Iran (Vietnamese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Iran" in Vietnamese language version.

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  • American Heritage Dictionary (Fourth Edition), Bartleby.com. "Aryan". Truy cập 14 tháng 4 năm 2006.

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  • Jeroen Temperman (2010). State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance. Brill. tr. 87–. ISBN 978-90-04-18148-9. The official motto of Iran is Takbir ("God is the Greatest" or "God is Great"). Transliteration Allahu Akbar. As referred to in art. 18 of the constitution of Iran (1979). The de facto motto however is: "Independence, freedom, the Islamic Republic."
  • Sarkhosh Curtis, Vesta; Stewart, Sarah (2005), Birth of the Persian Empire: The Idea of Iran, London: I.B. Tauris, tr. 108, ISBN 9781845110628, Similarly the collapse of Sassanian Eranshahr in AD 650 did not end Iranians' national idea. The name "Iran" disappeared from official records of the Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Saljuqs and their successor. But one unofficially used the name Iran, Eranshahr, and similar national designations, particularly Mamalek-e Iran or "Iranian lands", which exactly translated the old Avestan term Ariyanam Daihunam. On the other hand, when the Safavids (not Reza Shah, as is popularly assumed) revived a national state officially known as Iran, bureaucratic usage in the Ottoman empire and even Iran itself could still refer to it by other descriptive and traditional appellations.
  • Andrew J. Newman (ngày 21 tháng 4 năm 2006). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-667-6. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 6 năm 2013.
  • Lowell Barrington (tháng 1 năm 2012). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices, 2nd ed.tr: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. tr. 121. ISBN 978-1-111-34193-0. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 6 năm 2013.
  • David Sacks; Oswyn Murray; Lisa R. Brody; Oswyn Murray; Lisa R. Brody (2005). Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world. Infobase Publishing. tr. 256 (at the right portion of the page). ISBN 978-0-8160-5722-1. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 8 năm 2016.
  • Sarkhosh Curtis, Vesta; Stewart, Sarah (2005), Birth of the Persian Empire: The Idea of Iran, Luân Đôn: I.B. Tauris, tr. 108, Similarly the collapse of Sassanian Eranshahr in AD 650 did not end Iranians' national idea. The name "Iran" disappeared from official records of the Saffarids, Samanids, Buyids, Saljuqs and their successor. But one unofficially used the name Iran, Eranshahr, and similar national designations, particularly Mamalek-e Iran or "Iranian lands", which exactly translated the old Avestan term Ariyanam Daihunam. On the other hand, when the Safavids (not Reza Shah, as is popularly assumed) revived a national state officially known as Iran, bureaucratic usage in the Ottoman empire and even Iran itself could still refer to it by other descriptive and traditional appellations.Quản lý CS1: nhiều tên: danh sách tác giả (liên kết)
  • Axworthy, Door Michael (2006). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 5 năm 2014.
  • Dowling, Timothy C. (ngày 2 tháng 12 năm 2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO. tr. 728–730. ISBN 1598849484.
  • Cordesman, Anthony H. (1999). Iran's Military Forces in Transition: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction. tr. 22.
  • K K Goswami (2009). Advances in Carpet Manufacture. Elsevier. tr. 148. ISBN 978-1-84569-585-9.

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  • Freedom House (2017). “Iran”. Freedom in the World 2017. Freedom House. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 17 tháng 5 năm 2017. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 5 năm 2017. The Islamic Republic of Iran holds elections regularly, but they fall short of democratic standards due to the role of the hard-line Guardian Council, which disqualifies all candidates deemed insufficiently loyal to the clerical establishment. Ultimate power rests in the hands of the country's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and the unelected institutions under his control. Human rights abuses continued unabated in 2016, with the authorities carrying out Iran's largest mass execution in years and launching a renewed crackdown on women's rights activists. The regime maintained restrictions on freedom of expression, both offline and online, and made further arrests of journalists, bloggers, labor union activists, and dual nationals visiting the country, with some facing heavy prison sentences. Hard-liners in control of powerful institutions, including the judiciary and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), were behind many of the year's abuses. There were no indications that President Hassan Rouhani, a self-proclaimed moderate seeking reelection in 2017, was willing or able to push back against repressive forces and deliver the greater social freedoms he had promised. Opposition leaders Mir Hossein Mousavi, his wife Zahra Rahnavard, and reformist cleric Mehdi Karroubi remained under house arrest for a sixth year without being formally charged or put on trial. As in 2015, the media were barred from quoting or reporting on former president Mohammad Khatami, another important reformist figure.

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  • “Iran Guide”. National Geographic. ngày 14 tháng 6 năm 2013. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 12 tháng 12 năm 2009. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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  • Department of Languages and Cultures of Asia, University of Wisconsin. "Iranian Languages". Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 19 tháng 6 năm 2006. Truy cập 14 tháng 4 năm 2006.

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