演化 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "演化" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

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56web.archive.org

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26nih.gov

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25doi.org

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23worldcat.org

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9archive.org

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3darwin-online.org.uk

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66.102.7.104

enmicro.pdf^{[失效連結]}

34.46 (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

140.111.34.46

教育部國語辭典簡編本（網路版）：進化互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-12-09.
教育部國語辭典簡編本（網路版）：演化互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-12-08.

aaas.org (Global: 9,065^th place; Chinese: 7,035^th place)

IAP Statement on the Teaching of Evolution (PDF). The Interacademy Panel on International Issues. 2006 [2007-04-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-27）.
*Statement on the Teaching of Evolution (PDF). 美國科學促進會. 2006 [2007-04-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-02-21）.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Chinese: 4^th place)

Futuyma, Douglas J. Evolution. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2005. ISBN 0-87893-187-2.
Lande R, Arnold SJ. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution. 1983, 37: 1210–26. ISSN 0014-3820. doi:10.2307/2408842.
Attie AD, Sober E, Numbers RL, Amasino RM, Cox B, Berceau T, et al. Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action. J Clin Invest. 2006, 116 (5): 1134–8. PMC 1451210 . PMID 16670753. doi:10.1172/JCI28449.
Torrey, Harry Beal; Felin, Frances. Was Aristotle an Evolutionist?. The Quarterly Review of Biology. March 1937, 12 (1): 1–18. ISSN 0033-5770. JSTOR 2808399. doi:10.1086/394520.
Stamhuis, Ida H.; Meijer, Onno G.; Zevenhuizen, Erik J. A. Hugo de Vries on Heredity, 1889-1903: Statistics, Mendelian Laws, Pangenes, Mutations. Isis (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press). June 1999, 90 (2): 238–267. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 237050. PMID 10439561. doi:10.1086/384323.
Pearson H. Genetics: what is a gene?. Nature. 2006, 441 (7092): 398–401. PMID 16724031.
Mayeux R. Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 115 (6): 1404–07. PMID 15931374.
Jablonka, Eva; Raz, Gal. Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Implications for the Study of Heredity and Evolution. The Quarterly Review of Biology (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press). June 2009, 84 (2): 131–176. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 19606595. doi:10.1086/598822.
Gould, Stephen J. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Belknap Press. 2002. ISBN 0-674-00613-5.

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; Chinese: 642^nd place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

Waggoner, Ben. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778). Evolution (Online exhibit). Berkeley, CA: University of California Museum of Paleontology. 2000-07-07 [2012-02-11]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-30）.
Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802). Evolution (Online exhibit). Berkeley, CA: University of California Museum of Paleontology. 1995-10-04 [2012-02-11]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-21）.

evolution.berkeley.edu

Mechanisms: the processes of evolution. Understanding Evolution. University of California, Berkeley. [2006-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-15）.

bhp-gc.tw (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

遺傳疾病諮詢服務窗口 - 何謂「奠基者效應」? 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-09-28.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Chinese: 8^th place)

Hall & Hallgrímsson 2008，第4–6頁
Kampourakis 2014，第127–129頁
Stearns & Stearns 1999，第x頁
Miller & Spoolman 2012，第62頁
段雲章. 中山先生的世界觀. 秀威資訊科技股份有限公司. : 第四頁 [2010-08-08]. ISBN 9862213612. （原始内容存档于2014-09-21）.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; Chinese: 100^th place)

Desmond, Adrian J. Thomas Henry Huxley. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2014-07-17 [2014-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-19）.

catholic.com (Global: 7,885^th place; Chinese: low place)

Adam, Eve, and Evolution. Catholic Answers. [2025-10-26]. Concerning biological evolution, the Church does not have an official position on whether various life forms developed over the course of time.

china.com (Global: 3,388^th place; Chinese: 139^th place)

3g.china.com

【微观西藏】藏族神话——最力挺达尔文的人类起源传说. [2018-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-01）.

chineseapologetics.net (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

張逸萍. 化石是進化論的大敵人. 為真道爭辯. [2025-10-03].

darwin-online.org.uk (Global: 2,821^st place; Chinese: low place)

Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species 1st. London: John Murray. 1859: 1 [2007-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-13）. . Related earlier ideas were acknowledged in Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species 3rd. London: John Murray. 1861: xiii [2007-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-14）.
Darwin, Charles. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 1876 [2010-08-08]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-10）.
Darwin, Charles; Wallace, Alfred. On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 1858-08-20, 3 (9): 45–62 [2007-05-13]. ISSN 1096-3642. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x. （原始内容存档于2007-07-14）.

darwinproject.ac.uk (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Burkhardt & Smith 1991 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBurkhardtSmith1991 (幫助)
- Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John. Darwin Correspondence Project. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge. [2014-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-15）.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Chinese: 23^rd place)

Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. Precambrian Research (Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier). 2007-10-05, 158 (3–4): 141–155. ISSN 0301-9268. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009.
Doolittle, W. Ford. Uprooting the Tree of Life (PDF). Scientific American (Stuttgart: Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group). February 2000, 282 (2): 90–95 [2015-04-05]. ISSN 0036-8733. PMID 10710791. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-09-07）.
Glansdorff, Nicolas; Ying Xu; Labedan, Bernard. The Last Universal Common Ancestor: emergence, constitution and genetic legacy of an elusive forerunner. Biology Direct (London: BioMed Central). 2008-07-09, 3: 29. ISSN 1745-6150. PMC 2478661 . PMID 18613974. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-29.
Mora, Camilo; Tittensor, Derek P.; Adl, Sina; et al. How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?. PLOS Biology (San Francisco, CA: Public Library of Science). 2011-08-23, 9 (8): e1001127. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 3160336 . PMID 21886479. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127.
Lande R, Arnold SJ. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution. 1983, 37: 1210–26. ISSN 0014-3820. doi:10.2307/2408842.
How true is the theory of evolution?. Nature. 12 March 1981, 290 (5802): 82 [2022-01-17]. doi:10.1038/290075a0. （原始内容存档于2022-06-23）.
Attie AD, Sober E, Numbers RL, Amasino RM, Cox B, Berceau T, et al. Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action. J Clin Invest. 2006, 116 (5): 1134–8. PMC 1451210 . PMID 16670753. doi:10.1172/JCI28449.
Torrey, Harry Beal; Felin, Frances. Was Aristotle an Evolutionist?. The Quarterly Review of Biology. March 1937, 12 (1): 1–18. ISSN 0033-5770. JSTOR 2808399. doi:10.1086/394520.
Hull, David L. The Metaphysics of Evolution. The British Journal for the History of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). December 1967, 3 (4): 309–337. JSTOR 4024958. doi:10.1017/S0007087400002892.
Jablonka, Eva; Lamb, Marion J. Précis of Evolution in Four Dimensions. Behavioural and Brain Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). August 2007, 30 (4): 353–365. ISSN 0140-525X. doi:10.1017/S0140525X07002221.
Sulloway, Frank J. Why Darwin rejected intelligent design. Journal of Biosciences (Bangalore: Indian Academy of Sciences). June 2009, 34 (2): 173–183. ISSN 0250-5991. PMID 19550032. doi:10.1007/s12038-009-0020-8.
Sober, Elliott. Did Darwin write the Origin backwards?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2009-06-16, 106 (Suppl. 1): 10048–10055. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610048S. ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901109106.
Sokal, Robert R.; Crovello, Theodore J. The Biological Species Concept: A Critical Evaluation. The American Naturalist (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press on behalf of the American Society of Naturalists). March–April 1970, 104 (936): 127–153. ISSN 0003-0147. JSTOR 2459191. doi:10.1086/282646.
Darwin, Charles; Wallace, Alfred. On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 1858-08-20, 3 (9): 45–62 [2007-05-13]. ISSN 1096-3642. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x. （原始内容存档于2007-07-14）.
Liu, Y. S.; Zhou, X. M.; Zhi, M. X.; Li, X. J.; Wang, Q. L. Darwin's contributions to genetics. Journal of Applied Genetics (Poznań: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences). September 2009, 50 (3): 177–184. ISSN 1234-1983. PMID 19638672. doi:10.1007/BF03195671.
Weiling, Franz. Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel 1822–1884. American Journal of Medical Genetics. July 1991, 40 (1): 1–25; discussion 26. PMID 1887835. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320400103.
Stamhuis, Ida H.; Meijer, Onno G.; Zevenhuizen, Erik J. A. Hugo de Vries on Heredity, 1889-1903: Statistics, Mendelian Laws, Pangenes, Mutations. Isis (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press). June 1999, 90 (2): 238–267. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 237050. PMID 10439561. doi:10.1086/384323.
Watson, J. D.; Crick, F. H. C. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (PDF). Nature (London: Nature Publishing Group). 1953-04-25, 171 (4356): 737–738 [2014-12-04]. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 13054692. doi:10.1038/171737a0. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-08-23）. It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.
Dobzhansky, Theodosius. Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution. The American Biology Teacher (McLean, VA: National Association of Biology Teachers). March 1973, 35 (3): 125–129. doi:10.2307/4444260.
Kutschera, Ulrich; Niklas, Karl J. The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis. Naturwissenschaften (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg). June 2004, 91 (6): 255–276. Bibcode:2004NW.....91..255K. ISSN 1432-1904. PMID 15241603. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y.
Avise, John C.; Ayala, Francisco J. In the light of evolution IV: The human condition (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2010-05-11, 107 (Suppl. 2): 8897–8901 [2014-12-29]. ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.100321410. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-22）.
Jablonka, Eva; Raz, Gal. Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Implications for the Study of Heredity and Evolution. The Quarterly Review of Biology (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press). June 2009, 84 (2): 131–176. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 19606595. doi:10.1086/598822.
Bossdorf, Oliver; Arcuri, Davide; Richards, Christina L.; Pigliucci, Massimo. Experimental alteration of DNA methylation affects the phenotypic plasticity of ecologically relevant traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. Evolutionary Ecology (Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer Netherlands). May 2010, 24 (3): 541–553. ISSN 0269-7653. doi:10.1007/s10682-010-9372-7.
Emma E. Goldberg, Joshua R. Kohn, Russell Lande, Kelly A. Robertson, Stephen A. Smith, Boris Igić. Species Selection Maintains Self-Incompatibility. Science. 2010-10-22: 493-495. doi:10.1126/science.1194513.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2015-11-24, 112 (47): 14518–14521 [2015-12-30]. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4664351 . PMID 26483481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-06）.

esalenctr.org (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Peter Gogarten - Evolutionary Theory （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; Chinese: 608^th place)

Etymology of Evolution. [2009-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-07）.

excite.com (Global: low place; Chinese: 6,262^nd place)

apnews.excite.com

Borenstein, Seth. Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth. Excite (Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network). Associated Press. 2015-10-19 [2015-10-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-23）.

fhl.net (Global: low place; Chinese: 1,134^th place)

life.fhl.net

timo (太醫). 進化論突破. 心靈小憩. [2025-09-26].

gizmodo.com (Global: 474^th place; Chinese: 1,083^rd place)

Dvorsky, George. Does the new Pope believe in evolution?. Gizmodo. 2013-03-16 [2025-10-03] （美国英语）.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; Chinese: 57^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Sober, Elliott. Did Darwin write the Origin backwards?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2009-06-16, 106 (Suppl. 1): 10048–10055. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610048S. ISSN 0027-8424. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901109106.
Watson, J. D.; Crick, F. H. C. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (PDF). Nature (London: Nature Publishing Group). 1953-04-25, 171 (4356): 737–738 [2014-12-04]. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 13054692. doi:10.1038/171737a0. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-08-23）. It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.
Kutschera, Ulrich; Niklas, Karl J. The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis. Naturwissenschaften (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg). June 2004, 91 (6): 255–276. Bibcode:2004NW.....91..255K. ISSN 1432-1904. PMID 15241603. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y.

interacademies.net (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

IAP Statement on the Teaching of Evolution (PDF). The Interacademy Panel on International Issues. 2006 [2007-04-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-27）.
*Statement on the Teaching of Evolution (PDF). 美國科學促進會. 2006 [2007-04-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-02-21）.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; Chinese: 113^th place)

Torrey, Harry Beal; Felin, Frances. Was Aristotle an Evolutionist?. The Quarterly Review of Biology. March 1937, 12 (1): 1–18. ISSN 0033-5770. JSTOR 2808399. doi:10.1086/394520.
Hull, David L. The Metaphysics of Evolution. The British Journal for the History of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). December 1967, 3 (4): 309–337. JSTOR 4024958. doi:10.1017/S0007087400002892.
Sokal, Robert R.; Crovello, Theodore J. The Biological Species Concept: A Critical Evaluation. The American Naturalist (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press on behalf of the American Society of Naturalists). March–April 1970, 104 (936): 127–153. ISSN 0003-0147. JSTOR 2459191. doi:10.1086/282646.
Stamhuis, Ida H.; Meijer, Onno G.; Zevenhuizen, Erik J. A. Hugo de Vries on Heredity, 1889-1903: Statistics, Mendelian Laws, Pangenes, Mutations. Isis (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press). June 1999, 90 (2): 238–267. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 237050. PMID 10439561. doi:10.1086/384323.
Dobzhansky, Theodosius, Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution, American Biology Teacher, March 1973, 35 (3): 125–129, JSTOR 4444260 ; reprinted in Zetterberg, J. Peter (编), Evolution versus Creationism, Phoenix, AZ: ORYX Press, 1983

leeds.ac.uk (Global: 5,235^th place; Chinese: 4,304^th place)

lics.leeds.ac.uk

Sedley, David. Lucretius and the New Empedocles (PDF). Leeds International Classical Studies (Leeds, West Yorkshire, England: Leeds International Classics Seminar). 2003, 2 (4) [2014-11-25]. ISSN 1477-3643. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-08-23）.

libertytimes.com.tw (Global: 2,235^th place; Chinese: 69^th place)

自由時報 - 白頭翁亂搞烏頭翁變種？互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-09-29.

merit-times.com.tw (Global: low place; Chinese: 916^th place)

梵蒂岡與達爾文和解. 人間福報. 2009-02-13. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

montana.edu (Global: 7,206^th place; Chinese: low place)

shiva.msu.montana.edu

Doolittle, W. Ford. Uprooting the Tree of Life (PDF). Scientific American (Stuttgart: Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group). February 2000, 282 (2): 90–95 [2015-04-05]. ISSN 0036-8733. PMID 10710791. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-09-07）.

nap.edu (Global: 2,128^th place; Chinese: 1,765^th place)

NAS 2008, pp. R11–R12 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
NAS 2008, p. 17 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

nas.edu (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Evolution Resources. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016 [2016-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-03）.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; Chinese: 227^th place)

How true is the theory of evolution?. Nature. 12 March 1981, 290 (5802): 82 [2022-01-17]. doi:10.1038/290075a0. （原始内容存档于2022-06-23）.

nau.edu (Global: 9,029^th place; Chinese: low place)

www2.nau.edu

Pennisi_2003.pdf 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-02-18.

ncse.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

Many scientists see God's hand in evolution, Witham, Larry, Reports of the National Center for Science Education 17(6): 33, 1997. [2018-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.
American Academy of Religion on teaching creationism. National Center for Science Education. 2010-07-23 [2010-08-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-28）.

newadvent.org (Global: 471^st place; Chinese: 1,130^th place)

Wasmann, Erich. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Catholics and Evolution. New Advent. Robert Appleton Company. [First published in 1909] [2025-10-03].

news.google.com (Global: 59^th place; Chinese: 494^th place)

Douglas Dowie. Reagan favoring 'old time religion'. The Telegraph. 1980-08-23 [2012-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-12）.

ngensis.com (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

延陵科學綜合室 - 人類志（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

nhlue.edu.tw (Global: low place; Chinese: low place)

野外地質觀察 - 野外地質調查的理論與實務^{[失效連結]}

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; Chinese: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Doolittle, W. Ford. Uprooting the Tree of Life (PDF). Scientific American (Stuttgart: Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group). February 2000, 282 (2): 90–95 [2015-04-05]. ISSN 0036-8733. PMID 10710791. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-09-07）.
Glansdorff, Nicolas; Ying Xu; Labedan, Bernard. The Last Universal Common Ancestor: emergence, constitution and genetic legacy of an elusive forerunner. Biology Direct (London: BioMed Central). 2008-07-09, 3: 29. ISSN 1745-6150. PMC 2478661 . PMID 18613974. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-29.
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- Mark Isaak，（[//web.archive.org/web/20131003174642/http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-misconceptions.html 页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）]页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Five Major Misconceptions about Evolution. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） TalkOrigins。
- 三思科学 - 对于进化的五个主要误解（翻譯自TalkOrigins）互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-01-03.

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