肺炎 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "肺炎" in Chinese language version.

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71nih.gov

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57doi.org

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49web.archive.org

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18books.google.com

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7archive.org

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3who.int

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3cdc.gov

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3ahrq.gov

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2wikipedia.org

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2medscape.com

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1bmj.com

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1bumrungrad.com

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1tmc.edu

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1ebmedicine.net

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1google.gr

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1dorlands.com

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1worldcat.org

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1caijournal.com

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1australianprescriber.com

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1wikisource.org

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1worldpneumoniaday.org

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aafp.org

Lutfiyya MN; Henley, E; Chang, LF; Reyburn, SW. Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (PDF). Am Fam Physician. February 2006, 73 (3): 442–50 [2016-06-12]. PMID 16477891. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-09）.

ahrq.gov

meps.ahrq.gov

Household Component Summary Data Tables. （原始内容存档于2017-02-20）.
Household Component Summary Data Tables. （原始内容存档于2017-02-20）.

hcup-us.ahrq.gov

Weiss AJ, Wier LM, Stocks C, Blanchard J. Overview of Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 2011. HCUP Statistical Brief #174. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. June 2014 [2016-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-03）.

archive.org

McLuckie, A. (编). Respiratory disease and its management. New York: Springer. 2009: 51. ISBN 978-1-84882-094-4.
Bracy Clark. Inflammation of the Lungs: Pneumonia, Or Pneumonitis. 1838.
Nair, GB; Niederman, MS. Community-acquired pneumonia: an unfinished battle. The Medical clinics of North America. November 2011, 95 (6): 1143–61. PMID 22032432. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.007.
Ortqvist, A; Hedlund, J; Kalin, M. Streptococcus pneumoniae: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine. December 2005, 26 (6): 563–74. PMID 16388428. doi:10.1055/s-2005-925523.
Volume editors, Ulrich Costabel. Diffuse parenchymal lung disease : ... 47 tables [Online-Ausg.] Basel: Karger. 2007: 4. ISBN 978-3-8055-8153-0.
Ranganathan, SC; Sonnappa, S. Pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Pediatric clinics of North America. February 2009, 56 (1): 135–56, xi. PMID 19135585. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.005.
William Osler; Thomas McCrae. The principles and practice of medicine: designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine 9th. D. Appleton. 1920: 78. One of the most widespread and fatal of all acute diseases, pneumonia has become the "Captain of the Men of Death", to use the phrase applied by John Bunyan to consumption.

australianprescriber.com

O'Connor S. Aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis. Australian Prescriber. 2003, 26 (1): 14–7. （原始内容存档于2009-07-09）.

bmj.com

Hoare Z; Lim WS. Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management (PDF). BMJ. 2006, 332 (7549): 1077–9 [2014-09-24]. PMC 1458569 . PMID 16675815. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1077. （原始内容存档于2020-04-09）.

books.google.com

Ashby, Bonnie; Turkington, Carol. The encyclopedia of infectious diseases 3rd. New York: Facts on File. 2007: 242 [2011-04-21]. ISBN 0-8160-6397-4. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
Behera, D. Textbook of pulmonary medicine 2nd. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub. 2010: 296–297 [2016-06-12]. ISBN 9788184487497. （原始内容存档于2016-09-14）.
Jeffrey C. Pommerville. Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology 9th. Sudbury MA: Jones & Bartlett. 2010: 323. ISBN 0-7637-6258-X. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
Leach, Richard E. Acute and Critical Care Medicine at a Glance 2nd. Wiley-Blackwell. 2009 [2016-04-29]. ISBN 1-4051-6139-6. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
George, Ronald B. Chest medicine : essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine 5th. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005: 353 [2016-04-29]. ISBN 9780781752732. （原始内容存档于2021-05-02）.
Lowe, J. F.; Stevens, Alan. Pathology 2nd. St. Louis: Mosby. 2000: 197. ISBN 0-7234-3200-7. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）.
Snydman, editors, Raleigh A. Bowden, Per Ljungman, David R. Transplant infections 3rd. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010: 187 [2016-05-14]. ISBN 978-1-58255-820-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
Behera, D. Textbook of pulmonary medicine 2nd. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub. 2010: 391–394 [2016-05-14]. ISBN 8184487495. （原始内容存档于2016-05-17）.
Maskell, Nick; Millar, Ann. Oxford desk reference.. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009: 196 [2016-05-14]. ISBN 9780199239122. （原始内容存档于2021-05-03）.
ed. in chief Richard K. Root. Eds. Francis Waldvogel. Clinical infectious diseases : a practical approach. New York, NY [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. 1999: 833 [2016-05-27]. ISBN 978-0-19-508103-9. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
editors, Gary R. Fleisher, Stephen Ludwig ; associate editors, Richard G. Bachur [et at.]. Textbook of pediatric emergency medicine 6th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. 2010: 914 [2016-05-27]. ISBN 1605471593. （原始内容存档于2021-05-08）.
Fein, Alan. Diagnosis and management of pneumonia and other respiratory infections 2nd. Caddo, OK: Professional Communications. 2006: 28–29 [2016-05-27]. ISBN 1884735630. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
Ezzati, edited by Majid; Lopez, Alan D.; Rodgers, Anthony; Murray, Christopher J.L. Comparative quantification of health risks. Genève: Organisation mondiale de la santé. 2004: 70 [2016-05-27]. ISBN 978-92-4-158031-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
Helms, editors, William E. Brant, Clyde A. Fundamentals of diagnostic radiology 4th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012-03-20: 435 [2016-06-05]. ISBN 9781608319114. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
organization, World health. Pocket book of hospital care for children : guidelines for the management of common illnesses with limited resources.. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2005: 72 [2016-06-05]. ISBN 978-92-4-154670-6. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
Feigin, Ralph. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 5th. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders（英语：W. B. Saunders）. 2004: 299 [2016-06-12]. ISBN 978-0-7216-9329-3. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
edited by J.F. Tomashefski, Jr. []; et al. Dail and Hammar's pulmonary pathology 3rd. New York: Springer. 2008: 228 [2016-06-12]. ISBN 978-0-387-98395-0. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
William Osler; Thomas McCrae. The principles and practice of medicine: designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine 9th. D. Appleton. 1920: 78. One of the most widespread and fatal of all acute diseases, pneumonia has become the "Captain of the Men of Death", to use the phrase applied by John Bunyan to consumption.

bumrungrad.com

Pneumonitis and Pneumonia. Bumrungrad International Hospital. [2024-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2024-08-07）.

caijournal.com

Luna, CarlosM; Grosso, Alejandra; Famiglietti, Angela. Community-acquired pneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria. Community Acquired Infection. 2015-10-01, 2 (4) [2022-07-15]. doi:10.4103/2225-6482.172651. （原始内容存档于2020-02-11）（英语）.

cdc.gov

Seasonal Influenza (Flu). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [2011-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-21）.
Pneumonia Can Be Prevented — Vaccines Can Help. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [2012-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-28）.

wwwnc.cdc.gov

Hajjeh, Rana; Whitney, Cynthia G. Call to Action on World Pneumonia Day. Emerging Infectious Diseases. November 2012, 18 (11): 1898–1899 [2016-05-27]. PMC 3559175 . PMID 23092708. doi:10.3201/eid1811.121217. （原始内容存档于2016-05-13）.

doi.org

Hoare Z; Lim WS. Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management (PDF). BMJ. 2006, 332 (7549): 1077–9 [2014-09-24]. PMC 1458569 . PMID 16675815. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1077. （原始内容存档于2020-04-09）.
Ruuskanen, O; Lahti, E; Jennings, LC; Murdoch, DR. Viral pneumonia. Lancet. 2011-04-09, 377 (9773): 1264–75. PMID 21435708. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6.
Lodha, R; Kabra, SK; Pandey, RM. Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-06-04, 6: CD004874. PMID 23733365. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004874.pub4.
Singh, V; Aneja, S. Pneumonia — management in the developing world. Paediatric respiratory reviews. March 2011, 12 (1): 52–9. PMID 21172676. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.011.
Liu, L; Johnson, HL; Cousens, S; Perin, J; Scott, S; Lawn, JE; Rudan, I; Campbell, H; Cibulskis, R; Li, M; Mathers, C; Black, RE; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and, UNICEF. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2012-06-09, 379 (9832): 2151–61. PMID 22579125. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60560-1.
Nair, GB; Niederman, MS. Community-acquired pneumonia: an unfinished battle. The Medical clinics of North America. November 2011, 95 (6): 1143–61. PMID 22032432. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.007.
Ortqvist, A; Hedlund, J; Kalin, M. Streptococcus pneumoniae: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine. December 2005, 26 (6): 563–74. PMID 16388428. doi:10.1055/s-2005-925523.
Eom, CS; Jeon, CY; Lim, JW; Cho, EG; Park, SM; Lee, KS. Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 2011-02-22, 183 (3): 310–9. PMC 3042441 . PMID 21173070. doi:10.1503/cmaj.092129.
Sharma, S; Maycher, B; Eschun, G. Radiological imaging in pneumonia: recent innovations. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2007, 13 (3): 159–69. PMID 17414122. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3280f3bff4.
Anevlavis S; Bouros D. Community acquired bacterial pneumonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. February 2010, 11 (3): 361–74. PMID 20085502. doi:10.1517/14656560903508770.
Figueiredo LT. Viral pneumonia: epidemiological, clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects. J Bras Pneumol. September 2009, 35 (9): 899–906. PMID 19820817. doi:10.1590/S1806-37132009000900012.
Vijayan, VK. Parasitic lung infections. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2009, 15 (3): 274–82. PMID 19276810. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328326f3f8.
Ranganathan, SC; Sonnappa, S. Pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Pediatric clinics of North America. February 2009, 56 (1): 135–56, xi. PMID 19135585. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.005.
Lynch, T; Bialy, L; Kellner, JD; Osmond, MH; Klassen, TP; Durec, T; Leicht, R; Johnson, DW. Huicho, Luis , 编. A systematic review on the diagnosis of pediatric bacterial pneumonia: when gold is bronze. PLoS ONE. 2010-08-06, 5 (8): e11989. PMC 2917358 . PMID 20700510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011989.
Rambaud-Althaus, C; Althaus, F; Genton, B; D'Acremont, V. Clinical features for diagnosis of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. The Lancet. Infectious diseases. April 2015, 15 (4): 439–50. PMID 25769269. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(15)70017-4.
Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Le Jeune I, Macfarlane JT, Read RC, Roberts HJ, Levy ML, Wani M, Woodhead MA; Pneumonia Guidelines Committee of the BTS Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax. October 2009, 64 (Suppl 3): iii1–55. PMID 19783532. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.121434.
Call, SA; Vollenweider, MA; Hornung, CA; Simel, DL; McKinney, WP. Does this patient have influenza?. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2005-02-23, 293 (8): 987–97. PMID 15728170. doi:10.1001/jama.293.8.987.
Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2007-03-01, 44 (Suppl 2): S27–72. PMID 17278083. doi:10.1086/511159.
Dunn, L. Pneumonia: classification, diagnosis and nursing management. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987). June 29 – July 5, 2005, 19 (42): 50–4. PMID 16013205. doi:10.7748/ns2005.06.19.42.50.c3901.
Anand, N; Kollef, MH, The alphabet soup of pneumonia: CAP, HAP, HCAP, NHAP, and VAP, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2009, 30 (1): 3–9, PMID 19199181, doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119803.
American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America, Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005, 171 (4): 388–416, PMID 15699079, doi:10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST.
Blasi, F.; Mantero, M.; Santus, PierAchille; Tarsia, P. Understanding the burden of pneumococcal disease in adults. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012-10-01,. 18 Suppl 5: 7–14 [2016-06-12]. ISSN 1469-0691. PMID 22882668. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03937.x. （原始内容存档于2020-05-17）.
Luna, CarlosM; Grosso, Alejandra; Famiglietti, Angela. Community-acquired pneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria. Community Acquired Infection. 2015-10-01, 2 (4) [2022-07-15]. doi:10.4103/2225-6482.172651. （原始内容存档于2020-02-11）（英语）.
Jefferson, T; Di Pietrantonj, C; Rivetti, A; Bawazeer, GA; Al-Ansary, LA; Ferroni, E. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-03-13, 3: CD001269. PMID 24623315. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub5.
Moberley, S; Holden, J; Tatham, DP; Andrews, RM. Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-01-31, 1: CD000422. PMID 23440780. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000422.pub3.
Jefferson, T; Demicheli, V; Di Pietrantonj, C; Rivetti, D. Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2006-04-19, (2): CD001169. PMID 16625539. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001169.pub3.
Jefferson, T; Jones, MA; Doshi, P; Del Mar, CB; Hama, R; Thompson, MJ; Spencer, EA; Onakpoya, I; Mahtani, KR; Nunan, D; Howick, J; Heneghan, CJ. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-04-10, 4: CD008965. PMID 24718923. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4.
Gray, DM; Zar, HJ. Community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected children: a global perspective. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2010, 16 (3): 208–16. PMID 20375782. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283387984.
Huang L, Cattamanchi A, Davis JL, den Boon S, Kovacs J, Meshnick S, Miller RF, Walzer PD, Worodria W, Masur H; International HIV-associated Opportunistic Pneumonias (IHOP) Study; Lung HIV Study. HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. June 2011, 8 (3): 294–300. PMC 3132788 . PMID 21653531. doi:10.1513/pats.201009-062WR.
Stern, A; Green, H; Paul, M; Vidal, L; Leibovici, L. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-10-01, 10: CD005590. PMID 25269391. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005590.pub3.
Taminato, M; Fram, D; Torloni, MR; Belasco, AG; Saconato, H; Barbosa, DA. Screening for group B Streptococcus in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. November–December 2011, 19 (6): 1470–8. PMID 22249684. doi:10.1590/s0104-11692011000600026.
Darville, T. Chlamydia trachomatis infections in neonates and young children. Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases. October 2005, 16 (4): 235–44. PMID 16210104. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2005.06.004.
van der Maarel-Wierink, CD; Vanobbergen, JN; Bronkhorst, EM; Schols, JM; de Baat, C. Oral health care and aspiration pneumonia in frail older people: a systematic literature review. Gerodontology. 2012-03-06, 30 (1): 3–9. PMID 22390255. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00637.x.
Lassi, ZS.; Haider, BA.; Bhutta, ZA. Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, (12): CD005978. PMID 21154362. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005978.pub2.
Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, Kaplan SL, Mace SE, McCracken GH Jr, Moore MR, St Peter SD, Stockwell JA, Swanson JT, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2011-08-31, 53 (7): e25–76. PMID 21880587. doi:10.1093/cid/cir531.
Yang, M; Yan, Y; Yin, X; Wang, BY; Wu, T; Liu, GJ; Dong, BR. Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-02-28, 2: CD006338. PMID 23450568. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006338.pub3.
Chang, CC; Cheng, AC; Chang, AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-03-10, 3: CD006088. PMID 24615334. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub4.
Haider, BA; Lassi, ZS; Ahmed, A; Bhutta, ZA. Bhutta, Zulfiqar A , 编. Zinc supplementation as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months of age. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011-10-05, (10): CD007368. PMID 21975768. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007368.pub2.
Phua J, Dean NC, Guo Q, Kuan WS, Lim HF, Lim TK. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: timely management measures in the first 24 hours. Critical Care. August 2016, 20 (1): 237. PMC 5002335 . PMID 27567896. doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1414-2.
Zhang Y, Fang C, Dong BR, Wu T, Deng JL. Dong BR , 编. Oxygen therapy for pneumonia in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March 2012, 3 (3): CD006607. PMID 22419316. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006607.pub4.
Prina E, Ranzani OT, Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. September 2015, 386 (9998): 1097–108. PMC 7173092 . PMID 26277247. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60733-4.
Eliakim-Raz, N; Robenshtok, E; Shefet, D; Gafter-Gvili, A; Vidal, L; Paul, M; Leibovici, L. Eliakim-Raz, Noa , 编. Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-09-12, 9: CD004418. PMID 22972070. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004418.pub4.
Scalera NM; File, TM. How long should we treat community-acquired pneumonia?. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. April 2007, 20 (2): 177–81. PMID 17496577. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3280555072.
American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America（英语：Infectious Diseases Society of America）. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. February 2005, 171 (4): 388–416. PMID 15699079. doi:10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST.
Lee, JS; Giesler, DL; Gellad, WF; Fine, MJ. Antibiotic Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review.. JAMA. 2016-02-09, 315 (6): 593–602. PMID 26864413. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0115.
Siemieniuk, RA; Meade, MO; Alonso-Coello, P; Briel, M; Evaniew, N; Prasad, M; Alexander, PE; Fei, Y; Vandvik, PO; Loeb, M; Guyatt, GH. Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2015-08-11, 163: 519–28. PMID 26258555. doi:10.7326/M15-0715.
Wan, YD; Sun, TW; Liu, ZQ; Zhang, SG; Wang, LX; Kan, QC. Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Chest. January 2016, 149 (1): 209–19. PMID 26501852. doi:10.1378/chest.15-1733.
Marik, PE. Pulmonary aspiration syndromes. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2011, 17 (3): 148–54. PMID 21311332. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834397d6.
Rello, J. Demographics, guidelines, and clinical experience in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Critical care (London, England). 2008,. 12 Suppl 6 (Suppl 6): S2. PMC 2607112 . PMID 19105795. doi:10.1186/cc7025.
Yu, H. Management of pleural effusion, empyema, and lung abscess. Seminars in interventional radiology. March 2011, 28 (1): 75–86. PMC 3140254 . PMID 22379278. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1273942.
Liu, L; Johnson, HL; Cousens, S; Perin, J; Scott, S; Lawn, JE; Rudan, I; Campbell, H; Cibulskis, R; Li, M; Mathers, C; Black, RE; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and, UNICEF. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2012-06-09, 379 (9832): 2151–61. PMID 22579125. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60560-1.
Rudan, I; Boschi-Pinto, C; Biloglav, Z; Mulholland, K; Campbell, H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. May 2008, 86 (5): 408–16. PMC 2647437 . PMID 18545744. doi:10.2471/BLT.07.048769.
Friedländer C. Über die Schizomyceten bei der acuten fibrösen Pneumonie. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin. 1882-02-04, 87 (2): 319–324. doi:10.1007/BF01880516.
Adams WG; Deaver, KA; Cochi, SL; et al. Decline of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era. JAMA. January 1993, 269 (2): 221–6. PMID 8417239. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500020055031.
Whitney CG; Farley, MM; Hadler, J; et al. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. May 2003, 348 (18): 1737–46. PMID 12724479. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022823.
Hajjeh, Rana; Whitney, Cynthia G. Call to Action on World Pneumonia Day. Emerging Infectious Diseases. November 2012, 18 (11): 1898–1899 [2016-05-27]. PMC 3559175 . PMID 23092708. doi:10.3201/eid1811.121217. （原始内容存档于2016-05-13）.
Welte T, Torres A, Nathwani D. Clinical and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Europe. Thorax. January 2012, 67 (1): 71–9. PMID 20729232. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.129502.

dorlands.com

Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier, [2016-05-27], （原始内容存档于2014-01-11）.

ebmedicine.net

Eddy, Orin. Community-Acquired Pneumonia: From Common Pathogens To Emerging Resistance. Emergency Medicine Practice. Dec 2005, 7 (12) [2014-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-15）.

google.gr

books.google.gr

Marrie, edited by Thomas J. Community-acquired pneumonia. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2002: 20 [2016-05-14]. ISBN 9780306468346. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Practice Essentials, Overview, Etiology of CAP. [2016-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-04）.

medscape.com

Ricki Lewis. Corticosteroids Effective in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. www.medscape.com. 2015-08-11 [2016-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-31）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hoare Z; Lim WS. Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management (PDF). BMJ. 2006, 332 (7549): 1077–9 [2014-09-24]. PMC 1458569 . PMID 16675815. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1077. （原始内容存档于2020-04-09）.
Ruuskanen, O; Lahti, E; Jennings, LC; Murdoch, DR. Viral pneumonia. Lancet. 2011-04-09, 377 (9773): 1264–75. PMID 21435708. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6.
Lodha, R; Kabra, SK; Pandey, RM. Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-06-04, 6: CD004874. PMID 23733365. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004874.pub4.
Mackenzie G. The definition and classification of pneumonia. Pneumonia (Nathan). 2016 Aug 22;8:14. doi: 10.1186/s41479-016-0012-z. PMID 28702293; PMCID: PMC5471962.
Singh, V; Aneja, S. Pneumonia — management in the developing world. Paediatric respiratory reviews. March 2011, 12 (1): 52–9. PMID 21172676. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2010.09.011.
Liu, L; Johnson, HL; Cousens, S; Perin, J; Scott, S; Lawn, JE; Rudan, I; Campbell, H; Cibulskis, R; Li, M; Mathers, C; Black, RE; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and, UNICEF. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2012-06-09, 379 (9832): 2151–61. PMID 22579125. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60560-1.
Nair, GB; Niederman, MS. Community-acquired pneumonia: an unfinished battle. The Medical clinics of North America. November 2011, 95 (6): 1143–61. PMID 22032432. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.007.
Darby, J; Buising, K. Could it be Legionella?. Australian family physician. October 2008, 37 (10): 812–5. PMID 19002299.
Ortqvist, A; Hedlund, J; Kalin, M. Streptococcus pneumoniae: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine. December 2005, 26 (6): 563–74. PMID 16388428. doi:10.1055/s-2005-925523.
Eom, CS; Jeon, CY; Lim, JW; Cho, EG; Park, SM; Lee, KS. Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 2011-02-22, 183 (3): 310–9. PMC 3042441 . PMID 21173070. doi:10.1503/cmaj.092129.
Sharma, S; Maycher, B; Eschun, G. Radiological imaging in pneumonia: recent innovations. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2007, 13 (3): 159–69. PMID 17414122. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3280f3bff4.
Anevlavis S; Bouros D. Community acquired bacterial pneumonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. February 2010, 11 (3): 361–74. PMID 20085502. doi:10.1517/14656560903508770.
Figueiredo LT. Viral pneumonia: epidemiological, clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects. J Bras Pneumol. September 2009, 35 (9): 899–906. PMID 19820817. doi:10.1590/S1806-37132009000900012.
Vijayan, VK. Parasitic lung infections. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2009, 15 (3): 274–82. PMID 19276810. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328326f3f8.
Ranganathan, SC; Sonnappa, S. Pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Pediatric clinics of North America. February 2009, 56 (1): 135–56, xi. PMID 19135585. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.005.
Lynch, T; Bialy, L; Kellner, JD; Osmond, MH; Klassen, TP; Durec, T; Leicht, R; Johnson, DW. Huicho, Luis , 编. A systematic review on the diagnosis of pediatric bacterial pneumonia: when gold is bronze. PLoS ONE. 2010-08-06, 5 (8): e11989. PMC 2917358 . PMID 20700510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011989.
Rambaud-Althaus, C; Althaus, F; Genton, B; D'Acremont, V. Clinical features for diagnosis of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. The Lancet. Infectious diseases. April 2015, 15 (4): 439–50. PMID 25769269. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(15)70017-4.
Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Le Jeune I, Macfarlane JT, Read RC, Roberts HJ, Levy ML, Wani M, Woodhead MA; Pneumonia Guidelines Committee of the BTS Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax. October 2009, 64 (Suppl 3): iii1–55. PMID 19783532. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.121434.
Saldías, F; Méndez, JI; Ramírez, D; Díaz, O. [Predictive value of history and physical examination for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a literature review]. Revista medica de Chile. April 2007, 135 (4): 517–28. PMID 17554463.
Call, SA; Vollenweider, MA; Hornung, CA; Simel, DL; McKinney, WP. Does this patient have influenza?. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2005-02-23, 293 (8): 987–97. PMID 15728170. doi:10.1001/jama.293.8.987.
Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG; Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2007-03-01, 44 (Suppl 2): S27–72. PMID 17278083. doi:10.1086/511159.
Dunn, L. Pneumonia: classification, diagnosis and nursing management. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987). June 29 – July 5, 2005, 19 (42): 50–4. PMID 16013205. doi:10.7748/ns2005.06.19.42.50.c3901.
Anand, N; Kollef, MH, The alphabet soup of pneumonia: CAP, HAP, HCAP, NHAP, and VAP, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 2009, 30 (1): 3–9, PMID 19199181, doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119803.
American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America, Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005, 171 (4): 388–416, PMID 15699079, doi:10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST.
Blasi, F.; Mantero, M.; Santus, PierAchille; Tarsia, P. Understanding the burden of pneumococcal disease in adults. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012-10-01,. 18 Suppl 5: 7–14 [2016-06-12]. ISSN 1469-0691. PMID 22882668. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03937.x. （原始内容存档于2020-05-17）.
Jefferson, T; Di Pietrantonj, C; Rivetti, A; Bawazeer, GA; Al-Ansary, LA; Ferroni, E. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-03-13, 3: CD001269. PMID 24623315. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub5.
Moberley, S; Holden, J; Tatham, DP; Andrews, RM. Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-01-31, 1: CD000422. PMID 23440780. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000422.pub3.
Jefferson, T; Demicheli, V; Di Pietrantonj, C; Rivetti, D. Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2006-04-19, (2): CD001169. PMID 16625539. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001169.pub3.
Jefferson, T; Jones, MA; Doshi, P; Del Mar, CB; Hama, R; Thompson, MJ; Spencer, EA; Onakpoya, I; Mahtani, KR; Nunan, D; Howick, J; Heneghan, CJ. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-04-10, 4: CD008965. PMID 24718923. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4.
Gray, DM; Zar, HJ. Community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected children: a global perspective. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2010, 16 (3): 208–16. PMID 20375782. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283387984.
Huang L, Cattamanchi A, Davis JL, den Boon S, Kovacs J, Meshnick S, Miller RF, Walzer PD, Worodria W, Masur H; International HIV-associated Opportunistic Pneumonias (IHOP) Study; Lung HIV Study. HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. June 2011, 8 (3): 294–300. PMC 3132788 . PMID 21653531. doi:10.1513/pats.201009-062WR.
Stern, A; Green, H; Paul, M; Vidal, L; Leibovici, L. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-10-01, 10: CD005590. PMID 25269391. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005590.pub3.
Taminato, M; Fram, D; Torloni, MR; Belasco, AG; Saconato, H; Barbosa, DA. Screening for group B Streptococcus in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. November–December 2011, 19 (6): 1470–8. PMID 22249684. doi:10.1590/s0104-11692011000600026.
Darville, T. Chlamydia trachomatis infections in neonates and young children. Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases. October 2005, 16 (4): 235–44. PMID 16210104. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2005.06.004.
Roggensack, A; Jefferies, AL; Farine, D; Basso, M; Delisle, MF; Hudon, L; Mundle, WR; Murphy-Kaulbeck, LC; Ouellet, A; Pressey, T. Management of meconium at birth. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC. April 2009, 31 (4): 353–4, 355–7. PMID 19497156.
van der Maarel-Wierink, CD; Vanobbergen, JN; Bronkhorst, EM; Schols, JM; de Baat, C. Oral health care and aspiration pneumonia in frail older people: a systematic literature review. Gerodontology. 2012-03-06, 30 (1): 3–9. PMID 22390255. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00637.x.
Lassi, ZS.; Haider, BA.; Bhutta, ZA. Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, (12): CD005978. PMID 21154362. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005978.pub2.
Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, Kaplan SL, Mace SE, McCracken GH Jr, Moore MR, St Peter SD, Stockwell JA, Swanson JT, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2011-08-31, 53 (7): e25–76. PMID 21880587. doi:10.1093/cid/cir531.
Yang, M; Yan, Y; Yin, X; Wang, BY; Wu, T; Liu, GJ; Dong, BR. Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-02-28, 2: CD006338. PMID 23450568. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006338.pub3.
Chang, CC; Cheng, AC; Chang, AB. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014-03-10, 3: CD006088. PMID 24615334. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006088.pub4.
Haider, BA; Lassi, ZS; Ahmed, A; Bhutta, ZA. Bhutta, Zulfiqar A , 编. Zinc supplementation as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months of age. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011-10-05, (10): CD007368. PMID 21975768. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007368.pub2.
Phua J, Dean NC, Guo Q, Kuan WS, Lim HF, Lim TK. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: timely management measures in the first 24 hours. Critical Care. August 2016, 20 (1): 237. PMC 5002335 . PMID 27567896. doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1414-2.
Zhang Y, Fang C, Dong BR, Wu T, Deng JL. Dong BR , 编. Oxygen therapy for pneumonia in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March 2012, 3 (3): CD006607. PMID 22419316. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006607.pub4.
Prina E, Ranzani OT, Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. September 2015, 386 (9998): 1097–108. PMC 7173092 . PMID 26277247. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60733-4.
Lutfiyya MN; Henley, E; Chang, LF; Reyburn, SW. Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (PDF). Am Fam Physician. February 2006, 73 (3): 442–50 [2016-06-12]. PMID 16477891. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-09）.
Eliakim-Raz, N; Robenshtok, E; Shefet, D; Gafter-Gvili, A; Vidal, L; Paul, M; Leibovici, L. Eliakim-Raz, Noa , 编. Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-09-12, 9: CD004418. PMID 22972070. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004418.pub4.
Scalera NM; File, TM. How long should we treat community-acquired pneumonia?. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. April 2007, 20 (2): 177–81. PMID 17496577. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3280555072.
American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America（英语：Infectious Diseases Society of America）. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. February 2005, 171 (4): 388–416. PMID 15699079. doi:10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST.
Lee, JS; Giesler, DL; Gellad, WF; Fine, MJ. Antibiotic Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review.. JAMA. 2016-02-09, 315 (6): 593–602. PMID 26864413. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0115.
Siemieniuk, RA; Meade, MO; Alonso-Coello, P; Briel, M; Evaniew, N; Prasad, M; Alexander, PE; Fei, Y; Vandvik, PO; Loeb, M; Guyatt, GH. Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2015-08-11, 163: 519–28. PMID 26258555. doi:10.7326/M15-0715.
Wan, YD; Sun, TW; Liu, ZQ; Zhang, SG; Wang, LX; Kan, QC. Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Chest. January 2016, 149 (1): 209–19. PMID 26501852. doi:10.1378/chest.15-1733.
Marik, PE. Pulmonary aspiration syndromes. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. May 2011, 17 (3): 148–54. PMID 21311332. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834397d6.
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nhlbi.nih.gov

Other Names for Pneumonia. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2016年2月6日）.
Who Is at Risk for Pneumonia?. NHLBI. March 1, 2011 [3 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于7 March 2016）.
How Is Pneumonia Diagnosed?. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.
How Can Pneumonia Be Prevented?. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.
How Is Pneumonia Treated?. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06）.
What Is Pneumonia?. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-29）.
NHLBI. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia?. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-19）.
Who Is at Risk for Pneumonia?. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.
Types of Pneumonia. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2016年2月5日）.

tmc.edu

mcgovern.library.tmc.edu

Osler, William. Principles and Practice of Medicine, 4th Edition. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1901: 108. （原始内容存档于2007-07-08）.

washingtonpost.com

One hospital charges $8,000 — another, $38,000 - The Washington Post. （原始内容存档于2015-07-25）.

web.archive.org

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How Is Pneumonia Diagnosed?. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.
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How Can Pneumonia Be Prevented?. NHLBI. 2011-03-01 [2016-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.
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Blasi, F.; Mantero, M.; Santus, PierAchille; Tarsia, P. Understanding the burden of pneumococcal disease in adults. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2012-10-01,. 18 Suppl 5: 7–14 [2016-06-12]. ISSN 1469-0691. PMID 22882668. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03937.x. （原始内容存档于2020-05-17）.

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