Kanamori 2003, p. 1205. See also ICEF 2011, (p. 327), which distinguishes between predictions (as deterministic) and forecasts (as probabilistic). Not all scientists distinguish "prediction" and "forecast", but it is useful, and will be observed in this article. Kanamori, Hiroo (2003), “Earthquake Prediction: An Overview”, International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, International Geophysics, 616: 1205–1216, doi:10.1016/s0074-6142(03)80186-9, ISBN0-12-440658-0. International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (ICEF) (30 tháng 5 năm 2011). “Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization”. Annals of Geophysics. 54 (4): 315–391. doi:10.4401/ag-5350.
Kagan 1997b; Geller 1997. See also Nature Debates; Uyeda, Nagao & Kamogawa 2009. "...at the present stage, the general view on short-term prediction is overly pessimistic. There are reasons for this pessimism because mere conventional seismological approach is not efficient for this aim. Overturning this situation is possible only through multi-disciplinary science. Despite fairly abundant circumstantial evidence, pre-seismic EM signals have not yet been adequately accepted as real physical quantities." Geller, Robert J. (tháng 12 năm 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review.”(PDF), Geophysical Journal International, 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x[liên kết hỏng] Uyeda, Seiya; Nagao, Toshiyasu; Kamogawa, Masashi (29 tháng 5 năm 2009), “Short-term earthquake prediction: Current status of seismo-electromagnetics”, Tectonophysics, 470 (3–4): 205–213, Bibcode:2009Tectp.470..205U, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.019.
Kagan 1997b; Geller 1997. See also Nature Debates; Uyeda, Nagao & Kamogawa 2009. "...at the present stage, the general view on short-term prediction is overly pessimistic. There are reasons for this pessimism because mere conventional seismological approach is not efficient for this aim. Overturning this situation is possible only through multi-disciplinary science. Despite fairly abundant circumstantial evidence, pre-seismic EM signals have not yet been adequately accepted as real physical quantities." Geller, Robert J. (tháng 12 năm 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review.”(PDF), Geophysical Journal International, 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x[liên kết hỏng] Uyeda, Seiya; Nagao, Toshiyasu; Kamogawa, Masashi (29 tháng 5 năm 2009), “Short-term earthquake prediction: Current status of seismo-electromagnetics”, Tectonophysics, 470 (3–4): 205–213, Bibcode:2009Tectp.470..205U, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.019.
Kagan 1997b; Geller 1997. See also Nature Debates; Uyeda, Nagao & Kamogawa 2009. "...at the present stage, the general view on short-term prediction is overly pessimistic. There are reasons for this pessimism because mere conventional seismological approach is not efficient for this aim. Overturning this situation is possible only through multi-disciplinary science. Despite fairly abundant circumstantial evidence, pre-seismic EM signals have not yet been adequately accepted as real physical quantities." Geller, Robert J. (tháng 12 năm 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review.”(PDF), Geophysical Journal International, 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x[liên kết hỏng] Uyeda, Seiya; Nagao, Toshiyasu; Kamogawa, Masashi (29 tháng 5 năm 2009), “Short-term earthquake prediction: Current status of seismo-electromagnetics”, Tectonophysics, 470 (3–4): 205–213, Bibcode:2009Tectp.470..205U, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.019.
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Hall S. S., 2011. Scientists on trial: At fault?. Nature 477 (7364), p. 264–269. Bibcode:2011Natur.477..264H. doi:10.1038/477264a. PMID 21921895.
Kagan 1997b; Geller 1997. See also Nature Debates; Uyeda, Nagao & Kamogawa 2009. "...at the present stage, the general view on short-term prediction is overly pessimistic. There are reasons for this pessimism because mere conventional seismological approach is not efficient for this aim. Overturning this situation is possible only through multi-disciplinary science. Despite fairly abundant circumstantial evidence, pre-seismic EM signals have not yet been adequately accepted as real physical quantities." Geller, Robert J. (tháng 12 năm 1997), “Earthquake prediction: a critical review.”(PDF), Geophysical Journal International, 131 (3): 425–450, Bibcode:1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x[liên kết hỏng] Uyeda, Seiya; Nagao, Toshiyasu; Kamogawa, Masashi (29 tháng 5 năm 2009), “Short-term earthquake prediction: Current status of seismo-electromagnetics”, Tectonophysics, 470 (3–4): 205–213, Bibcode:2009Tectp.470..205U, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.019.
