↓ French historian Jean Dumont in La "imcomparable" Isabel la Catolica/ The incomparable Isabel the Catholic, Encuentro Ediciones, printed by Rogar-Fuenlabrada, Madrid, 1993 (Spanish edition), p. 49: "...But in the left [Portuguese] Wing, in front of the Asturians and Galician, the reinforcement army of the Prince heir of Portugal, well provided with artillery, could leave the battlefield with its head high. The battle resulted this way, inconclusive. But its global result stays after that decided by the withdraw of the Portugal's King, the surrender... of the Zamora's fortress on March 19, and the multiple adhesions of the nobles to the young princes."
↓ French historian Joseph-Louis Desormeaux: "... The result of the battle was very uncertain; Ferdinand defeated the enemy's right wing led by Alfonso, but the Prince had the same advantage over the Castilians." In
Abrégé chronologique de l'histoire de l'Éspagne, Duchesne, Paris, 1758, 3rd Tome, p. 25.
Battle of Guinea: ↓ Alonso de Palencia, Década IV, Book XXXIII, Chapter V ("Disaster among those sent to the mines of gold [Guinea]. Charges against the King..."), pp. 91–94. This was a decisive battle because after it, in spite of the Catholic Monarchs' attempts, they were unable to send new fleets to Guinea, Canary or to any part of the Portuguese empire until the end of the war. The Perfect Prince sent an order to drown any Castilian crew captured in Guinea waters. Even the Castilian navies which left Guinea before the signature of the peace treaty had to pay the tax ("quinto") to the Portuguese crown when they returned to Castile after the peace treaty. Isabella had to ask permission of Afonso V so that this tax could be paid in Castilian harbours. Naturally all this caused a grudge against the Catholic Monarchs in Andalusia.
↓ Bailey W. Diffie and George D. Winius "In a war in which the Castilians were victorious on land and the Portuguese at sea,..." in Foundations of the Portuguese empire 1415–1580, volume I, University of Minnesota Press, 1985, p. 152.
Gerli, E. Michael; Armistead, Samuel G. (2003). Medieval Iberia. Taylor & Francis. tr. 182. ISBN9780415939188. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 5 năm 2018.
↓ Vicente Álvarez Palenzuela- La guerra civil Castellana y el enfrentamiento con Portugal (1475–1479): "That is the battle of Toro. The Portuguese army had not been exactly defeated, however, the sensation was that D. Juana's cause had completely sunk. It made sense that for the Castilians Toro was considered as the divine retribution, the compensation desired by God to compensate the terrible disaster of Aljubarrota, still alive in the Castilian memory".
csic.es
bddoc.csic.es
↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro]." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista ToletumLưu trữ 2012-03-12 tại Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70Lưu trữ 2016-01-29 tại Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310Lưu trữ 2011-09-30 tại Wayback Machine
google.com
↓ Historian Malyn Newitt: "However, in 1478 the Portuguese surprised thirty-five Castilian ships returning from Mina [Guinea] and seized them and all their gold. Another...Castilian voyage to Mina, that of Eustache de la Fosse, was intercepted... in 1480. (...) All things considered, it is not surprising that the Portuguese emerged victorious from this first maritime colonial war. They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets, and had clear central direction from... [Prince] John." In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400–1668, Routledge, New York, 2005, pp. 39–40.
↓ Bailey W. Diffie and George D. Winius "In a war in which the Castilians were victorious on land and the Portuguese at sea,..." in Foundations of the Portuguese empire 1415–1580, volume I, University of Minnesota Press, 1985, p. 152.
gutenberg.org
↓ Pina, Chronica de El-Rei D. Affonso V, 3rd book, chapter CXCIV (Editorial error: Chapter CXCIV erroneously appears as Chapter CLXIV.Reports the end of the siege of Ceuta by the arrival of the fleet with Afonso V).
realacademiatoledo.es
↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro]." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista ToletumLưu trữ 2012-03-12 tại Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70Lưu trữ 2016-01-29 tại Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310Lưu trữ 2011-09-30 tại Wayback Machine
↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro]." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista ToletumLưu trữ 2012-03-12 tại Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70Lưu trữ 2016-01-29 tại Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310Lưu trữ 2011-09-30 tại Wayback Machine
ucm.es
revistas.ucm.es
↓ Quesada, Portugueses en la frontera de Granada, 2000, p. 98. In 1476 Ceuta was simultaneously besieged by the moors and a Castilian army led by the Duke of Medina Sidónia. The Castilians conquered the city from the Portuguese who took refuge in the inner fortress, but a Portuguese fleet arrived "in extremis" and regained the city. A Ceuta dominated by the Castilians would certainly have forced the right to conquer Fez (Morocco) to be shared between Portugal and Castile instead of the monopoly the Portuguese acquired.
unirioja.es
dialnet.unirioja.es
↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro]." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista ToletumLưu trữ 2012-03-12 tại Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70Lưu trữ 2016-01-29 tại Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310Lưu trữ 2011-09-30 tại Wayback Machine
↓ Spanish academic Rafael Dominguez Casas: "...San Juan de los Reyes resulted from the royal will to build a monastery to commemorate the victory in a battle with an uncertain outcome but decisive, the one fought in Toro in 1476, which consolidated the union of the two most important Peninsular Kingdoms." In San Juan de los reyes: espacio funerário y aposento régio in Boletín del Seminário de Estúdios de Arte y Arqueologia, number 56, p. 364, 1990.
web.archive.org
↓ Spanish academic António M. Serrano: " From all of this it is deductible that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory. (...) Actually, since this battle transformed in victory; since ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 1476, Isabella and Ferdinand started to rule in the Spain's throne. (...) The inconclusive wings of the battle became the secure and powerful wings of San Juan's eagle [the commemorative temple of the Battle of Toro]." in San Juan de los Reyes y la batalla de Toro, revista ToletumLưu trữ 2012-03-12 tại Wayback Machine, segunda época, 1979 (9), pp. 55–70Lưu trữ 2016-01-29 tại Wayback Machine. Real Academia de Bellas Artes y Ciencias Históricas de Toledo, Toledo. ISSN: 0210-6310Lưu trữ 2011-09-30 tại Wayback Machine
↓ A. Ballesteros Beretta: "His moment is the inconclusive Battle of Toro.(...) both sides attributed themselves the victory.... The letters written by the King [Ferdinand] to the main cities... are a model of skill. (...) what a powerful description of the battle! The nebulous transforms into light, the doubtful acquires the profile of a certain triumph. The politic [Ferdinand] achieved the fruits of a discussed victory." In Fernando el Católico, el mejor rey de España, Ejército revue, nr 16, p. 56, May 1941.
Princess of Isabella's coat of arms with crest: García-Menacho Osset, Eduardo (2010). “El origen militar de los símbolos de España. El escudo de España” [Military Origin of Symbols of Spain. The Coat of Arms of Spain]. Revista de Historia Militar (bằng tiếng Tây Ban Nha) (Extra): 387. ISSN0482-5748.
