Leo Apostel (1961). "Formal study of models". In: The Concept and the Role of the Model in Mathematics and Natural and Social. Edited by Hans Freudenthal. Springer. pp. 8–9 (Source)],
doi.org
Namdar, Bahadir; Shen, Ji (ngày 18 tháng 2 năm 2015). “Modeling-Oriented Assessment in K-12 Science Education: A synthesis of research from 1980 to 2013 and new directions”. International Journal of Science Education. 37 (7): 993–1023. doi:10.1080/09500693.2015.1012185. ISSN0950-0693.
Frigg and Hartmann (2009) state: "Philosophers are acknowledging the importance of models with increasing attention and are probing the assorted roles that models play in scientific practice". Source: Frigg, Roman and Hartmann, Stephan, "Models in Science", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), (source)
Namdar, Bahadir; Shen, Ji (ngày 18 tháng 2 năm 2015). “Modeling-Oriented Assessment in K-12 Science Education: A synthesis of research from 1980 to 2013 and new directions”. International Journal of Science Education. 37 (7): 993–1023. doi:10.1080/09500693.2015.1012185. ISSN0950-0693.