Bệnh coeliac (Vietnamese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bệnh coeliac" in Vietnamese language version.
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aafp.org
- Presutti RJ, Cangemi JR, Cassidy HD, Hill DA (2007). “Celiac disease”. Am Fam Physician. 76 (12): 1795–802. PMID 18217518. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 19 tháng 4 năm 2021. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 10 năm 2018.
archive.org
- Lionetti E, Francavilla R, Pavone P, Pavone L, Francavilla T, Pulvirenti A, Giugno R, Ruggieri M (tháng 8 năm 2010). “The neurology of coeliac disease in childhood: what is the evidence? A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 52 (8): 700–7. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03647.x. PMID 20345955.
- van Heel DA, West J (tháng 7 năm 2006). “Recent advances in coeliac disease”. Gut (Review). 55 (7): 1037–46. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.075119. PMC 1856316. PMID 16766754.
- “American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Celiac Sprue”. Gastroenterology. 120 (6): 1522–5. 2001. doi:10.1053/gast.2001.24055. PMID 11313323.
- Nicolas ME, Krause PK, Gibson LE, Murray JA (tháng 8 năm 2003). “Dermatitis herpetiformis”. Int. J. Dermatol. 42 (8): 588–600. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01804.x. PMID 12890100.
- Haboubi NY, Taylor S, Jones S (tháng 10 năm 2006). “Coeliac disease and oats: a systematic review”. Postgrad Med J (Review). 82 (972): 672–8. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.045443. PMC 2653911. PMID 17068278.
- Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF (tháng 1 năm 2006). “Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.082016. PMC 2083075. PMID 16287899.
books.google.com
- Adams F, translator (1856). “On The Cœliac Affection”. The extant works of Aretaeus, The Cappadocian. London: Sydenham Society. tr. 350–1. Truy cập ngày 12 tháng 12 năm 2009.
canada.ca
- “The Gluten Connection”. Health Canada. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 5 tháng 7 năm 2017. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 10 năm 2013.
doi.org
- Fasano A (tháng 4 năm 2005). “Clinical presentation of celiac disease in the pediatric population”. Gastroenterology (Review). 128 (4 Suppl 1): S68-73. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.015. PMID 15825129.
- Lebwohl B, Ludvigsson JF, Green PH (tháng 10 năm 2015). “Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity”. BMJ (Review). 351: h4347. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4347. PMC 4596973. PMID 26438584.
Celiac disease occurs in about 1% of the population worldwide, although most people with the condition are undiagnosed. It can cause a wide variety of symptoms, both intestinal and extra-intestinal because it is a systemic autoimmune disease that is triggered by dietary gluten. Patients with coeliac disease are at increased risk of cancer, including a twofold to fourfold increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a more than 30-fold increased risk of small intestinal adenocarcinoma, and they have a 1.4-fold increased risk of death.
- Lundin KE, Wijmenga C (tháng 9 năm 2015). “Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening”. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 12 (9): 507–15. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136. PMID 26303674.
The abnormal immunological response elicited by gluten-derived proteins can lead to the production of several different autoantibodies, which affect different systems.
- Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Cangemi GC, Pohanka M, Betti E, Lauret E, Rodrigo L (ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2015). “The Spectrum of Differences between Childhood and Adulthood Celiac Disease”. Nutrients (Review). 7 (10): 8733–51. doi:10.3390/nu7105426. PMC 4632446. PMID 26506381.
Several additional studies in extensive series of coeliac patients have clearly shown that TG2A sensitivity varies depending on the severity of duodenal damage, and reaches almost 100% in the presence of complete villous atrophy (more common in children under three years), 70% for subtotal atrophy, and up to 30% when only an increase in IELs is present. (IELs: intraepithelial lymphocytes)
- Lionetti E, Francavilla R, Pavone P, Pavone L, Francavilla T, Pulvirenti A, Giugno R, Ruggieri M (tháng 8 năm 2010). “The neurology of coeliac disease in childhood: what is the evidence? A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 52 (8): 700–7. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03647.x. PMID 20345955.
- Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP, ESPGHAN Working Group on Coeliac Disease Diagnosis; ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (tháng 1 năm 2012). “European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease” (PDF). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (Practice Guideline). 54 (1): 136–60. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0. PMID 22197856. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 3 tháng 4 năm 2016.
Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. (...) atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms
- Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, Negrini G, Paterini P, Bolondi L (tháng 3 năm 2015). “Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders”. World Journal of Clinical Cases (Review). 3 (3): 275–84. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
- Vivas S, Vaquero L, Rodríguez-Martín L, Caminero A (tháng 11 năm 2015). “Age-related differences in celiac disease: Specific characteristics of adult presentation”. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Review). 6 (4): 207–12. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.207. PMC 4635160. PMID 26558154.
In addition, the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis and/or villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia of small-bowel mucosa, and clinical remission after withdrawal of gluten from the diet, are also used for diagnosis antitransglutaminase antibody (tTGA) titers and the degree of histological lesions inversely correlate with age. Thus, as the age of diagnosis increases antibody titers decrease and histological damage is less marked. It is common to find adults without villous atrophy showing only an inflammatory pattern in duodenal mucosa biopsies: Lymphocytic enteritis (Marsh I) or added crypt hyperplasia (Marsh II)
- See JA, Kaukinen K, Makharia GK, Gibson PR, Murray JA (tháng 10 năm 2015). “Practical insights into gluten-free diets”. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 12 (10): 580–91. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.156. PMID 26392070.
A lack of symptoms and/or negative serological markers are not reliable indicators of mucosal response to the diet. Furthermore, up to 30% of patients continue to have gastrointestinal symptoms despite a strict GFD.122,124 If adherence is questioned, a structured interview by a qualified dietitian can help to identify both intentional and inadvertent sources of gluten.
- Fasano A, Catassi C (tháng 12 năm 2012). “Clinical practice. Celiac disease”. The New England Journal of Medicine (Review). 367 (25): 2419–26. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1113994. PMID 23252527.
- Newnham, Evan D (2017). “Coeliac disease in the 21st century: Paradigm shifts in the modern age”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 32: 82–85. doi:10.1111/jgh.13704. PMID 28244672.
Presentation of CD with malabsorptive symptoms or malnutrition is now the exception rather than the rule.
- Tonutti E, Bizzaro N (2014). “Diagnosis and classification of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity”. Autoimmun Rev (Review). 13 (4–5): 472–6. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.043. PMID 24440147.
- Penagini F, Dilillo D, Meneghin F, Mameli C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti GV (tháng 11 năm 2013). “Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet”. Nutrients (Review). 5 (11): 4553–65. doi:10.3390/nu5114553. PMC 3847748. PMID 24253052.
- Di Sabatino A, Corazza GR (tháng 4 năm 2009). “Coeliac disease”. Lancet. 373 (9673): 1480–93. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60254-3. PMID 19394538.
- Pinto-Sánchez MI, Causada-Calo N, Bercik P, Ford AC, Murray JA, Armstrong D, Semrad C, Kupfer SS, Alaedini A, Moayyedi P, Leffler DA, Verdú EF, Green P (tháng 8 năm 2017). “Safety of Adding Oats to a Gluten-Free Diet for Patients With Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Observational Studies”. Gastroenterology. 153 (2): 395–409.e3. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.009. PMID 28431885.
- Comino I, Moreno M, Sousa C (tháng 11 năm 2015). “Role of oats in celiac disease”. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 21 (41): 11825–31. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11825. PMC 4631980. PMID 26557006.
It is necessary to consider that oats include many varieties, containing various amino acid sequences and showing different immunoreactivities associated with toxic prolamins. As a result, several studies have shown that the immunogenicity of oats varies depending on the cultivar consumed. Thus, it is essential to thoroughly study the variety of oats used in a food ingredient before including it in a gluten-free diet.
- Matthias T, Pfeiffer S, Selmi C, Eric Gershwin M (tháng 4 năm 2010). “Diagnostic challenges in celiac disease and the role of the tissue transglutaminase-neo-epitope”. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol (Review). 38 (2–3): 298–301. doi:10.1007/s12016-009-8160-z. PMID 19629760.
- Lewis NR, Scott BB (tháng 7 năm 2006). “Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)”. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x. PMID 16803602.
- Rostom A, Murray JA, Kagnoff MF (tháng 12 năm 2006). “American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease”. Gastroenterology (Review). 131 (6): 1981–2002. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.004. PMID 17087937.
- Molina-Infante J, Santolaria S, Sanders DS, Fernández-Bañares F (tháng 5 năm 2015). “Systematic review: noncoeliac gluten sensitivity”. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Review). 41 (9): 807–20. doi:10.1111/apt.13155. PMID 25753138.
Furthermore, seronegativity is more common in coeliac disease patients without villous atrophy (Marsh 1-2 lesions), but these ‘minor’ forms of coeliac disease may have similar clinical manifestations to those with villous atrophy and may show similar clinical–histological remission with reversal of haematological or biochemical disturbances on a gluten-free diet (GFD).
- Ludvigsson JF, Card T, Ciclitira PJ, Swift GL, Nasr I, Sanders DS, Ciacci C (tháng 4 năm 2015). “Support for patients with celiac disease: A literature review”. United European Gastroenterology Journal (Review). 3 (2): 146–59. doi:10.1177/2050640614562599. PMC 4406900. PMID 25922674.
- van Heel DA, West J (tháng 7 năm 2006). “Recent advances in coeliac disease”. Gut (Review). 55 (7): 1037–46. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.075119. PMC 1856316. PMID 16766754.
- Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Barry MJ, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, Ebell M, Epling JW, Herzstein J, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phipps MG, Silverstein M, Simon MA, Tseng CW (tháng 3 năm 2017). “Screening for Celiac Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement”. JAMA. 317 (12): 1252–1257. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.1462. PMID 28350936.
- Lionetti E, Gatti S, Pulvirenti A, Catassi C (tháng 6 năm 2015). “Celiac disease from a global perspective”. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology (Review). 29 (3): 365–79. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.05.004. PMID 26060103.
- Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R (tháng 3 năm 2006). “Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease”. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 23 (5): 559–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x. PMID 16480395.
- Losowsky MS (2008). “A history of coeliac disease”. Digestive Diseases. 26 (2): 112–20. doi:10.1159/000116768. PMID 18431060.
- Schuppan D, Zimmer KP (tháng 12 năm 2013). “The diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease”. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 110 (49): 835–46. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0835. PMC 3884535. PMID 24355936.
- Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, Mearin ML (tháng 9 năm 2015). “Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood”. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 12 (9): 527–36. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.98. PMID 26100369.
- Ferguson R, Basu MK, Asquith P, Cooke WT (1976). “Jejunal mucosal abnormalities in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration”. Br Med J. 1 (6000): 11–13. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6000.11. PMC 1638254. PMID 1247715.
- Freeman HJ (tháng 12 năm 2009). “Adult Celiac Disease and Its Malignant Complications” (PDF). Gut and Liver. 3 (4): 237–46. doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.4.237. PMC 2852736. PMID 20431755. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 8 tháng 9 năm 2017.
- Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB (tháng 11 năm 2012). “Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment” (PDF). World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (42): 6036–59. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036. PMC 3496881. PMID 23155333. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 20 tháng 3 năm 2014.
- “American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Celiac Sprue”. Gastroenterology. 120 (6): 1522–5. 2001. doi:10.1053/gast.2001.24055. PMID 11313323.
- Cunningham-Rundles C (tháng 9 năm 2001). “Physiology of IgA and IgA deficiency”. J. Clin. Immunol. 21 (5): 303–9. doi:10.1023/A:1012241117984. PMID 11720003.
- Marks J, Shuster S, Watson AJ (1966). “Small-bowel changes in dermatitis herpetiformis”. Lancet. 2 (7476): 1280–2. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(66)91692-8. PMID 4163419.
- Nicolas ME, Krause PK, Gibson LE, Murray JA (tháng 8 năm 2003). “Dermatitis herpetiformis”. Int. J. Dermatol. 42 (8): 588–600. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01804.x. PMID 12890100.
- Tersigni C, Castellani R, de Waure C, Fattorossi A, De Spirito M, Gasbarrini A, Scambia G, Di Simone N (2014). “Celiac disease and reproductive disorders: meta-analysis of epidemiologic associations and potential pathogenic mechanisms”. Human Reproduction Update. 20 (4): 582–93. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu007. PMID 24619876.
- Ferguson A, Hutton MM, Maxwell JD, Murray D (1970). “Adult coeliac disease in hyposplenic patients”. Lancet. 1 (7639): 163–4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(70)90405-8. PMID 4189238.
- Kupfer SS, Jabri B (2012). “Pathophysiology of celiac disease”. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am (Review). 22 (4): 639–60. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2012.07.003. PMC 3872820. PMID 23083984.
Gluten comprises two different protein types, gliadins and glutenins, capable of triggering disease.
- Biesiekierski, Jessica R (2017). “What is gluten?”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 32: 78–81. doi:10.1111/jgh.13703. PMID 28244676.
Similar proteins to the gliadin found in wheat exist as secalin in rye, hordein in barley, and avenins in oats and are collectively referred to as "gluten." Derivatives of these grains such as triticale and malt and other ancient wheat varieties such as spelt and kamut also contain gluten. The gluten found in all of these grains has been identified as the component capable of triggering the immune-mediated disorder, coeliac disease.
- Kupper C (2005). “Dietary guidelines and implementation for celiac disease”. Gastroenterology. 128 (4 Suppl 1): S121–7. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.024. PMID 15825119.
- Penagini F, Dilillo D, Meneghin F, Mameli C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti GV (ngày 18 tháng 11 năm 2013). “Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet”. Nutrients. 5 (11): 4553–65. doi:10.3390/nu5114553. PMC 3847748. PMID 24253052.
- de Souza MC, Deschênes ME, Laurencelle S, Godet P, Roy CC, Djilali-Saiah I (2016). “Pure Oats as Part of the Canadian Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: The Need to Revisit the Issue”. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Review). 2016: 1576360. doi:10.1155/2016/1576360. PMC 4904650. PMID 27446824.
- Haboubi NY, Taylor S, Jones S (tháng 10 năm 2006). “Coeliac disease and oats: a systematic review”. Postgrad Med J (Review). 82 (972): 672–8. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.045443. PMC 2653911. PMID 17068278.
- Pinto-Sánchez MI, Verdu EF, Liu E, Bercik P, Green PH, Murray JA, Guandalini S, Moayyedi P (tháng 1 năm 2016). “Gluten Introduction to Infant Feeding and Risk of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. The Journal of Pediatrics. 168: 132–43.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.032. PMID 26500108.
- Ierodiakonou D, Garcia-Larsen V, Logan A, Groome A, Cunha S, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Jarrold K, Reeves T, Tagiyeva-Milne N, Nurmatov U, Trivella M, Leonardi-Bee J, Boyle RJ (tháng 9 năm 2016). “Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction to the Infant Diet and Risk of Allergic or Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. JAMA. 316 (11): 1181–1192. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.12623. PMID 27654604.
- Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF (tháng 1 năm 2006). “Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.082016. PMC 2083075. PMID 16287899.
- Lionetti E, Castellaneta S, Francavilla R, Pulvirenti A, Tonutti E, Amarri S, Barbato M, Barbera C, Barera G, Bellantoni A, Castellano E, Guariso G, Limongelli MG, Pellegrino S, Polloni C, Ughi C, Zuin G, Fasano A, Catassi C (tháng 10 năm 2014). “Introduction of gluten, HLA status, and the risk of celiac disease in children”. The New England Journal of Medicine (comparative study). 371 (14): 1295–303. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1400697. PMID 25271602.
espghan.org
- Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP, ESPGHAN Working Group on Coeliac Disease Diagnosis; ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (tháng 1 năm 2012). “European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease” (PDF). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (Practice Guideline). 54 (1): 136–60. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0. PMID 22197856. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 3 tháng 4 năm 2016.
Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. (...) atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms
gastrojournal.org
- Rostom A, Murray JA, Kagnoff MF (tháng 12 năm 2006). “American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease”. Gastroenterology (Review). 131 (6): 1981–2002. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.004. PMID 17087937.
nice.org.uk
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Fasano A (tháng 4 năm 2005). “Clinical presentation of celiac disease in the pediatric population”. Gastroenterology (Review). 128 (4 Suppl 1): S68-73. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.015. PMID 15825129.
- Lebwohl B, Ludvigsson JF, Green PH (tháng 10 năm 2015). “Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity”. BMJ (Review). 351: h4347. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4347. PMC 4596973. PMID 26438584.
Celiac disease occurs in about 1% of the population worldwide, although most people with the condition are undiagnosed. It can cause a wide variety of symptoms, both intestinal and extra-intestinal because it is a systemic autoimmune disease that is triggered by dietary gluten. Patients with coeliac disease are at increased risk of cancer, including a twofold to fourfold increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a more than 30-fold increased risk of small intestinal adenocarcinoma, and they have a 1.4-fold increased risk of death.
- Lundin KE, Wijmenga C (tháng 9 năm 2015). “Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening”. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 12 (9): 507–15. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136. PMID 26303674.
The abnormal immunological response elicited by gluten-derived proteins can lead to the production of several different autoantibodies, which affect different systems.
- Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Cangemi GC, Pohanka M, Betti E, Lauret E, Rodrigo L (ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2015). “The Spectrum of Differences between Childhood and Adulthood Celiac Disease”. Nutrients (Review). 7 (10): 8733–51. doi:10.3390/nu7105426. PMC 4632446. PMID 26506381.
Several additional studies in extensive series of coeliac patients have clearly shown that TG2A sensitivity varies depending on the severity of duodenal damage, and reaches almost 100% in the presence of complete villous atrophy (more common in children under three years), 70% for subtotal atrophy, and up to 30% when only an increase in IELs is present. (IELs: intraepithelial lymphocytes)
- Lionetti E, Francavilla R, Pavone P, Pavone L, Francavilla T, Pulvirenti A, Giugno R, Ruggieri M (tháng 8 năm 2010). “The neurology of coeliac disease in childhood: what is the evidence? A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 52 (8): 700–7. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03647.x. PMID 20345955.
- Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP, ESPGHAN Working Group on Coeliac Disease Diagnosis; ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (tháng 1 năm 2012). “European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease” (PDF). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (Practice Guideline). 54 (1): 136–60. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0. PMID 22197856. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 3 tháng 4 năm 2016.
Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. (...) atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms
- Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, Negrini G, Paterini P, Bolondi L (tháng 3 năm 2015). “Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders”. World Journal of Clinical Cases (Review). 3 (3): 275–84. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
- Vivas S, Vaquero L, Rodríguez-Martín L, Caminero A (tháng 11 năm 2015). “Age-related differences in celiac disease: Specific characteristics of adult presentation”. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Review). 6 (4): 207–12. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.207. PMC 4635160. PMID 26558154.
In addition, the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis and/or villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia of small-bowel mucosa, and clinical remission after withdrawal of gluten from the diet, are also used for diagnosis antitransglutaminase antibody (tTGA) titers and the degree of histological lesions inversely correlate with age. Thus, as the age of diagnosis increases antibody titers decrease and histological damage is less marked. It is common to find adults without villous atrophy showing only an inflammatory pattern in duodenal mucosa biopsies: Lymphocytic enteritis (Marsh I) or added crypt hyperplasia (Marsh II)
- See JA, Kaukinen K, Makharia GK, Gibson PR, Murray JA (tháng 10 năm 2015). “Practical insights into gluten-free diets”. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 12 (10): 580–91. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.156. PMID 26392070.
A lack of symptoms and/or negative serological markers are not reliable indicators of mucosal response to the diet. Furthermore, up to 30% of patients continue to have gastrointestinal symptoms despite a strict GFD.122,124 If adherence is questioned, a structured interview by a qualified dietitian can help to identify both intentional and inadvertent sources of gluten.
- Fasano A, Catassi C (tháng 12 năm 2012). “Clinical practice. Celiac disease”. The New England Journal of Medicine (Review). 367 (25): 2419–26. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1113994. PMID 23252527.
- Newnham, Evan D (2017). “Coeliac disease in the 21st century: Paradigm shifts in the modern age”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 32: 82–85. doi:10.1111/jgh.13704. PMID 28244672.
Presentation of CD with malabsorptive symptoms or malnutrition is now the exception rather than the rule.
- Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K (2011). “Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity”. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench (Review). 4 (3): 102–8. PMC 4017418. PMID 24834166.
- Tonutti E, Bizzaro N (2014). “Diagnosis and classification of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity”. Autoimmun Rev (Review). 13 (4–5): 472–6. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.043. PMID 24440147.
- Penagini F, Dilillo D, Meneghin F, Mameli C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti GV (tháng 11 năm 2013). “Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet”. Nutrients (Review). 5 (11): 4553–65. doi:10.3390/nu5114553. PMC 3847748. PMID 24253052.
- Di Sabatino A, Corazza GR (tháng 4 năm 2009). “Coeliac disease”. Lancet. 373 (9673): 1480–93. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60254-3. PMID 19394538.
- Pinto-Sánchez MI, Causada-Calo N, Bercik P, Ford AC, Murray JA, Armstrong D, Semrad C, Kupfer SS, Alaedini A, Moayyedi P, Leffler DA, Verdú EF, Green P (tháng 8 năm 2017). “Safety of Adding Oats to a Gluten-Free Diet for Patients With Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Observational Studies”. Gastroenterology. 153 (2): 395–409.e3. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.009. PMID 28431885.
- Comino I, Moreno M, Sousa C (tháng 11 năm 2015). “Role of oats in celiac disease”. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 21 (41): 11825–31. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11825. PMC 4631980. PMID 26557006.
It is necessary to consider that oats include many varieties, containing various amino acid sequences and showing different immunoreactivities associated with toxic prolamins. As a result, several studies have shown that the immunogenicity of oats varies depending on the cultivar consumed. Thus, it is essential to thoroughly study the variety of oats used in a food ingredient before including it in a gluten-free diet.
- Matthias T, Pfeiffer S, Selmi C, Eric Gershwin M (tháng 4 năm 2010). “Diagnostic challenges in celiac disease and the role of the tissue transglutaminase-neo-epitope”. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol (Review). 38 (2–3): 298–301. doi:10.1007/s12016-009-8160-z. PMID 19629760.
- Lewis NR, Scott BB (tháng 7 năm 2006). “Systematic review: the use of serology to exclude or diagnose coeliac disease (a comparison of the endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests)”. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02967.x. PMID 16803602.
- Rostom A, Murray JA, Kagnoff MF (tháng 12 năm 2006). “American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease”. Gastroenterology (Review). 131 (6): 1981–2002. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.10.004. PMID 17087937.
- Molina-Infante J, Santolaria S, Sanders DS, Fernández-Bañares F (tháng 5 năm 2015). “Systematic review: noncoeliac gluten sensitivity”. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Review). 41 (9): 807–20. doi:10.1111/apt.13155. PMID 25753138.
Furthermore, seronegativity is more common in coeliac disease patients without villous atrophy (Marsh 1-2 lesions), but these ‘minor’ forms of coeliac disease may have similar clinical manifestations to those with villous atrophy and may show similar clinical–histological remission with reversal of haematological or biochemical disturbances on a gluten-free diet (GFD).
- Ludvigsson JF, Card T, Ciclitira PJ, Swift GL, Nasr I, Sanders DS, Ciacci C (tháng 4 năm 2015). “Support for patients with celiac disease: A literature review”. United European Gastroenterology Journal (Review). 3 (2): 146–59. doi:10.1177/2050640614562599. PMC 4406900. PMID 25922674.
- van Heel DA, West J (tháng 7 năm 2006). “Recent advances in coeliac disease”. Gut (Review). 55 (7): 1037–46. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.075119. PMC 1856316. PMID 16766754.
- Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Barry MJ, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, Ebell M, Epling JW, Herzstein J, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phipps MG, Silverstein M, Simon MA, Tseng CW (tháng 3 năm 2017). “Screening for Celiac Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement”. JAMA. 317 (12): 1252–1257. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.1462. PMID 28350936.
- Lionetti E, Gatti S, Pulvirenti A, Catassi C (tháng 6 năm 2015). “Celiac disease from a global perspective”. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology (Review). 29 (3): 365–79. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.05.004. PMID 26060103.
- Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R (tháng 3 năm 2006). “Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease”. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 23 (5): 559–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x. PMID 16480395.
- Losowsky MS (2008). “A history of coeliac disease”. Digestive Diseases. 26 (2): 112–20. doi:10.1159/000116768. PMID 18431060.
- Schuppan D, Zimmer KP (tháng 12 năm 2013). “The diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease”. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 110 (49): 835–46. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0835. PMC 3884535. PMID 24355936.
- Vriezinga SL, Schweizer JJ, Koning F, Mearin ML (tháng 9 năm 2015). “Coeliac disease and gluten-related disorders in childhood”. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 12 (9): 527–36. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.98. PMID 26100369.
- Ferguson R, Basu MK, Asquith P, Cooke WT (1976). “Jejunal mucosal abnormalities in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration”. Br Med J. 1 (6000): 11–13. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6000.11. PMC 1638254. PMID 1247715.
- Freeman HJ (tháng 12 năm 2009). “Adult Celiac Disease and Its Malignant Complications” (PDF). Gut and Liver. 3 (4): 237–46. doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.4.237. PMC 2852736. PMID 20431755. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 8 tháng 9 năm 2017.
- Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB (tháng 11 năm 2012). “Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment” (PDF). World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (42): 6036–59. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036. PMC 3496881. PMID 23155333. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 20 tháng 3 năm 2014.
- “American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Celiac Sprue”. Gastroenterology. 120 (6): 1522–5. 2001. doi:10.1053/gast.2001.24055. PMID 11313323.
- Presutti RJ, Cangemi JR, Cassidy HD, Hill DA (2007). “Celiac disease”. Am Fam Physician. 76 (12): 1795–802. PMID 18217518. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 19 tháng 4 năm 2021. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 10 năm 2018.
- Cunningham-Rundles C (tháng 9 năm 2001). “Physiology of IgA and IgA deficiency”. J. Clin. Immunol. 21 (5): 303–9. doi:10.1023/A:1012241117984. PMID 11720003.
- Marks J, Shuster S, Watson AJ (1966). “Small-bowel changes in dermatitis herpetiformis”. Lancet. 2 (7476): 1280–2. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(66)91692-8. PMID 4163419.
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- Tersigni C, Castellani R, de Waure C, Fattorossi A, De Spirito M, Gasbarrini A, Scambia G, Di Simone N (2014). “Celiac disease and reproductive disorders: meta-analysis of epidemiologic associations and potential pathogenic mechanisms”. Human Reproduction Update. 20 (4): 582–93. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu007. PMID 24619876.
- Ferguson A, Hutton MM, Maxwell JD, Murray D (1970). “Adult coeliac disease in hyposplenic patients”. Lancet. 1 (7639): 163–4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(70)90405-8. PMID 4189238.
- Kupfer SS, Jabri B (2012). “Pathophysiology of celiac disease”. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am (Review). 22 (4): 639–60. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2012.07.003. PMC 3872820. PMID 23083984.
Gluten comprises two different protein types, gliadins and glutenins, capable of triggering disease.
- Biesiekierski, Jessica R (2017). “What is gluten?”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 32: 78–81. doi:10.1111/jgh.13703. PMID 28244676.
Similar proteins to the gliadin found in wheat exist as secalin in rye, hordein in barley, and avenins in oats and are collectively referred to as "gluten." Derivatives of these grains such as triticale and malt and other ancient wheat varieties such as spelt and kamut also contain gluten. The gluten found in all of these grains has been identified as the component capable of triggering the immune-mediated disorder, coeliac disease.
- Kupper C (2005). “Dietary guidelines and implementation for celiac disease”. Gastroenterology. 128 (4 Suppl 1): S121–7. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.024. PMID 15825119.
- Penagini F, Dilillo D, Meneghin F, Mameli C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti GV (ngày 18 tháng 11 năm 2013). “Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet”. Nutrients. 5 (11): 4553–65. doi:10.3390/nu5114553. PMC 3847748. PMID 24253052.
- de Souza MC, Deschênes ME, Laurencelle S, Godet P, Roy CC, Djilali-Saiah I (2016). “Pure Oats as Part of the Canadian Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: The Need to Revisit the Issue”. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Review). 2016: 1576360. doi:10.1155/2016/1576360. PMC 4904650. PMID 27446824.
- Haboubi NY, Taylor S, Jones S (tháng 10 năm 2006). “Coeliac disease and oats: a systematic review”. Postgrad Med J (Review). 82 (972): 672–8. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.045443. PMC 2653911. PMID 17068278.
- Pinto-Sánchez MI, Verdu EF, Liu E, Bercik P, Green PH, Murray JA, Guandalini S, Moayyedi P (tháng 1 năm 2016). “Gluten Introduction to Infant Feeding and Risk of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. The Journal of Pediatrics. 168: 132–43.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.032. PMID 26500108.
- Ierodiakonou D, Garcia-Larsen V, Logan A, Groome A, Cunha S, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Jarrold K, Reeves T, Tagiyeva-Milne N, Nurmatov U, Trivella M, Leonardi-Bee J, Boyle RJ (tháng 9 năm 2016). “Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction to the Infant Diet and Risk of Allergic or Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. JAMA. 316 (11): 1181–1192. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.12623. PMID 27654604.
- Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF (tháng 1 năm 2006). “Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.082016. PMC 2083075. PMID 16287899.
- Lionetti E, Castellaneta S, Francavilla R, Pulvirenti A, Tonutti E, Amarri S, Barbato M, Barbera C, Barera G, Bellantoni A, Castellano E, Guariso G, Limongelli MG, Pellegrino S, Polloni C, Ughi C, Zuin G, Fasano A, Catassi C (tháng 10 năm 2014). “Introduction of gluten, HLA status, and the risk of celiac disease in children”. The New England Journal of Medicine (comparative study). 371 (14): 1295–303. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1400697. PMID 25271602.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Lebwohl B, Ludvigsson JF, Green PH (tháng 10 năm 2015). “Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity”. BMJ (Review). 351: h4347. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4347. PMC 4596973. PMID 26438584.
Celiac disease occurs in about 1% of the population worldwide, although most people with the condition are undiagnosed. It can cause a wide variety of symptoms, both intestinal and extra-intestinal because it is a systemic autoimmune disease that is triggered by dietary gluten. Patients with coeliac disease are at increased risk of cancer, including a twofold to fourfold increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a more than 30-fold increased risk of small intestinal adenocarcinoma, and they have a 1.4-fold increased risk of death.
- Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Cangemi GC, Pohanka M, Betti E, Lauret E, Rodrigo L (ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2015). “The Spectrum of Differences between Childhood and Adulthood Celiac Disease”. Nutrients (Review). 7 (10): 8733–51. doi:10.3390/nu7105426. PMC 4632446. PMID 26506381.
Several additional studies in extensive series of coeliac patients have clearly shown that TG2A sensitivity varies depending on the severity of duodenal damage, and reaches almost 100% in the presence of complete villous atrophy (more common in children under three years), 70% for subtotal atrophy, and up to 30% when only an increase in IELs is present. (IELs: intraepithelial lymphocytes)
- Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, Negrini G, Paterini P, Bolondi L (tháng 3 năm 2015). “Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders”. World Journal of Clinical Cases (Review). 3 (3): 275–84. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
- Vivas S, Vaquero L, Rodríguez-Martín L, Caminero A (tháng 11 năm 2015). “Age-related differences in celiac disease: Specific characteristics of adult presentation”. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Review). 6 (4): 207–12. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.207. PMC 4635160. PMID 26558154.
In addition, the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis and/or villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia of small-bowel mucosa, and clinical remission after withdrawal of gluten from the diet, are also used for diagnosis antitransglutaminase antibody (tTGA) titers and the degree of histological lesions inversely correlate with age. Thus, as the age of diagnosis increases antibody titers decrease and histological damage is less marked. It is common to find adults without villous atrophy showing only an inflammatory pattern in duodenal mucosa biopsies: Lymphocytic enteritis (Marsh I) or added crypt hyperplasia (Marsh II)
- Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K (2011). “Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity”. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench (Review). 4 (3): 102–8. PMC 4017418. PMID 24834166.
- Penagini F, Dilillo D, Meneghin F, Mameli C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti GV (tháng 11 năm 2013). “Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet”. Nutrients (Review). 5 (11): 4553–65. doi:10.3390/nu5114553. PMC 3847748. PMID 24253052.
- Comino I, Moreno M, Sousa C (tháng 11 năm 2015). “Role of oats in celiac disease”. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 21 (41): 11825–31. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11825. PMC 4631980. PMID 26557006.
It is necessary to consider that oats include many varieties, containing various amino acid sequences and showing different immunoreactivities associated with toxic prolamins. As a result, several studies have shown that the immunogenicity of oats varies depending on the cultivar consumed. Thus, it is essential to thoroughly study the variety of oats used in a food ingredient before including it in a gluten-free diet.
- Ludvigsson JF, Card T, Ciclitira PJ, Swift GL, Nasr I, Sanders DS, Ciacci C (tháng 4 năm 2015). “Support for patients with celiac disease: A literature review”. United European Gastroenterology Journal (Review). 3 (2): 146–59. doi:10.1177/2050640614562599. PMC 4406900. PMID 25922674.
- van Heel DA, West J (tháng 7 năm 2006). “Recent advances in coeliac disease”. Gut (Review). 55 (7): 1037–46. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.075119. PMC 1856316. PMID 16766754.
- Schuppan D, Zimmer KP (tháng 12 năm 2013). “The diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease”. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 110 (49): 835–46. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0835. PMC 3884535. PMID 24355936.
- Ferguson R, Basu MK, Asquith P, Cooke WT (1976). “Jejunal mucosal abnormalities in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration”. Br Med J. 1 (6000): 11–13. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6000.11. PMC 1638254. PMID 1247715.
- Freeman HJ (tháng 12 năm 2009). “Adult Celiac Disease and Its Malignant Complications” (PDF). Gut and Liver. 3 (4): 237–46. doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.4.237. PMC 2852736. PMID 20431755. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 8 tháng 9 năm 2017.
- Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB (tháng 11 năm 2012). “Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment” (PDF). World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (42): 6036–59. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036. PMC 3496881. PMID 23155333. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 20 tháng 3 năm 2014.
- Kupfer SS, Jabri B (2012). “Pathophysiology of celiac disease”. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am (Review). 22 (4): 639–60. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2012.07.003. PMC 3872820. PMID 23083984.
Gluten comprises two different protein types, gliadins and glutenins, capable of triggering disease.
- Penagini F, Dilillo D, Meneghin F, Mameli C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti GV (ngày 18 tháng 11 năm 2013). “Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet”. Nutrients. 5 (11): 4553–65. doi:10.3390/nu5114553. PMC 3847748. PMID 24253052.
- de Souza MC, Deschênes ME, Laurencelle S, Godet P, Roy CC, Djilali-Saiah I (2016). “Pure Oats as Part of the Canadian Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: The Need to Revisit the Issue”. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol (Review). 2016: 1576360. doi:10.1155/2016/1576360. PMC 4904650. PMID 27446824.
- Haboubi NY, Taylor S, Jones S (tháng 10 năm 2006). “Coeliac disease and oats: a systematic review”. Postgrad Med J (Review). 82 (972): 672–8. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.045443. PMC 2653911. PMID 17068278.
- Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF (tháng 1 năm 2006). “Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.082016. PMC 2083075. PMID 16287899.
niddk.nih.gov
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- “Celiac Disease”. NIDDKD. tháng 6 năm 2015. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 13 tháng 3 năm 2016. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2016.
web.archive.org
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- “Celiac disease”. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. tháng 7 năm 2016. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2017. Truy cập ngày 23 tháng 4 năm 2017.
- Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP, ESPGHAN Working Group on Coeliac Disease Diagnosis; ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (tháng 1 năm 2012). “European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease” (PDF). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (Practice Guideline). 54 (1): 136–60. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0. PMID 22197856. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 3 tháng 4 năm 2016.
Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. (...) atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms
- “Celiac Disease”. NIDDKD. tháng 6 năm 2015. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 13 tháng 3 năm 2016. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2016.
- Freeman HJ (tháng 12 năm 2009). “Adult Celiac Disease and Its Malignant Complications” (PDF). Gut and Liver. 3 (4): 237–46. doi:10.5009/gnl.2009.3.4.237. PMC 2852736. PMID 20431755. Lưu trữ (PDF) bản gốc ngày 8 tháng 9 năm 2017.
- Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB (tháng 11 năm 2012). “Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment” (PDF). World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (42): 6036–59. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036. PMC 3496881. PMID 23155333. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 20 tháng 3 năm 2014.
- Presutti RJ, Cangemi JR, Cassidy HD, Hill DA (2007). “Celiac disease”. Am Fam Physician. 76 (12): 1795–802. PMID 18217518. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 19 tháng 4 năm 2021. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 10 năm 2018.
- Gallagher, Eimear (2009). Gluten-free Food Science and Technology. Published by John Wiley and Sons. tr. 320. ISBN 978-1-4051-5915-9. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 17 tháng 6 năm 2009.
- “The Gluten Connection”. Health Canada. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 5 tháng 7 năm 2017. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 10 năm 2013.
wiley.com
eu.wiley.com
- Gallagher, Eimear (2009). Gluten-free Food Science and Technology. Published by John Wiley and Sons. tr. 320. ISBN 978-1-4051-5915-9. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 17 tháng 6 năm 2009.
wjgnet.com
- Gujral N, Freeman HJ, Thomson AB (tháng 11 năm 2012). “Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment” (PDF). World Journal of Gastroenterology. 18 (42): 6036–59. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6036. PMC 3496881. PMID 23155333. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 20 tháng 3 năm 2014.
worldgastroenterology.org
- “Celiac disease”. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. tháng 7 năm 2016. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2017. Truy cập ngày 23 tháng 4 năm 2017.