創造論 (Chinese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "創造論" in Chinese language version.
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academia.edu
- Creationism Research Papers. Academia.edu. （原始内容存档于2022-02-16）.
archive.org
- Gunn, Angus M. Evolution and Creationism in the Public Schools: A Handbook for Educators, Parents, and Community Leaders. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 2004. ISBN 978-0-7864-2002-5. LCCN 2004018788. OCLC 56319812. p. 9, "《牛津件简明词典》认为创造论是一种“对某个神圣法令创造了宇宙和万物的信仰”（"The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'）"
- Haarsma 2010, p. 168,"一些常被称为“年轻地球创造论者”的基督教信徒拒绝接受生物进化的理论，以维持对某些圣经内容的半文学的解释；另外一些常被称为“漸進創造論者”接受进化论及地球拥有很长历史的理论，但仍坚持认为神在进化中起到了某些神奇的作用；然后是活跃在北美大陆的漸進創造論者的一种特例，智能设计论者；最后是被称为“神学进化论者”或“进化创造论者”的基督徒，他们认为进化论和他们对基督教信仰均正确无误（Some Christians, often called 'Young Earth creationists,' reject evolution in order to maintain a semi-literal interpretation of certain biblical passages. Other Christians, called 'progressive creationists,' accept the scientific evidence for some evolution over a long history of the earth, but also insist that God must have performed some miracles during that history to create new life-forms. Intelligent design, as it is promoted in North America is a form of progressive creation. Still other Christians, called 'theistic evolutionists' or 'evolutionary creationists,' assert that the scientific theory of evolution and the religious beliefs of Christianity can both be true." Stewart, Melville Y. (编). Science and Religion in Dialogue. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8921-7. LCCN 2009032180. OCLC 430678957.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “自最晚1840年代，达尔文就开始在他未发表的写作中使用‘创造论者’一词，在当时这个概念没什么关注度”）"Since at least the early 1840s Darwin had occasionally referred to 'creationists' in his unpublished writings, but the epithet acquired little public currency."） – sketch written in 1842（达尔文1842年的草稿） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – “如果说这些发生在一座小岛上，那么新的物种是如何出现的？—在这里，地质学家向创造论者抛出了这个难题”（"if this had happened on an island, whence could the new forms have come,—here the geologist calls in creationists."） Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “1873年亞薩·格雷称‘特殊创造论者’（他使用引号引了起来）持有物种‘本身起源自超自然’这一观点（"In 1873 Asa Gray described a 'special creationist' (a phrase he placed in quotation marks) as one who maintained that species 'were supernaturally originated just as they are',"） – The Nation. J.H. Richards. 1873-10-16: 260. Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
- Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James. Darwin. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group. 1991. ISBN 0-7181-3430-3.
- Attie AD, Sober E, Numbers RL, Amasino RM, Cox B, Berceau T, et al. Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action. J Clin Invest. 2006, 116 (5): 1134–8. PMC 1451210
. PMID 16670753. doi:10.1172/JCI28449.
asa3.org
- Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Early Christian Writings （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Davis A. Young. The contemporary relevance of Augustine. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith. 1988 [2008-08-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-06）.
books.google.com
- Brosseau, Olivier; Silberstein, Marc. Evolutionism(s) and Creationism(s). Heams, Thomas; Huneman, Philippe; Lecointre, Guillaume; Silberstein., Marc (编). Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer. 2015: 881–96 [2020-11-08]. ISBN 9789401790147. （原始内容存档于2020-12-14）.
- Brosseau, Olivier; Silberstein, Marc. Evolutionism(s) and Creationism(s). Heams, Thomas; Huneman, Philippe; Lecointre, Guillaume; Silberstein., Marc (编). Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer. 2015: 881, 884 [2020-11-08]. ISBN 9789401790147. （原始内容存档于2020-12-14）.
创造论并非单纯是一种旧日的教义……进化，[被认为]是神用来间接地创造这个世界的过程，如此，我们便得到了创造论的一个子类-“进化创造论”（Creationism is not a single homogenous doctrine ... Evolution, as a process, is a tool God uses to continually create the world. Here we have arrived at another sub-category of creationism called 'evolutionist creationism'）
- (Scott 2009，第57, 97–98頁)："对于许多人来说，创造论一词意味着神学教条中的特创论：上帝创造了我们今日所见的宇宙，而宇宙自创世以来就未有大的变动。特创论包含了上帝直接创造万物形态的理念，特创论反映了圣经直译视角下的观点。特创论与“创世科学”的联系十分紧密，后者认为宇宙只有大概10000年的历史。但特创论中最重要的地方还是上帝直接创造万物形态这一理念。（The term creationism to many people connotes the theological doctrine of special creationism: that God created the universe essentially as we see it today, and that this universe has not changed appreciably since that creation event. Special creationism includes the idea that God created living things in their present forms, and it reflects a literalist view of the Bible. It is most closely associated with the endeavour of "creation science," which includes the view that the universe is only 10,000 years old. But the most important aspect of special creation is the idea that things are created in their present forms.）" Scott, Eugenie C. Evolution Vs. Creationism: An Introduction 2nd. Univ of California Press. 3 August 2009: i–331 [2020-11-19]. ISBN 978-0-520-26187-7. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16）.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “自最晚1840年代，达尔文就开始在他未发表的写作中使用‘创造论者’一词，在当时这个概念没什么关注度”）"Since at least the early 1840s Darwin had occasionally referred to 'creationists' in his unpublished writings, but the epithet acquired little public currency."） – sketch written in 1842（达尔文1842年的草稿） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – “如果说这些发生在一座小岛上，那么新的物种是如何出现的？—在这里，地质学家向创造论者抛出了这个难题”（"if this had happened on an island, whence could the new forms have come,—here the geologist calls in creationists."） Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “1873年亞薩·格雷称‘特殊创造论者’（他使用引号引了起来）持有物种‘本身起源自超自然’这一观点（"In 1873 Asa Gray described a 'special creationist' (a phrase he placed in quotation marks) as one who maintained that species 'were supernaturally originated just as they are',"） – The Nation. J.H. Richards. 1873-10-16: 260. Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
- Scott 2009，第63–75頁. Scott, Eugenie C. Evolution Vs. Creationism: An Introduction 2nd. Univ of California Press. 3 August 2009: i–331 [2020-11-19]. ISBN 978-0-520-26187-7. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16）.
- Sahotra Sarkar; Jessica Pfeifer. The Philosophy of science: an encyclopedia. A-M. Psychology Press. 2006: 194 [2021-01-05]. ISBN 978-0-415-93927-0. （原始内容存档于2016-12-24）.
bringyou.to
- History of the Collapse of "Flood Geology" and a Young Earth （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, adapted from The Biblical Flood: A Case Study of the Church's Response to Extrabiblical Evidence (Eerdmans, 1995) by Davis A. Young. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
core.ac.uk
- David de Pomerai; Mark Harris. Creationism and Evolutionary Biology (PDF). Philosophy, Science, and Religion for Everyone (Routledge in Philosophy, Science and Religion for Everyone). 2017: 27–39 [2021]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-10-16）.
一开始，年轻地球创造论者和进化生物学拥护者之间的争论就围绕着科学是什么展开。双方都声称自己是科学的，年轻地球创造论方试图利用创造科学、科学创造论和洪水地质学来证明自己的科学性，争论双方都指责对方不够科学，或者说是伪科学。（At first sight, the debate between YEC and evolutionary biology tugs at the heart of what it means to ‘do science’. Both sides claim to be ‘scientific’—with ‘creation science’, ‘scientific creationism’, and ‘flood geology’ being prominent examples on the creationist side—and both sides accuse the other of being ‘un-scientific’, or in other words, of being a ‘pseudoscience’ at best.）……相较之下，年轻地球创造论方的理论很明显不是经验科学。在这一点上，年轻地球创造论者所拥护的东西甚至可能不配是伪科学。（In comparison, YEC fails dismally as an empirical science. Indeed, there’s a strong case for suggesting that YEC doesn’t even qualify as a ‘pseudo-science’ on this score.）
counterbalance.net
- Ronald L. Numbers. Creationism History: Topic Index. Counterbalance Meta-Library. [2009-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）.
darwin-online.org.uk
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “自最晚1840年代，达尔文就开始在他未发表的写作中使用‘创造论者’一词，在当时这个概念没什么关注度”）"Since at least the early 1840s Darwin had occasionally referred to 'creationists' in his unpublished writings, but the epithet acquired little public currency."） – sketch written in 1842（达尔文1842年的草稿） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – “如果说这些发生在一座小岛上，那么新的物种是如何出现的？—在这里，地质学家向创造论者抛出了这个难题”（"if this had happened on an island, whence could the new forms have come,—here the geologist calls in creationists."） Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
darwinproject.ac.uk
- Darwin, Charles. Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D.. Darwin Correspondence Project. Cambridge, UK: 剑桥大学图书馆. 1856-06-05 [2010-08-11]. Letter 1919. （原始内容存档于2015-09-23）.
- Darwin, Charles. Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa. Darwin Correspondence Project. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Library. 1863-05-31 [2010-08-11]. Letter 4196. （原始内容存档于2015-09-23）.
doi.org
- K. L. Marshall. Revisiting the Scopes Trial: Young-Earth Creationism, Creation Science, and the Evangelical Denial of Climate Change. Religions. 2021年1月25日, 2 (12): 133 [2021]. doi:10.3390/rel12020133. （原始内容存档于2021年3月3日）.
创造科学，是一个寻找科学证据证明地球的创造与《创世纪》中描述所相容的理论流派，这一理论在年轻地球创造论者中异常流行（Creation science, a field which looks for scientific evidence that the earth was created in a manner consistent with the Genesis account, is taught almost exclusively in the vein of young-earth creationism）
- Wise, Donald U. Creationism's Propaganda Assault on Deep Time and Evolution. Journal of Geoscience Education. 2001-01, 49 (1): 30–35 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2001JGeEd..49...30W. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-49.1.30. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.
- Ross, Marcus R. Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism (PDF). Journal of Geoscience Education. 2005-05, 53 (3): 319–323 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2005JGeEd..53..319R. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-01-22）.
- Greener, M. Taking on creationism. Which arguments and evidence counter pseudoscience?. EMBO Rep. 2007-12, 8 (12): 1107–9. PMC 2267227 . PMID 18059309. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401131.
- Xiaoxing Jin. Translation and transmutation: the Origin of Species in China. The British Journal for the History of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The British Society for the History of Science). March 2019, 52 (1): 117–141. PMID 30587253. doi:10.1017/S0007087418000808.
- Attie AD, Sober E, Numbers RL, Amasino RM, Cox B, Berceau T, et al. Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action. J Clin Invest. 2006, 116 (5): 1134–8. PMC 1451210 . PMID 16670753. doi:10.1172/JCI28449.
- Miller, J. D.; Miller et al. Public Acceptance of Evolution (PDF). Science. 2006-08-11, 313: 765–766. doi:10.1126/science.1126746. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-07-06）.
earlychristianwritings.com
geolsoc.org.uk
- "Young Earth Creationism", "Creation Science" and "Intelligent Design". Geological Society of London. [2021-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.
The idea that the Earth was divinely created in the geologically recent past ("Young Earth Creationism"); attempts by Young Earth Creationists to gain acceptance for what they misrepresent in public as corroborative empirical evidence for this view ("Creation science");
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Wise, Donald U. Creationism's Propaganda Assault on Deep Time and Evolution. Journal of Geoscience Education. 2001-01, 49 (1): 30–35 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2001JGeEd..49...30W. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-49.1.30. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.
- Ross, Marcus R. Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism (PDF). Journal of Geoscience Education. 2005-05, 53 (3): 319–323 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2005JGeEd..53..319R. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-01-22）.
huffingtonpost.com
- al-Azami, Usaama. Muslims and Evolution in the 21st Century: A Galileo Moment?. Huffington Post Religion Blog. 2013-02-14 [2013-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-27）.
interacademies.net
- IAP Statement on the Teaching of Evolution （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Joint statement issued by the national science academies of 67 countries, including the United Kingdom's Royal Society (PDF file)
issr.org.uk
- Poole, Michael. Creationism, intelligent design and science education (PDF). School Science Review. 2008, 90 (330): 123–129 [2021-02-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-03-18）.
一个用来形容[创造论]最常见變体的术语，“年轻地球创造论”，其代表除了相信世界由神创造外还相信世界是被祂于6000-10000年前的6天内直接创造，而不是通过创造星系、生物进化来间接创造一切（a term commonly used as shorthand for its most common variant, ‘young-Earth creationism’. As well as a belief in creation, it includes the additional belief that creation occurred by specific, non-natural divine events in six ‘days’ some 6000-10,000 years ago, rather than by God’s creative actions through the natural processes of stellar, chemical and biological evolution）
jstor.org
kyushu-u.ac.jp
catalog.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp
- 岡野潔. アツガンニヤ経の神話的食物の名lasā/rasā/rasa (PDF). [2018-02-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-12-12）.
liberty.edu
- Creation Studies, College of Arts and Sciences. Liberty University. （原始内容存档于2022-03-07）.
- Faculty Member, Creation Studies, College of Arts and Sciences. Liberty University. （原始内容存档于2022-03-04）.
- Creation Studies Minor. Liberty University. [2022-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-05）.
loc.gov
lccn.loc.gov
- Gunn, Angus M. Evolution and Creationism in the Public Schools: A Handbook for Educators, Parents, and Community Leaders. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 2004. ISBN 978-0-7864-2002-5. LCCN 2004018788. OCLC 56319812. p. 9, "《牛津件简明词典》认为创造论是一种“对某个神圣法令创造了宇宙和万物的信仰”（"The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'）"
- Haarsma 2010, p. 168,"一些常被称为“年轻地球创造论者”的基督教信徒拒绝接受生物进化的理论，以维持对某些圣经内容的半文学的解释；另外一些常被称为“漸進創造論者”接受进化论及地球拥有很长历史的理论，但仍坚持认为神在进化中起到了某些神奇的作用；然后是活跃在北美大陆的漸進創造論者的一种特例，智能设计论者；最后是被称为“神学进化论者”或“进化创造论者”的基督徒，他们认为进化论和他们对基督教信仰均正确无误（Some Christians, often called 'Young Earth creationists,' reject evolution in order to maintain a semi-literal interpretation of certain biblical passages. Other Christians, called 'progressive creationists,' accept the scientific evidence for some evolution over a long history of the earth, but also insist that God must have performed some miracles during that history to create new life-forms. Intelligent design, as it is promoted in North America is a form of progressive creation. Still other Christians, called 'theistic evolutionists' or 'evolutionary creationists,' assert that the scientific theory of evolution and the religious beliefs of Christianity can both be true." Stewart, Melville Y. (编). Science and Religion in Dialogue. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8921-7. LCCN 2009032180. OCLC 430678957.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “自最晚1840年代，达尔文就开始在他未发表的写作中使用‘创造论者’一词，在当时这个概念没什么关注度”）"Since at least the early 1840s Darwin had occasionally referred to 'creationists' in his unpublished writings, but the epithet acquired little public currency."） – sketch written in 1842（达尔文1842年的草稿） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – “如果说这些发生在一座小岛上，那么新的物种是如何出现的？—在这里，地质学家向创造论者抛出了这个难题”（"if this had happened on an island, whence could the new forms have come,—here the geologist calls in creationists."） Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “1873年亞薩·格雷称‘特殊创造论者’（他使用引号引了起来）持有物种‘本身起源自超自然’这一观点（"In 1873 Asa Gray described a 'special creationist' (a phrase he placed in quotation marks) as one who maintained that species 'were supernaturally originated just as they are',"） – The Nation. J.H. Richards. 1873-10-16: 260. Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
mdpi.com
- K. L. Marshall. Revisiting the Scopes Trial: Young-Earth Creationism, Creation Science, and the Evangelical Denial of Climate Change. Religions. 2021年1月25日, 2 (12): 133 [2021]. doi:10.3390/rel12020133. （原始内容存档于2021年3月3日）.
创造科学，是一个寻找科学证据证明地球的创造与《创世纪》中描述所相容的理论流派，这一理论在年轻地球创造论者中异常流行（Creation science, a field which looks for scientific evidence that the earth was created in a manner consistent with the Genesis account, is taught almost exclusively in the vein of young-earth creationism）
msn.com
encarta.msn.com
- Creationism," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Contributed By: Ronald L. Numbers, William Coleman: Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007 http://encarta.msn.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） © 1997–2007 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
nagt.org
- Wise, Donald U. Creationism's Propaganda Assault on Deep Time and Evolution. Journal of Geoscience Education. 2001-01, 49 (1): 30–35 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2001JGeEd..49...30W. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-49.1.30. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.
- Ross, Marcus R. Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism (PDF). Journal of Geoscience Education. 2005-05, 53 (3): 319–323 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2005JGeEd..53..319R. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-01-22）.
natcenscied.org
- Scott, Eugenie C. The Creation/Evolution Continuum. Reports of the National Center for Science Education, July–August 1999. 7 December 2000, 19 (4): 16–17, 23–25. ISSN 2158-818X. （原始内容存档于2008-05-09）. (original online version, with link to the Creation/Evolution Continuum graphic
ncse.com
- Eugenie Scott. The Creation/Evolution Continuum. NCSE. 13 February 2018 [6 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-03）.
创造论分为许多种，并非所有的创造论者都拒绝进化论（creationism comes in many forms, and not all of them reject evolution）
- Eugenie Scott. The Creation/Evolution Continuum. NCSE. 13 February 2018 [29 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-03）.
- What is "Intelligent Design" Creationism?. NCSE. 2008-10-17 [2019-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14） （英语）.
- Many scientists see God's hand in evolution, Witham, Larry, Reports of the National Center for Science Education 17(6): 33, 1997. [2018-09-10]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.
ncse.ngo
- "Scientific" Creationism as a Pseudoscience - NCSE. 2008-12-15 [2021-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-31）.
ncseweb.org
- NCSE : National Center for Science Education - Defending the Teaching of Evolution in Public Schools.. Creationism. 2008 [2009-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-11）.
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Greener, M. Taking on creationism. Which arguments and evidence counter pseudoscience?. EMBO Rep. 2007-12, 8 (12): 1107–9. PMC 2267227 . PMID 18059309. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401131.
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The belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.
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- Pew Research Center: "Public Praises Science; Scientists Fault Public, Media （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）" July 9, 2009.
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- Brosseau, Olivier; Silberstein, Marc. Evolutionism(s) and Creationism(s). Heams, Thomas; Huneman, Philippe; Lecointre, Guillaume; Silberstein., Marc (编). Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer. 2015: 881–96 [2020-11-08]. ISBN 9789401790147. （原始内容存档于2020-12-14）.
- Brosseau, Olivier; Silberstein, Marc. Evolutionism(s) and Creationism(s). Heams, Thomas; Huneman, Philippe; Lecointre, Guillaume; Silberstein., Marc (编). Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer. 2015: 881, 884 [2020-11-08]. ISBN 9789401790147. （原始内容存档于2020-12-14）.
创造论并非单纯是一种旧日的教义……进化，[被认为]是神用来间接地创造这个世界的过程，如此，我们便得到了创造论的一个子类-“进化创造论”（Creationism is not a single homogenous doctrine ... Evolution, as a process, is a tool God uses to continually create the world. Here we have arrived at another sub-category of creationism called 'evolutionist creationism'）
- Eugenie Scott. The Creation/Evolution Continuum. NCSE. 13 February 2018 [6 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-03）.
创造论分为许多种，并非所有的创造论者都拒绝进化论（creationism comes in many forms, and not all of them reject evolution）
- creationism: definition of creationism in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US). Oxford Dictionaries (Definition). Oxford: 牛津大學出版社. [2014-03-05]. OCLC 656668849. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
The belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.
- (Scott 2009，第57, 97–98頁)："对于许多人来说，创造论一词意味着神学教条中的特创论：上帝创造了我们今日所见的宇宙，而宇宙自创世以来就未有大的变动。特创论包含了上帝直接创造万物形态的理念，特创论反映了圣经直译视角下的观点。特创论与“创世科学”的联系十分紧密，后者认为宇宙只有大概10000年的历史。但特创论中最重要的地方还是上帝直接创造万物形态这一理念。（The term creationism to many people connotes the theological doctrine of special creationism: that God created the universe essentially as we see it today, and that this universe has not changed appreciably since that creation event. Special creationism includes the idea that God created living things in their present forms, and it reflects a literalist view of the Bible. It is most closely associated with the endeavour of "creation science," which includes the view that the universe is only 10,000 years old. But the most important aspect of special creation is the idea that things are created in their present forms.）" Scott, Eugenie C. Evolution Vs. Creationism: An Introduction 2nd. Univ of California Press. 3 August 2009: i–331 [2020-11-19]. ISBN 978-0-520-26187-7. （原始内容存档于2020-12-16）.
- Poole, Michael. Creationism, intelligent design and science education (PDF). School Science Review. 2008, 90 (330): 123–129 [2021-02-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-03-18）.
一个用来形容[创造论]最常见變体的术语，“年轻地球创造论”，其代表除了相信世界由神创造外还相信世界是被祂于6000-10000年前的6天内直接创造，而不是通过创造星系、生物进化来间接创造一切（a term commonly used as shorthand for its most common variant, ‘young-Earth creationism’. As well as a belief in creation, it includes the additional belief that creation occurred by specific, non-natural divine events in six ‘days’ some 6000-10,000 years ago, rather than by God’s creative actions through the natural processes of stellar, chemical and biological evolution）
- David de Pomerai; Mark Harris. Creationism and Evolutionary Biology (PDF). Philosophy, Science, and Religion for Everyone (Routledge in Philosophy, Science and Religion for Everyone). 2017: 27–39 [2021]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-10-16）.
一开始，年轻地球创造论者和进化生物学拥护者之间的争论就围绕着科学是什么展开。双方都声称自己是科学的，年轻地球创造论方试图利用创造科学、科学创造论和洪水地质学来证明自己的科学性，争论双方都指责对方不够科学，或者说是伪科学。（At first sight, the debate between YEC and evolutionary biology tugs at the heart of what it means to ‘do science’. Both sides claim to be ‘scientific’—with ‘creation science’, ‘scientific creationism’, and ‘flood geology’ being prominent examples on the creationist side—and both sides accuse the other of being ‘un-scientific’, or in other words, of being a ‘pseudoscience’ at best.）……相较之下，年轻地球创造论方的理论很明显不是经验科学。在这一点上，年轻地球创造论者所拥护的东西甚至可能不配是伪科学。（In comparison, YEC fails dismally as an empirical science. Indeed, there’s a strong case for suggesting that YEC doesn’t even qualify as a ‘pseudo-science’ on this score.）
- "Young Earth Creationism", "Creation Science" and "Intelligent Design". Geological Society of London. [2021-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.
The idea that the Earth was divinely created in the geologically recent past ("Young Earth Creationism"); attempts by Young Earth Creationists to gain acceptance for what they misrepresent in public as corroborative empirical evidence for this view ("Creation science");
- "Scientific" Creationism as a Pseudoscience - NCSE. 2008-12-15 [2021-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-31）.
- K. L. Marshall. Revisiting the Scopes Trial: Young-Earth Creationism, Creation Science, and the Evangelical Denial of Climate Change. Religions. 2021年1月25日, 2 (12): 133 [2021]. doi:10.3390/rel12020133. （原始内容存档于2021年3月3日）.
创造科学，是一个寻找科学证据证明地球的创造与《创世纪》中描述所相容的理论流派，这一理论在年轻地球创造论者中异常流行（Creation science, a field which looks for scientific evidence that the earth was created in a manner consistent with the Genesis account, is taught almost exclusively in the vein of young-earth creationism）
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- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “自最晚1840年代，达尔文就开始在他未发表的写作中使用‘创造论者’一词，在当时这个概念没什么关注度”）"Since at least the early 1840s Darwin had occasionally referred to 'creationists' in his unpublished writings, but the epithet acquired little public currency."） – sketch written in 1842（达尔文1842年的草稿） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – “如果说这些发生在一座小岛上，那么新的物种是如何出现的？—在这里，地质学家向创造论者抛出了这个难题”（"if this had happened on an island, whence could the new forms have come,—here the geologist calls in creationists."） Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
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- Wise, Donald U. Creationism's Propaganda Assault on Deep Time and Evolution. Journal of Geoscience Education. 2001-01, 49 (1): 30–35 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2001JGeEd..49...30W. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-49.1.30. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.
- Ross, Marcus R. Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism (PDF). Journal of Geoscience Education. 2005-05, 53 (3): 319–323 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2005JGeEd..53..319R. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-01-22）.
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|title=为空 (帮助)
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- Gunn, Angus M. Evolution and Creationism in the Public Schools: A Handbook for Educators, Parents, and Community Leaders. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 2004. ISBN 978-0-7864-2002-5. LCCN 2004018788. OCLC 56319812. p. 9, "《牛津件简明词典》认为创造论是一种“对某个神圣法令创造了宇宙和万物的信仰”（"The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'）"
- Haarsma 2010, p. 168,"一些常被称为“年轻地球创造论者”的基督教信徒拒绝接受生物进化的理论，以维持对某些圣经内容的半文学的解释；另外一些常被称为“漸進創造論者”接受进化论及地球拥有很长历史的理论，但仍坚持认为神在进化中起到了某些神奇的作用；然后是活跃在北美大陆的漸進創造論者的一种特例，智能设计论者；最后是被称为“神学进化论者”或“进化创造论者”的基督徒，他们认为进化论和他们对基督教信仰均正确无误（Some Christians, often called 'Young Earth creationists,' reject evolution in order to maintain a semi-literal interpretation of certain biblical passages. Other Christians, called 'progressive creationists,' accept the scientific evidence for some evolution over a long history of the earth, but also insist that God must have performed some miracles during that history to create new life-forms. Intelligent design, as it is promoted in North America is a form of progressive creation. Still other Christians, called 'theistic evolutionists' or 'evolutionary creationists,' assert that the scientific theory of evolution and the religious beliefs of Christianity can both be true." Stewart, Melville Y. (编). Science and Religion in Dialogue. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8921-7. LCCN 2009032180. OCLC 430678957.
- creationism: definition of creationism in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US). Oxford Dictionaries (Definition). Oxford: 牛津大學出版社. [2014-03-05]. OCLC 656668849. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
The belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “自最晚1840年代，达尔文就开始在他未发表的写作中使用‘创造论者’一词，在当时这个概念没什么关注度”）"Since at least the early 1840s Darwin had occasionally referred to 'creationists' in his unpublished writings, but the epithet acquired little public currency."） – sketch written in 1842（达尔文1842年的草稿） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – “如果说这些发生在一座小岛上，那么新的物种是如何出现的？—在这里，地质学家向创造论者抛出了这个难题”（"if this had happened on an island, whence could the new forms have come,—here the geologist calls in creationists."） Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
- Numbers 1998，第50頁 “1873年亞薩·格雷称‘特殊创造论者’（他使用引号引了起来）持有物种‘本身起源自超自然’这一观点（"In 1873 Asa Gray described a 'special creationist' (a phrase he placed in quotation marks) as one who maintained that species 'were supernaturally originated just as they are',"） – The Nation. J.H. Richards. 1873-10-16: 260. Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 哈佛大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-0-674-19312-3. LCCN 98016212. OCLC 38747194.
- Scott, Eugenie C. The Creation/Evolution Continuum. Reports of the National Center for Science Education, July–August 1999. 7 December 2000, 19 (4): 16–17, 23–25. ISSN 2158-818X. （原始内容存档于2008-05-09）. (original online version, with link to the Creation/Evolution Continuum graphic
- Wise, Donald U. Creationism's Propaganda Assault on Deep Time and Evolution. Journal of Geoscience Education. 2001-01, 49 (1): 30–35 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2001JGeEd..49...30W. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-49.1.30. （原始内容存档于2020-10-25）.
- Ross, Marcus R. Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism (PDF). Journal of Geoscience Education. 2005-05, 53 (3): 319–323 [2014-03-09]. Bibcode:2005JGeEd..53..319R. ISSN 1089-9995. doi:10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-01-22）.