性 (生物學) (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "性 (生物學)" in Chinese language version.

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13doi.org

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12web.archive.org

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10nih.gov

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9books.google.com

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5worldcat.org

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5harvard.edu

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2semanticscholar.org

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1nature.com

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1keele.ac.uk

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1doabooks.org

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1nationalgeographic.com

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1libretexts.org

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1archive.org

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1jstor.org

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1cdc.gov

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1cia.gov

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archive.org

Fisher, R. A. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1930: 141–143 –通过Internet Archive.

books.google.com

Stevenson A, Waite M. Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Book & CD-ROM Set. OUP Oxford. 2011: 1302 [2018-03-23]. ISBN 978-0-19-960110-3. Sex: Either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and most other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions. The fact of belonging to one of these categories. The group of all members of either sex.
Mills, Alex. Biology of Sex. University of Toronto Press. 2018-01-01: 43–45 [2023-10-03]. ISBN 978-1-4875-9337-7. （原始内容存档于2023-11-07）（英语）.
Purves WK, Sadava DE, Orians GH, Heller HC. Life: The Science of Biology. Macmillan. 2000: 736 [March 23, 2018]. ISBN 978-0-7167-3873-2. A single body can function as both male and female. Sexual reproduction requires both male and female haploid gametes. In most species, these gametes are produced by individuals that are either male or female. Species that have male and female members are called dioecious (from the Greek for 'two houses'). In some species, a single individual may possess both female and male reproductive systems. Such species are called monoecious ("one house") or hermaphroditic.
Royle NJ, Smiseth PT, Kölliker M. Kokko H, Jennions M , 编. The Evolution of Parental Care. Oxford University Press. 2012: 103 [2024-03-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-969257-6. （原始内容存档于2023-11-07）（英语）. The answer is that there is an agreement by convention: individuals producing the smaller of the two gamete types – sperm or pollen – are males, and those producing larger gametes – eggs or ovules – are females.
Avise JC. Hermaphroditism: A Primer on the Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Dual Sexuality. Columbia University Press. 2011: 1–7 [18 September 2020]. ISBN 978-0-231-52715-6 （英语）.
Kliman, Richard. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology 2. Academic Press. 2016: 212–224 [2021-04-14]. ISBN 978-0-12-800426-5. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）.
Kumar, Awasthi & Ashok. Textbook of Algae. Vikas Publishing House. : 363. ISBN 978-93-259-9022-7 （英语）.
Székely, Tamás; Fairbairn, Daphne J.; Blanckenhorn, Wolf U. Sex, Size and Gender Roles: Evolutionary Studies of Sexual Size Dimorphism. OUP Oxford. 2007: 167–169, 176, 185 [2024-03-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-920878-4. （原始内容存档于2023-11-07）（英语）.
Pitnick SS, Hosken DJ, Birkhead TR. Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective. Academic Press. 2008: 43–44. ISBN 978-0-08-091987-4 （英语）.

cdc.gov

Trend Analysis of the sex Ratio at Birth in the United States (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. [2024-03-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-08-10）.

cia.gov

CIA Fact Book. The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States. （原始内容存档于2007-06-13）.

doabooks.org

directory.doabooks.org

Sawada, Hitoshi; Inoue, Naokazu; Iwano, Megumi. Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants. Springer. 2014: 215–216 [2024-03-13]. ISBN 978-4-431-54589-7. （原始内容存档于2024-02-16）（英语）.

doi.org

Kumar R, Meena M, Swapnil P. Anisogamy. Vonk J, Shackelford T (编). Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing: 1–5. 2019. ISBN 978-3-319-47829-6. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_340-1. Anisogamy can be defined as a mode of sexual reproduction in which fusing gametes, formed by participating parents, are dissimilar in size.
Leonard, J. L. Williams' Paradox and the Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Sexual Systems. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2013-08-22, 53 (4): 671–688. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 23970358. doi:10.1093/icb/ict088 .
Bachtrog D, Mank JE, Peichel CL, Kirkpatrick M, Otto SP, Ashman TL, et al. Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it?. PLOS Biology. July 2014, 12 (7): e1001899. PMC 4077654 . PMID 24983465. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899 .
Kuwamura T, Sunobe T, Sakai Y, Kadota T, Sawada K. Hermaphroditism in fishes: an annotated list of species, phylogeny, and mating system. Ichthyological Research. 2020-07-01, 67 (3): 341–360. Bibcode:2020IchtR..67..341K. ISSN 1616-3915. S2CID 218527927. doi:10.1007/s10228-020-00754-6  （英语）.
Sabath N, Goldberg EE, Glick L, Einhorn M, Ashman TL, Ming R, et al. Dioecy does not consistently accelerate or slow lineage diversification across multiple genera of angiosperms. The New Phytologist. February 2016, 209 (3): 1290–300. PMID 26467174. doi:10.1111/nph.13696 .
Leite Montalvão, Ana Paula; Kersten, Birgit; Fladung, Matthias; Müller, Niels Andreas. The Diversity and Dynamics of Sex Determination in Dioecious Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021, 11: 580488. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 7843427 . PMID 33519840. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.580488  （英语）.
Renner, Susanne S. The relative and absolute frequencies of angiosperm sexual systems: dioecy, monoecy, gynodioecy, and an updated online database. American Journal of Botany. 2014, 101 (10): 1588–1596. PMID 25326608. doi:10.3732/ajb.1400196 .
Walas Ł, Mandryk W, Thomas PA, Tyrała-Wierucka Ż, Iszkuło G. Sexual systems in gymnosperms: A review (PDF). Basic and Applied Ecology. 2018, 31: 1–9 [2021-06-07]. Bibcode:2018BApEc..31....1W. S2CID 90740232. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-27）.
Lehtonen J, Kokko H, Parker GA. What do isogamous organisms teach us about sex and the two sexes?. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. October 2016, 371 (1706). PMC 5031617 . PMID 27619696. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0532.
Togashi, Tatsuya; Bartelt, John L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Tainaka, Kei-ichi; Cox, Paul Alan. Evolutionary trajectories explain the diversified evolution of isogamy and anisogamy in marine green algae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-08-21, 109 (34): 13692–13697. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913692T. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3427103 . PMID 22869736. doi:10.1073/pnas.1203495109 .
Hörandl, Elvira; Hadacek, Franz. Oxygen, life forms, and the evolution of sexes in multicellular eukaryotes. Heredity. 2020-08-15, 125 (1): 1–14. ISSN 1365-2540. PMC 7413252 . PMID 32415185. doi:10.1038/s41437-020-0317-9 （英语）.
Hamilton, W. D. Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology. Science. 1967, 156 (3774): 477–488 [2024-03-13]. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. （原始内容存档于2024-02-29）.
Kobayashi, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Yamamoto, Yuuka; Kazutaka, Kawatsu; Vargo, Edward L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Matsuura, Kenji. Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection. Nat Commun. 2013, 4: 2048. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2048K. PMID 23807025. doi:10.1038/ncomms3048 . hdl:2123/11211 .

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kobayashi, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Yamamoto, Yuuka; Kazutaka, Kawatsu; Vargo, Edward L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Matsuura, Kenji. Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection. Nat Commun. 2013, 4: 2048. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2048K. PMID 23807025. doi:10.1038/ncomms3048 . hdl:2123/11211 .

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kuwamura T, Sunobe T, Sakai Y, Kadota T, Sawada K. Hermaphroditism in fishes: an annotated list of species, phylogeny, and mating system. Ichthyological Research. 2020-07-01, 67 (3): 341–360. Bibcode:2020IchtR..67..341K. ISSN 1616-3915. S2CID 218527927. doi:10.1007/s10228-020-00754-6  （英语）.
Walas Ł, Mandryk W, Thomas PA, Tyrała-Wierucka Ż, Iszkuło G. Sexual systems in gymnosperms: A review (PDF). Basic and Applied Ecology. 2018, 31: 1–9 [2021-06-07]. Bibcode:2018BApEc..31....1W. S2CID 90740232. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-27）.
Togashi, Tatsuya; Bartelt, John L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Tainaka, Kei-ichi; Cox, Paul Alan. Evolutionary trajectories explain the diversified evolution of isogamy and anisogamy in marine green algae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-08-21, 109 (34): 13692–13697. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913692T. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3427103 . PMID 22869736. doi:10.1073/pnas.1203495109 .
Hamilton, W. D. Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology. Science. 1967, 156 (3774): 477–488 [2024-03-13]. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. （原始内容存档于2024-02-29）.
Kobayashi, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Yamamoto, Yuuka; Kazutaka, Kawatsu; Vargo, Edward L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Matsuura, Kenji. Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection. Nat Commun. 2013, 4: 2048. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2048K. PMID 23807025. doi:10.1038/ncomms3048 . hdl:2123/11211 .

jstor.org

Hamilton, W. D. Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology. Science. 1967, 156 (3774): 477–488 [2024-03-13]. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. （原始内容存档于2024-02-29）.

keele.ac.uk

eprints.keele.ac.uk

Walas Ł, Mandryk W, Thomas PA, Tyrała-Wierucka Ż, Iszkuło G. Sexual systems in gymnosperms: A review (PDF). Basic and Applied Ecology. 2018, 31: 1–9 [2021-06-07]. Bibcode:2018BApEc..31....1W. S2CID 90740232. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-27）.

libretexts.org

bio.libretexts.org

43.2A: External and Internal Fertilization. Biology LibreTexts. 2018-07-17 [2020-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-24）（英语）.

nationalgeographic.com

Armored Fish Pioneered Sex As You Know It. Animals. 2014-10-19 [2023-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-02）（英语）.

nature.com

Hake L, O'Connor C. Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination | Learn Science at Scitable. www.nature.com. [2021-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-19）（英语）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Leonard, J. L. Williams' Paradox and the Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Sexual Systems. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2013-08-22, 53 (4): 671–688. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 23970358. doi:10.1093/icb/ict088 .
Bachtrog D, Mank JE, Peichel CL, Kirkpatrick M, Otto SP, Ashman TL, et al. Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it?. PLOS Biology. July 2014, 12 (7): e1001899. PMC 4077654 . PMID 24983465. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899 .
Sabath N, Goldberg EE, Glick L, Einhorn M, Ashman TL, Ming R, et al. Dioecy does not consistently accelerate or slow lineage diversification across multiple genera of angiosperms. The New Phytologist. February 2016, 209 (3): 1290–300. PMID 26467174. doi:10.1111/nph.13696 .
Leite Montalvão, Ana Paula; Kersten, Birgit; Fladung, Matthias; Müller, Niels Andreas. The Diversity and Dynamics of Sex Determination in Dioecious Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021, 11: 580488. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 7843427 . PMID 33519840. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.580488  （英语）.
Renner, Susanne S. The relative and absolute frequencies of angiosperm sexual systems: dioecy, monoecy, gynodioecy, and an updated online database. American Journal of Botany. 2014, 101 (10): 1588–1596. PMID 25326608. doi:10.3732/ajb.1400196 .
Lehtonen J, Kokko H, Parker GA. What do isogamous organisms teach us about sex and the two sexes?. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. October 2016, 371 (1706). PMC 5031617 . PMID 27619696. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0532.
Togashi, Tatsuya; Bartelt, John L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Tainaka, Kei-ichi; Cox, Paul Alan. Evolutionary trajectories explain the diversified evolution of isogamy and anisogamy in marine green algae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-08-21, 109 (34): 13692–13697. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913692T. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3427103 . PMID 22869736. doi:10.1073/pnas.1203495109 .
Hörandl, Elvira; Hadacek, Franz. Oxygen, life forms, and the evolution of sexes in multicellular eukaryotes. Heredity. 2020-08-15, 125 (1): 1–14. ISSN 1365-2540. PMC 7413252 . PMID 32415185. doi:10.1038/s41437-020-0317-9 （英语）.
Hamilton, W. D. Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology. Science. 1967, 156 (3774): 477–488 [2024-03-13]. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. （原始内容存档于2024-02-29）.
Kobayashi, Kazuya; Hasegawa, Eisuke; Yamamoto, Yuuka; Kazutaka, Kawatsu; Vargo, Edward L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Matsuura, Kenji. Sex ratio biases in termites provide evidence for kin selection. Nat Commun. 2013, 4: 2048. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2048K. PMID 23807025. doi:10.1038/ncomms3048 . hdl:2123/11211 .

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kuwamura T, Sunobe T, Sakai Y, Kadota T, Sawada K. Hermaphroditism in fishes: an annotated list of species, phylogeny, and mating system. Ichthyological Research. 2020-07-01, 67 (3): 341–360. Bibcode:2020IchtR..67..341K. ISSN 1616-3915. S2CID 218527927. doi:10.1007/s10228-020-00754-6  （英语）.
Walas Ł, Mandryk W, Thomas PA, Tyrała-Wierucka Ż, Iszkuło G. Sexual systems in gymnosperms: A review (PDF). Basic and Applied Ecology. 2018, 31: 1–9 [2021-06-07]. Bibcode:2018BApEc..31....1W. S2CID 90740232. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-27）.

web.archive.org

Mills, Alex. Biology of Sex. University of Toronto Press. 2018-01-01: 43–45 [2023-10-03]. ISBN 978-1-4875-9337-7. （原始内容存档于2023-11-07）（英语）.
Royle NJ, Smiseth PT, Kölliker M. Kokko H, Jennions M , 编. The Evolution of Parental Care. Oxford University Press. 2012: 103 [2024-03-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-969257-6. （原始内容存档于2023-11-07）（英语）. The answer is that there is an agreement by convention: individuals producing the smaller of the two gamete types – sperm or pollen – are males, and those producing larger gametes – eggs or ovules – are females.
Hake L, O'Connor C. Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination | Learn Science at Scitable. www.nature.com. [2021-04-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-19）（英语）.
Kliman, Richard. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology 2. Academic Press. 2016: 212–224 [2021-04-14]. ISBN 978-0-12-800426-5. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）.
Walas Ł, Mandryk W, Thomas PA, Tyrała-Wierucka Ż, Iszkuło G. Sexual systems in gymnosperms: A review (PDF). Basic and Applied Ecology. 2018, 31: 1–9 [2021-06-07]. Bibcode:2018BApEc..31....1W. S2CID 90740232. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-01-27）.
Székely, Tamás; Fairbairn, Daphne J.; Blanckenhorn, Wolf U. Sex, Size and Gender Roles: Evolutionary Studies of Sexual Size Dimorphism. OUP Oxford. 2007: 167–169, 176, 185 [2024-03-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-920878-4. （原始内容存档于2023-11-07）（英语）.
Sawada, Hitoshi; Inoue, Naokazu; Iwano, Megumi. Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants. Springer. 2014: 215–216 [2024-03-13]. ISBN 978-4-431-54589-7. （原始内容存档于2024-02-16）（英语）.
Armored Fish Pioneered Sex As You Know It. Animals. 2014-10-19 [2023-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-02）（英语）.
43.2A: External and Internal Fertilization. Biology LibreTexts. 2018-07-17 [2020-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-24）（英语）.
Hamilton, W. D. Extraordinary Sex Ratios: A Sex-ratio Theory for Sex Linkage and Inbreeding Has New Implications in Cytogenetics and Entomology. Science. 1967, 156 (3774): 477–488 [2024-03-13]. Bibcode:1967Sci...156..477H. JSTOR 1721222. PMID 6021675. doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477. （原始内容存档于2024-02-29）.
Trend Analysis of the sex Ratio at Birth in the United States (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. [2024-03-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-08-10）.
CIA Fact Book. The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States. （原始内容存档于2007-06-13）.

worldcat.org

Leonard, J. L. Williams' Paradox and the Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Sexual Systems. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2013-08-22, 53 (4): 671–688. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 23970358. doi:10.1093/icb/ict088 .
Kuwamura T, Sunobe T, Sakai Y, Kadota T, Sawada K. Hermaphroditism in fishes: an annotated list of species, phylogeny, and mating system. Ichthyological Research. 2020-07-01, 67 (3): 341–360. Bibcode:2020IchtR..67..341K. ISSN 1616-3915. S2CID 218527927. doi:10.1007/s10228-020-00754-6  （英语）.
Leite Montalvão, Ana Paula; Kersten, Birgit; Fladung, Matthias; Müller, Niels Andreas. The Diversity and Dynamics of Sex Determination in Dioecious Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021, 11: 580488. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 7843427 . PMID 33519840. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.580488  （英语）.
Togashi, Tatsuya; Bartelt, John L.; Yoshimura, Jin; Tainaka, Kei-ichi; Cox, Paul Alan. Evolutionary trajectories explain the diversified evolution of isogamy and anisogamy in marine green algae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-08-21, 109 (34): 13692–13697. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10913692T. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3427103 . PMID 22869736. doi:10.1073/pnas.1203495109 .
Hörandl, Elvira; Hadacek, Franz. Oxygen, life forms, and the evolution of sexes in multicellular eukaryotes. Heredity. 2020-08-15, 125 (1): 1–14. ISSN 1365-2540. PMC 7413252 . PMID 32415185. doi:10.1038/s41437-020-0317-9 （英语）.