The latter two terms are derived from the Hokkien Chinese. Sociologist Mely G. Tan argued that these terms "only apply to those who are alien, not of mixed ancestry, and who initially do not plan to stay in Indonesia permanently" (Kahin 1991,第119頁). She also noted that the terms Cina (Tjina in older orthography) and Cino (Tjino) carry a derogatory meaning to earlier generations of immigrants, especially those living on the island of Java. Dawis (2009,第75頁) noted this connotation appears to have faded in later generations. Kahin, Audrey (编), Indonesia: The Role of the Indonesian Chinese in Shaping Modern Indonesian Life, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 1991 [2021-11-08], ISBN 978-99936-0-446-4, (原始内容存档于2012-12-14). Dawis, Aimee, The Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship Between Collective Memory and the Media, Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press(英语:Cambria Press), 2009, ISBN 978-1-60497-606-9.
Indonesian scholar Dede Oetomo believed "the term 'Chinese Malay' is really a misnomer. There may be a continuity between 'Chinese Malay' and modern Indonesian, especially because the former was also used in the written discourse of members of ethnic groups besides the Chinese in the colonial period and well into the postindependence era" (Kahin 1991,第54頁). Kahin, Audrey (编), Indonesia: The Role of the Indonesian Chinese in Shaping Modern Indonesian Life, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 1991 [2021-11-08], ISBN 978-99936-0-446-4, (原始内容存档于2012-12-14).
The latter two terms are derived from the Hokkien Chinese. Sociologist Mely G. Tan argued that these terms "only apply to those who are alien, not of mixed ancestry, and who initially do not plan to stay in Indonesia permanently" (Kahin 1991,第119頁). She also noted that the terms Cina (Tjina in older orthography) and Cino (Tjino) carry a derogatory meaning to earlier generations of immigrants, especially those living on the island of Java. Dawis (2009,第75頁) noted this connotation appears to have faded in later generations. Kahin, Audrey (编), Indonesia: The Role of the Indonesian Chinese in Shaping Modern Indonesian Life, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 1991 [2021-11-08], ISBN 978-99936-0-446-4, (原始内容存档于2012-12-14). Dawis, Aimee, The Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship Between Collective Memory and the Media, Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press(英语:Cambria Press), 2009, ISBN 978-1-60497-606-9.
Indonesian scholar Dede Oetomo believed "the term 'Chinese Malay' is really a misnomer. There may be a continuity between 'Chinese Malay' and modern Indonesian, especially because the former was also used in the written discourse of members of ethnic groups besides the Chinese in the colonial period and well into the postindependence era" (Kahin 1991,第54頁). Kahin, Audrey (编), Indonesia: The Role of the Indonesian Chinese in Shaping Modern Indonesian Life, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 1991 [2021-11-08], ISBN 978-99936-0-446-4, (原始内容存档于2012-12-14).
Dawis (2009,第77頁) 引用了Charles Coppel(英语:Charles Coppel)在第 29 屆國際東方學家大會上的演講,以了解這兩個術語的最初用法。Skinner (1963,第105–106頁) 進一步指出,「totok」是印尼語術語,專門指外國出生的移民,但擴展到包括親祖籍國的移民的後代。而Peranakan意思是東印度的孩子。 Dawis, Aimee, The Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship Between Collective Memory and the Media, Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press(英语:Cambria Press), 2009, ISBN 978-1-60497-606-9. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
The latter two terms are derived from the Hokkien Chinese. Sociologist Mely G. Tan argued that these terms "only apply to those who are alien, not of mixed ancestry, and who initially do not plan to stay in Indonesia permanently" (Kahin 1991,第119頁). She also noted that the terms Cina (Tjina in older orthography) and Cino (Tjino) carry a derogatory meaning to earlier generations of immigrants, especially those living on the island of Java. Dawis (2009,第75頁) noted this connotation appears to have faded in later generations. Kahin, Audrey (编), Indonesia: The Role of the Indonesian Chinese in Shaping Modern Indonesian Life, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 1991 [2021-11-08], ISBN 978-99936-0-446-4, (原始内容存档于2012-12-14). Dawis, Aimee, The Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship Between Collective Memory and the Media, Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press(英语:Cambria Press), 2009, ISBN 978-1-60497-606-9.
Dawis (2009,第77頁) 引用了Charles Coppel(英语:Charles Coppel)在第 29 屆國際東方學家大會上的演講,以了解這兩個術語的最初用法。Skinner (1963,第105–106頁) 進一步指出,「totok」是印尼語術語,專門指外國出生的移民,但擴展到包括親祖籍國的移民的後代。而Peranakan意思是東印度的孩子。 Dawis, Aimee, The Chinese of Indonesia and Their Search for Identity: The Relationship Between Collective Memory and the Media, Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press(英语:Cambria Press), 2009, ISBN 978-1-60497-606-9. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Skinner 1963,第97頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Suryadinata 1984,第96頁. Suryadinata, Leo, Dilema Minoritas Tionghoa [Dilemma of the Chinese Minority], Jakarta: Grafiti Pers, 1984, OCLC 11882266(印度尼西亚语).
Skinner 1963,第110頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Skinner 1963,第107頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Skinner 1963,第108頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Skinner 1963,第105頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Skinner 1963,第102頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Skinner 1963,第101頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.
Skinner 1963,第103頁. Skinner, G. William, The Chinese Minority, McVey, Ruth (编), Indonesia, Survey of World Cultures, New Haven, C.T.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies: 97–117, 1963, OCLC 411723.