A.H. Smith-Pardo, J.M. Carpenter, L. Kimsey (2020) The diversity of hornets in the genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), their importance and interceptions in the United States. Insect Systematics and Diversity 4(3) https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa006
Archer, M.E. (2012). Penney, D. (biên tập). Vespine wasps of the world: behaviour, ecology and taxonomy of the Vespinae. Monograph Series. 4. Siri Scientific. ISBN9780956779571. OCLC827754341.