The term "dendrochronology" was coined in 1928 by the American astronomer Andrew Ellicott Douglass (1867–1962). Douglass, A.E. (1928). Climatic Cycles and Tree Growth. II. A Study of the Annual Rings of Trees in relation to Climate and Solar Activity. Washington, D.C., USA: Carnegie Institute of Washington. tr. 5. From p. 5: "One can see that in all this we are measuring the lapse of time by means of a slow-geared clock within trees. For this study the name "dendro-chronology" has been suggested, or "tree-time"."
Theophrastus with Arthur Hort, trans., Enquiry into Plants, volume 1 (London, England: William Heinemann, 1916), Book V, p. 423. From p. 423: "Moreover, the wood of the silver-fir has many layers, like an onion; there is always another beneath that which is visible, and the wood is composed of such layers throughout." Although many sources claim that Theophrastus recognized that trees form growth rings annually, this is not true.
du Hamel & de Buffon (4 May 1737) "Observations des différents effets que produisent sur les végétaux les grandes gelées d'hiver et les petites gelées du printemps"Lưu trữ 2015-05-09 tại Wayback Machine
(Observations on the different effects that the severe frosts of winter and the minor frosts of spring produce on plants), Mémoires de l'Académie royale des science, in: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences ..., pp. 273–298. Studhalter (1956), p. 33, stated that Carl Linnaeus (1745, 1751) in Sweden, Friedrich August Ludwig von Burgsdorf (1783) in Germany, and Alphonse de Candolle (1839–1840) in France subsequently observed the same tree ring in their samples.
J. T. C. Ratzeburg, Die Waldverderbniss oder dauernder Schade, welcher durch Insektenfrass, Schälen, Schlagen und Verbeissen an lebenenden Waldbäumen entsteht. [The deterioration of forests or lasting damage that arises from feeding by insects, debarking, felling, and gnawing on living forest trees.], vol. 1, (Berlin, (Germany): Nicolaische Verlag, 1866), p. 10.Lưu trữ 2015-10-01 tại Wayback Machine From p. 10: "Die beiden, auf Taf. 42, Fig. 6 (mit dem Durchschnitt Fig. 7) und Fig. 1 (mit dem Durchschnitt Fig. 2) dargestellten Zweige hatten in dem Frassjahre 1862 einen doppelt so starken Jahrring als in dem vorhergehenden angelegt, und auch der (hier nicht abgebildete) Ring des jährigen Triebes war bei den gefressenen stärker as der eines nicht gefressenen." (Both branches that are presented in plate 42, fig. 6 (with the cross-section in fig. 7) and fig. 1 (with the cross-section in fig. 2) had produced, in the defoliation year of 1862, a growth ring that was twice as strong as in the preceding one, and so was the ring of the year-old shoot (not illustrated here) stronger in the case of the defoliated tree than one that was not defoliated.)
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
For the history of dendrochronology, see:
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
For the history of dendrochronology, see:
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
For the history of dendrochronology, see:
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
Spronk, Ron (1996). “More than Meets the Eye: An Introduction to Technical Examination of Early Netherlandish Paintings at the Fogg Art Museum”. Harvard University Art Museums Bulletin. 5 (1): 1–64. JSTOR4301542.
Fletcher, John (1982). “Panel Examination and Dendrochronology”. The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal. 10: 39–44. JSTOR4166459.
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
For the history of dendrochronology, see:
Studhalter, R. A. (tháng 4 năm 1956). “Early History of Crossdating”. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 21: 31–35. hdl:10150/259045. (Condensed from: Studhalter, R. A. (1955). “Tree Growth I. Some Historical Chapters”. Botanical Review. 21 (1/3): 1–72. doi:10.1007/BF02872376. JSTOR4353530. S2CID37646970.
du Hamel & de Buffon (4 May 1737) "Observations des différents effets que produisent sur les végétaux les grandes gelées d'hiver et les petites gelées du printemps"Lưu trữ 2015-05-09 tại Wayback Machine
(Observations on the different effects that the severe frosts of winter and the minor frosts of spring produce on plants), Mémoires de l'Académie royale des science, in: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences ..., pp. 273–298. Studhalter (1956), p. 33, stated that Carl Linnaeus (1745, 1751) in Sweden, Friedrich August Ludwig von Burgsdorf (1783) in Germany, and Alphonse de Candolle (1839–1840) in France subsequently observed the same tree ring in their samples.
J. T. C. Ratzeburg, Die Waldverderbniss oder dauernder Schade, welcher durch Insektenfrass, Schälen, Schlagen und Verbeissen an lebenenden Waldbäumen entsteht. [The deterioration of forests or lasting damage that arises from feeding by insects, debarking, felling, and gnawing on living forest trees.], vol. 1, (Berlin, (Germany): Nicolaische Verlag, 1866), p. 10.Lưu trữ 2015-10-01 tại Wayback Machine From p. 10: "Die beiden, auf Taf. 42, Fig. 6 (mit dem Durchschnitt Fig. 7) und Fig. 1 (mit dem Durchschnitt Fig. 2) dargestellten Zweige hatten in dem Frassjahre 1862 einen doppelt so starken Jahrring als in dem vorhergehenden angelegt, und auch der (hier nicht abgebildete) Ring des jährigen Triebes war bei den gefressenen stärker as der eines nicht gefressenen." (Both branches that are presented in plate 42, fig. 6 (with the cross-section in fig. 7) and fig. 1 (with the cross-section in fig. 2) had produced, in the defoliation year of 1862, a growth ring that was twice as strong as in the preceding one, and so was the ring of the year-old shoot (not illustrated here) stronger in the case of the defoliated tree than one that was not defoliated.)
