert Blaustein (1993)۔ Constitutions of the World۔ Fred B. Rothman & Company
James S. Pacy، James T. McHugh۔ Diplomats Without a Country: Baltic Diplomacy, International Law, and the Cold War (1st Edition ایڈیشن)۔ Post Road West, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press۔ ISBN 0-313-31878-6۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 3 септември 2006 صيانة CS1: نص إضافي (link)
Henry Eldridge Bourne, The Revolutionary Period in Europe 1763 to 1815, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, ISBN 1-4179-3418-2, Google Print p161^{[مردہ ربط]}
Wolfgang Menzel, Germany from the Earliest Period Vol. 4, Kessinger Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-4191-2171-5, Google Print, p33^{[مردہ ربط]}
Isabel de Madariaga, Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2002, ISBN 1-84212-511-7, Google Print p431^{[مردہ ربط]}
Piotr Stefan Wandycz, The Price of Freedom: A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present, Routledge (UK), 2001, ISBN 0-415-25491-4, Google Print p131^{[مردہ ربط]}
Edward Henry Lewinski Corwin, The Political History of Poland, 1917, стр. 310-315, Google Print
Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-925339-0, Google Print, p.392
Jerzy Lukowski, Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-521-55917-0, Google Print, p.101-103
Henry Smith Williams, The Historians' History of the World, The Outlook Company, 1904, Google Print, p.88-91
Zofia Baranowicz، Aleksander Gieysztor، Janusz Durko (1980)۔ Warszawa, jej dzieje i kultura (بزبان پولش)۔ Arkady۔ صفحہ: 667۔ ISBN 83-213-2958-6
Joseph Conrad, Notes on Life and Letters: Notes on Life and Letters, Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-521-56163-9, Google Print, p422 (notes)^{[مردہ ربط]}
David Sneath (2007)۔ The headless state: aristocratic orders, kinship society, & misrepresentations of nomadic inner Asia۔ Columbia University Press۔ صفحہ: 188۔ ISBN 02-31140-54-1 (انگریزی میں)
M. L. Bush (1988)۔ Rich noble, poor noble۔ Manchester University Press ND۔ صفحہ: 8-9۔ ISBN 07-19023-81-5 (انگریزی میں)
David Sneath (2007)۔ The headless state: aristocratic orders, kinship society, & misrepresentations of nomadic inner Asia۔ Columbia University Press۔ صفحہ: 188۔ ISBN 02-31140-54-1 (انگریزی میں)
M. L. Bush (1988)۔ Rich noble, poor noble۔ Manchester University Press ND۔ صفحہ: 8–9۔ ISBN 07-19023-81-5
Piotr Stefan Wandycz (1980)۔ The United States and Poland۔ Harvard University Press۔ صفحہ: 17۔ ISBN 06-74926-85-4
William Bullitt, The Great Globe Itself: A Preface to World Affairs, Transaction Publishers, 2005, ISBN 1-4128-0490-6, Google Print, pp42–43
John Adams, The Political Writings of John Adams, Regnery Gateway, 2001, ISBN 0-89526-292-4, Google Print, p.242
Evsey D. Domar, "Capitalism, socialism, and serfdom: essays", Cambridge University Press, 1989, стр. 23 [1]
Perry Anderson, Lieages of the Absolutist States,Verso, 1 декември 1996, ISBN 978-0-86091-710-6, Google Print p285
Peter Kardash, Brett Lockwood (1988)۔ Ukraine and Ukrainians۔ Fortuna۔ صفحہ: 134
Norman Davies (2005)۔ God's Playground: A History of Poland۔ Columbia University Press۔ صفحہ: 167۔ ISBN 02-31128-19-3
Linda Gordon, Cossack Rebellions: Social Turmoil in the Sixteenth Century Ukraine, SUNY Press, 1983, آئی ایس بی این 0-87395-654-0, Google Print, p. 51
Aleksander Gella, Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe: Poland and Her Southern Neighbors, SUNY Press, 1998, آئی ایس بی این 0-88706-833-2, Google Print, p. 13
Anatol Lieven, The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence, Yale University Press, 1994, ISBN 0-300-06078-5, Google Print, p.48
Stephen Barbour, Cathie Carmichael, Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-19-925085-5, Google Print p.184
Östen Dahl, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, The Circum-Baltic Languages: Typology and Contact, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001, ISBN 90-272-3057-9, Google Print, p.45
Glanville Price, Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe, Blackwell Publishing, 1998, ISBN 0-631-22039-9, Google Print, p.30
Mikulas Teich, The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-36713-1, Google Print, p.295
Kevin O'Connor, Culture And Customs of the Baltic States, Greenwood Press, 2006, ISBN 0-313-33125-1, Google Print, p.115
Karin Friedrich et al., The Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty, 1569–1772, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-58335-7, Google Print, p.88
Daniel. Z Stone, A History of East Central Europe, p.46
Piotr Eberhardt, Jan Owsinski, Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis, M.E. Sharpe, 2003, ISBN 0-7656-0665-8, Google Print, p.177
Östen Dahl, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, The Circum-Baltic Languages: Typology and Contact, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001, ISBN 90-272-3057-9, Google Print, p.41
Czesław Miłosz, The History of Polish Literature, University of California Press, 1983, ISBN 0-520-04477-0, Google Print, p.108
Jan K. Ostrowski, Land of the Winged Horsemen: Art in Poland, 1572–1764, Yale University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-300-07918-4, Google Print, p.27
Joanna B. Michlic (2006)۔ Poland's threatening other: the image of the Jew from 1880 to the present۔ U of Nebraska Press۔ صفحہ: 42۔ ISBN 08-03232-40-3 (انگریزی میں)
Francis W. Carter (1994)۔ Trade and urban development in Poland: an economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795 - Volume 20 of Cambridge studies in historical geography۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 186–187 ^{[مردہ ربط]}
Daniel Stone (2001)۔ The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795۔ University of Washington Press۔ صفحہ: 221۔ ISBN 9780295980935
Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries (1998)۔ A history of eastern Europe: crisis and change۔ Routledge۔ صفحہ: 126۔ ISBN 9780415161114
Norman Davies (1998)۔ Europe: A History۔ HarperCollins۔ صفحہ: 657–660
Thomas A. Brady, Christopher Ocker; entry by David Frick (2007)۔ Politics and reformations: communities, polities, nations, and empires : essays in honor of Thomas A. Brady, Jr۔ Brill Publishers۔ صفحہ: 206۔ ISBN 9789004161733
Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer; essay by Tomas Venclova (2004)۔ History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries (Volume 2)۔ John Benjamins Publishing Company۔ صفحہ: 11۔ ISBN 9789027234537
Charles A. Frazee, World History the Easy Way, Barron's Educational Series, ISBN 0-8120-9766-1, Google Print, 50
Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries (1998)۔ A history of eastern Europe: crisis and change۔ روٹلیج۔ صفحہ: 126۔ ISBN 978-0-415-16111-4
L'union personnelle polono-saxonne contribua davantage à faire connaître en Pologne le français que l'allemand. Cette fonction de la langue française, devenue l'instrument de communication entre les groupes dirigeants des deux pays. Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of History (1970)۔ "Volume 22"۔ Acta Poloniae historica (بزبان فرانسیسی)۔ National Ossoliński Institute۔ صفحہ: 79
Mariusz Karpowicz (1991)۔ Baroque in Poland۔ Arkady۔ صفحہ: 68۔ ISBN 83-213-3412-1
Lola Romanucci-Ross، George A. De Vos، Takeyuki Tsuda (2006)۔ Ethnic identity: problems and prospects for the twenty-first century۔ Rowman Altamira۔ صفحہ: 84۔ ISBN 0-7591-0973-7
Total and Jewish population based on Frazee; others are estimations from Pogonowski (se following reference). Charles A. Frazee, World History the Easy Way, Barron's Educational Series, آئی ایس بی این 0-8120-9766-1, Google Print, 50
Aleksander Gieysztor، مدیر (1988)۔ Rzeczpospolita w dobie Jana III (Commonwealth during the reign of John III)۔ Royal Castle in Warsaw۔ صفحہ: 45
Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer; essay by Tomas Venclova (2004)۔ History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries (Volume 2)۔ John Benjamins Publishing Company۔ صفحہ: 11۔ ISBN 978-90-272-3453-7
Guillaume de Lamberty (1735)۔ "Volume 3"۔ Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire du XVIIIe siècle, contenant les négociations, traitez, résolutions et autres documents authentiques concernant les affaires d'état: avec le supplément aux années MDCXCVI-MDCCIII (بزبان فرانسیسی)۔ صفحہ: 343۔ Généreux et Magnifiques Seigneurs les Sénateurs et autres Ordres de la Sérénissime République de Pologne et du grand Duché de Lithuanie
James S. Pacy، James T. McHugh (2001)۔ Diplomats without a Country: Baltic Diplomacy, International Law, and the Cold War (1st ایڈیشن)۔ Post Road West, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press۔ ISBN 0-313-31878-6۔ doi:10.1336/0313318786۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 03 ستمبر 2006
Thomas A. Brady, Christopher Ocker; entry by David Frick (2007)۔ Politics and reformations: communities, polities, nations, and empires : essays in honor of Thomas A. Brady, Jr۔ Brill Publishers۔ صفحہ: 206۔ ISBN 978-90-04-16173-3
M. L. Bush (1988)۔ Rich noble, poor noble۔ Manchester University Press ND۔ صفحہ: 8–9۔ ISBN 0-7190-2381-5
Jarmo Kotilaine (2005)۔ Russia's foreign trade and economic expansion in the seventeenth century: windows on the world۔ BRILL۔ صفحہ: 47۔ ISBN 90-04-13896-X
Daniel Stone (2001)۔ The Polish–Lithuanian state, 1386–1795۔ یونیورسٹی آف واشنگٹن Press۔ صفحہ: 221۔ ISBN 978-0-295-98093-5
Francis Dvornik (1992)۔ The Slavs in European History and Civilization۔ Rutgers University Press۔ صفحہ: 300۔ ISBN 0-8135-0799-5
David Sneath (2007)۔ The headless state: aristocratic orders, kinship society, & misrepresentations of nomadic inner Asia۔ Columbia University Press۔ صفحہ: 188۔ ISBN 0-231-14054-1
Serhii Plokhy (2006)۔ The origins of the Slavic nations: premodern identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 169۔ ISBN 0-521-86403-8
Piotr Wandycz (2001)۔ The price of freedom (p.66)۔ صفحہ: 66۔ ISBN 978-0-415-25491-5۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2011
Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries (2007)۔ A history of Eastern Europe: crisis and change۔ Taylor & Francis۔ صفحہ: 189۔ ISBN 978-0-415-36627-4

britannica.com

Partitions of Poland دائرۃ المعارف بریطانیکا پر
https://www.britannica.com/place/Poland/The-First-Partition
"Poland." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
{{لیبل ریف لیبل | Е | е |. << ref <= "britannica.com"> پولینڈ "پولینڈ۔" انسائیکلوپیڈیا برٹانیکا۔ 2009. انسائیکلوپیڈیا برٹانیکا آن لائن۔
"In the mid-1500s, united Poland was the largest state in Europe and perhaps the continent's most powerful state politically and militarily". "Poland". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 26 June 2009
"Poland." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 20 Feb. 2009
"Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to History"۔ Britannica.com۔ 31 јануари 1910۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 1 февруари 2009
"Poland". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
"Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to History"۔ Britannica.com۔ 31 January 1910۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 فروری 2009

buffalo.edu

info-poland.buffalo.edu

Carl L. Bucki, The Constitution of 3 мај, 1791 آرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ info-poland.buffalo.edu (Error: unknown archive URL)
The death of Sigismund II Augustus in 1572 was followed by a three-year Interregnum during which adjustments were made in the constitutional system. The lower nobility was now included in the selection process, and the power of the monarch was further circumscribed in favor of the expanded noble class. From that point, the king was effectively a partner with the noble class and constantly supervised by a group of senators.
"The Elective Monarchy"۔ Poland – The Historical Setting۔ Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress۔ 1992۔ June 4, 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ July 15, 2011

doi.org

James S. Pacy، James T. McHugh (2001)۔ Diplomats without a Country: Baltic Diplomacy, International Law, and the Cold War (1st ایڈیشن)۔ Post Road West, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press۔ ISBN 0-313-31878-6۔ doi:10.1336/0313318786۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 03 ستمبر 2006

eurojewcong.org

"European Jewish Congress – Poland"۔ Eurojewcong.org۔ 11 دسمبر 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 فروری 2009

google.pl

books.google.pl

Mariusz Karpowicz (1991)۔ Baroque in Poland۔ Arkady۔ صفحہ: 68۔ ISBN 83-21334-12-1

gulbenkian.pt

museu.gulbenkian.pt

""Polonaise" carpet"۔ www.museu.gulbenkian.pt۔ 28 فروری 2003 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 мај 2009 (انگریزی میں)

ianridpath.com

Ian Ridpath۔ "Taurus Poniatovii - Poniatowski's bull"۔ www.ianridpath.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 مئی 2009

indiana.edu

indylaw.indiana.edu

Poland's 1997 Constitution in Its Historical Context; Daniel H. Cole, Indiana University School of Law, September 22, 1998 http://indylaw.indiana.edu/instructors/cole/web%20page/polconst.pdf
Poland's 1997 Constitution in Its Historical Context; Daniel H. Cole, Indiana University School of Law, September 22, 1998 http://indylaw.indiana.edu/instructors/cole/web%20page/polconst.pdf

interaccess.com

homepage.interaccess.com

Based on 1618 population map Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. (p. 115), 1618 languages map (p119), 1657–67 losses map (p. 128) and 1717 map Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. (p. 141) from Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Poland a Historical Atlas, Hippocrene Books, 1987, آئی ایس بی این 0-88029-394-2

j-bradford-delong.net

"The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis" Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. (discussion and full online text) of Evsey Domar (1970). Economic History Review 30:1 (March), pp. 18–32.

jewish-guide.pl

After a fire had destroyed a wooden synagogue in 1733 Stanislaw Lubomirski decided to found a new bricked synagogue building. Polin Travel۔ "Lancut"۔ www.jewish-guide.pl۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 ستمبر 2010

leszno.pl

muzeum.leszno.pl

"Portraits collection"۔ www.muzeum.leszno.pl۔ 10 مئی 2013 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 мај 2009

lvivtoday.com.ua

"Palaces and Castles in a Lion Country"۔ www.lvivtoday.com.ua۔ 2 June 2008۔ 25 اپریل 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 مئی 2009

newadvent.org

"Lemberg"۔ Catholic Encyclopedia۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 03 ستمبر 2010

pbs.org

Heritage: Interactive Atlas: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, и .

photobucket.com

i34.photobucket.com

""Mes Wladislaus..." a letter from Wladyslaw Vasa issued in 1639 written in Lithuanian language"۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 3 септември 2006

polinow.pl

Maciej Kobyliński۔ "Rzeczpospolita spichlerzem Europy"۔ www.polinow.pl (بزبان پولش)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 28 دسمبر 2009

polskieradio24.pl

https://www.polskieradio24.pl/39/156/Artykul/1444613,Artykuly-henrykowskie-szlachecka-prekonstytucja

pwn.pl

sjp.pwn.pl

"Regnum Poloniae Magnusque Ducatus Lithuaniae – definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia"۔ sjp.pwn.pl۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 اکتوبر 2016
"Regnum Poloniae Magnusque Ducatus Lithuaniae – definicja, synonimy, przykłady użycia"۔ sjp.pwn.pl۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 اکتوبر 2016

staropolska.pl

Michael J. Mikoś۔ "Baroque"۔ www.staropolska.pl۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 мај 2009 (انگریزی میں)

uj.edu.pl

ces.uj.edu.pl

Jagiellonian University Centre for European studies, "A Very Short History of Kraków", see: "1596 administrative capital, the tiny village of Warsaw"۔ 12 مارچ 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 نومبر 2012

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

"Old City of Zamość"۔ UNESCO World Heritage Centre۔ 2009-09-23۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 15 ستمبر 2011

portal.unesco.org

"Memory of the World Register Nomination Form"۔ portal.unesco.org۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 اگست 2011

unive.it

venus.unive.it

Krzysztof Olszewski (2007)۔ The Rise and Decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth due to Grain Trade (PDF)۔ صفحہ: 7۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 април 2009 ^{[مردہ ربط]}
Krzysztof Olszewski (2007)۔ The Rise and Decline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth due to Grain Trade (PDF)۔ صفحہ: 7۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 اپریل 2009 ^{[مردہ ربط]}

warsawvoice.pl

"Setting Sail"۔ www.warsawvoice.pl۔ 29 May 2003۔ 26 جنوری 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 مئی 2009

web.archive.org

Jagiellonian University Centre for European studies, "A Very Short History of Kraków", see: "1596 administrative capital, the tiny village of Warsaw"۔ 12 مارچ 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 نومبر 2012
""Polonaise" carpet"۔ www.museu.gulbenkian.pt۔ 28 فروری 2003 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 мај 2009 (انگریزی میں)
"Portraits collection"۔ www.muzeum.leszno.pl۔ 10 مئی 2013 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 мај 2009
"European Jewish Congress – Poland"۔ Eurojewcong.org۔ 11 دسمبر 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 فروری 2009
"Palaces and Castles in a Lion Country"۔ www.lvivtoday.com.ua۔ 2 June 2008۔ 25 اپریل 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 مئی 2009
"Setting Sail"۔ www.warsawvoice.pl۔ 29 May 2003۔ 26 جنوری 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 مئی 2009
The death of Sigismund II Augustus in 1572 was followed by a three-year Interregnum during which adjustments were made in the constitutional system. The lower nobility was now included in the selection process, and the power of the monarch was further circumscribed in favor of the expanded noble class. From that point, the king was effectively a partner with the noble class and constantly supervised by a group of senators.
"The Elective Monarchy"۔ Poland – The Historical Setting۔ Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress۔ 1992۔ June 4, 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ July 15, 2011

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

Henry Eldridge Bourne, The Revolutionary Period in Europe 1763 to 1815, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, ISBN 1-4179-3418-2, Google Print p161^{[مردہ ربط]}
Wolfgang Menzel, Germany from the Earliest Period Vol. 4, Kessinger Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-4191-2171-5, Google Print, p33^{[مردہ ربط]}
Isabel de Madariaga, Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2002, ISBN 1-84212-511-7, Google Print p431^{[مردہ ربط]}
Piotr Stefan Wandycz, The Price of Freedom: A History of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present, Routledge (UK), 2001, ISBN 0-415-25491-4, Google Print p131^{[مردہ ربط]}
Joseph Conrad, Notes on Life and Letters: Notes on Life and Letters, Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-521-56163-9, Google Print, p422 (notes)^{[مردہ ربط]}
Krzysztof Olszewski (2007)۔ The Rise and Decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth due to Grain Trade (PDF)۔ صفحہ: 7۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 април 2009 ^{[مردہ ربط]}
Francis W. Carter (1994)۔ Trade and urban development in Poland: an economic geography of Cracow, from its origins to 1795 - Volume 20 of Cambridge studies in historical geography۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 186–187 ^{[مردہ ربط]}
Krzysztof Olszewski (2007)۔ The Rise and Decline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth due to Grain Trade (PDF)۔ صفحہ: 7۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 اپریل 2009 ^{[مردہ ربط]}