Dimmendaal, Gerrit. Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent. Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5. 18 September 2008: 840–858. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00085.x.
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Songhay. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.