酒精戒斷症候群 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "酒精戒斷症候群" in Chinese language version.

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38nih.gov

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30doi.org

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17web.archive.org

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9semanticscholar.org

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5archive.org

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4books.google.com

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1psychiatryonline.org

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aafp.org

Bayard, Max; Jonah Mcintyre, Jonah. Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. American Family Physician. 15 March 2004, 69 (6): 1443–1450 [18 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-16）.
Bayard M, McIntyre J, Hill KR, Woodside J. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. American Family Physician. March 2004, 69 (6): 1443–50. PMID 15053409. （原始内容存档于2008-10-16）.

archive.org

Manasco A, Chang S, Larriviere J, Hamm LL, Glass M. Alcohol withdrawal. Southern Medical Journal. November 2012, 105 (11): 607–12. PMID 23128805. S2CID 25769989. doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e31826efb2d.
Courtney KE, Polich J. Binge drinking in young adults: Data, definitions, and determinants. Psychological Bulletin. January 2009, 135 (1): 142–56. PMC 2748736 . PMID 19210057. doi:10.1037/a0014414.
Bird RD, Makela EH. Alcohol withdrawal: what is the benzodiazepine of choice?. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. January 1994, 28 (1): 67–71. PMID 8123967. S2CID 24312761. doi:10.1177/106002809402800114.
Rassnick S, Krechman J, Koob GF. Chronic ethanol produces a decreased sensitivity to the response-disruptive effects of GABA receptor complex antagonists. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. April 1993, 44 (4): 943–50. PMID 8385785. S2CID 5909253. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90029-S.
Hodges B, Mazur JE. Intravenous ethanol for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy. November 2004, 24 (11): 1578–85. PMID 15537562. S2CID 19242952. doi:10.1592/phco.24.16.1578.50945.

archive.today

Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, Davoli M. Minozzi S , 编. Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March 2010, 3 (3): CD005064 [2010-04-22]. PMID 20238337. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005064.pub3. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-01-05）.

bioscience.org

Durazzo TC, Meyerhoff DJ. Neurobiological and neurocognitive effects of chronic cigarette smoking and alcoholism. Frontiers in Bioscience. May 2007, 12 (8–12): 4079–100. PMID 17485360. doi:10.2741/2373. （原始内容存档于2011-05-25）.

books.google.com

Martin SC. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives. SAGE Publications. 2014: Alcohol Withdrawal Scale. ISBN 9781483374383. （原始内容存档于2016-10-22）（英语）.
Kissin B, Begleiter H. The Biology of Alcoholism: Volume 3: Clinical Pathology. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013: 192. ISBN 9781468429374. （原始内容存档于2016-10-22）（英语）.
Ebadi M. Alphabetical presentation of drugs. Desk Reference for Clinical Pharmacology 2nd. USA: CRC Press. 23 October 2007: 512. ISBN 978-1-4200-4743-1.
Gitlow S. Substance Use Disorders: A Practical Guide 2nd. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 1 October 2006: 95–96 [2021-09-15]. ISBN 978-0-7817-6998-3. （原始内容存档于2023-01-14）.

choosingwisely.org

American Epilepsy Society Choosing Wisely. www.choosingwisely.org. [30 August 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-31）.

doi.org

Simpson SA, Wilson MP, Nordstrom K. Psychiatric Emergencies for Clinicians: Emergency Department Management of Alcohol Withdrawal. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. September 2016, 51 (3): 269–73. PMID 27319379. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.03.027.
Schuckit MA. Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens). The New England Journal of Medicine. November 2014, 371 (22): 2109–13 [2019-08-03]. PMID 25427113. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. （原始内容存档于2020-02-13）.
McKeon A, Frye MA, Delanty N. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. August 2008, 79 (8): 854–62. PMID 17986499. S2CID 2139796. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.128322.
Manasco A, Chang S, Larriviere J, Hamm LL, Glass M. Alcohol withdrawal. Southern Medical Journal. November 2012, 105 (11): 607–12. PMID 23128805. S2CID 25769989. doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e31826efb2d.
Martinotti G, Di Nicola M, Reina D, Andreoli S, Focà F, Cunniff A, et al. Alcohol protracted withdrawal syndrome: the role of anhedonia. Substance Use & Misuse. 2008, 43 (3–4): 271–84. PMID 18365930. S2CID 25872623. doi:10.1080/10826080701202429.
Hornyak M, Haas P, Veit J, Gann H, Riemann D. Magnesium treatment of primary alcohol-dependent patients during subacute withdrawal: an open pilot study with polysomnography. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. November 2004, 28 (11): 1702–9. PMID 15547457. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000145695.52747.BE.
Le Bon O, Murphy JR, Staner L, Hoffmann G, Kormoss N, Kentos M, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of trazodone in alcohol post-withdrawal syndrome: polysomnographic and clinical evaluations. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. August 2003, 23 (4): 377–83. PMID 12920414. S2CID 33686593. doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000085411.08426.d3.
Borras L, de Timary P, Constant EL, Huguelet P, Eytan A. Successful treatment of alcohol withdrawal with trazodone. Pharmacopsychiatry. November 2006, 39 (6): 232. PMID 17124647. doi:10.1055/s-2006-951385.
Miller FT. Protracted alcohol withdrawal delirium. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. March–April 1994, 11 (2): 127–30. PMID 8040915. doi:10.1016/0740-5472(94)90029-9.
Sanna E, Mostallino MC, Busonero F, Talani G, Tranquilli S, Mameli M, et al. Changes in GABA(A) receptor gene expression associated with selective alterations in receptor function and pharmacology after ethanol withdrawal. The Journal of Neuroscience. December 2003, 23 (37): 11711–24. PMC 6740939 . PMID 14684873. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-37-11711.2003.
Idemudia SO, Bhadra S, Lal H. The pentylenetetrazol-like interoceptive stimulus produced by ethanol withdrawal is potentiated by bicuculline and picrotoxinin. Neuropsychopharmacology. June 1989, 2 (2): 115–22. PMID 2742726. doi:10.1016/0893-133X(89)90014-6.
Hughes JR. Alcohol withdrawal seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior. June 2009, 15 (2): 92–7. PMID 19249388. S2CID 20197292. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.02.037.
Heilig M, Egli M, Crabbe JC, Becker HC. Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism: are they linked?. Addiction Biology. April 2010, 15 (2): 169–84. PMC 3268458 . PMID 20148778. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00194.x.
Stephens DN, Duka T. Review. Cognitive and emotional consequences of binge drinking: role of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. October 2008, 363 (1507): 3169–79. PMC 2607328 . PMID 18640918. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0097.
Courtney KE, Polich J. Binge drinking in young adults: Data, definitions, and determinants. Psychological Bulletin. January 2009, 135 (1): 142–56. PMC 2748736 . PMID 19210057. doi:10.1037/a0014414.
Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). British Journal of Addiction. November 1989, 84 (11): 1353–7. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.489.341 . PMID 2597811. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x.
Amato L, Minozzi S, Vecchi S, Davoli M. Amato L , 编. Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March 2010, 3 (3): CD005063. PMID 20238336. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005063.pub3.
Bird RD, Makela EH. Alcohol withdrawal: what is the benzodiazepine of choice?. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. January 1994, 28 (1): 67–71. PMID 8123967. S2CID 24312761. doi:10.1177/106002809402800114.
Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M. Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. June 2011, (6): CD008537. PMC 7173734 . PMID 21678378. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008537.pub2. 已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助)
Toki S, Saito T, Nabeshima A, Hatta S, Watanabe M, Takahata N. Changes in GABAA receptor function and cross-tolerance to ethanol in diazepam-dependent rats. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. February 1996, 20 (1 Suppl): 40A–44A. PMID 8659687. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01726.x.
Rassnick S, Krechman J, Koob GF. Chronic ethanol produces a decreased sensitivity to the response-disruptive effects of GABA receptor complex antagonists. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. April 1993, 44 (4): 943–50. PMID 8385785. S2CID 5909253. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90029-S.
Ziegler PP. Alcohol use and anxiety. The American Journal of Psychiatry. August 2007, 164 (8): 1270; author reply 1270–1. PMID 17671296. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07020291. （原始内容存档于2011-06-12）.
Hammond CJ, Niciu MJ, Drew S, Arias AJ. Anticonvulsants for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol use disorders. CNS Drugs. April 2015, 29 (4): 293–311. PMC 5759952 . PMID 25895020. doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0240-4.
Leung JG, Hall-Flavin D, Nelson S, Schmidt KA, Schak KM. The role of gabapentin in the management of alcohol withdrawal and dependence. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy (Review). August 2015, 49 (8): 897–906. PMID 25969570. S2CID 19857498. doi:10.1177/1060028015585849.
Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, Davoli M. Minozzi S , 编. Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March 2010, 3 (3): CD005064 [2010-04-22]. PMID 20238337. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005064.pub3. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-01-05）.
Liu, Jia; Wang, Lu-Ning. Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. August 20, 2017, 8: CD008502 [2021-09-15]. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6483686 . PMID 28822350. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008502.pub5. （原始内容存档于2022-06-12）.
Hodges B, Mazur JE. Intravenous ethanol for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy. November 2004, 24 (11): 1578–85. PMID 15537562. S2CID 19242952. doi:10.1592/phco.24.16.1578.50945.
Hanwella R, de Silva V. Treatment of alcohol dependence. The Ceylon Medical Journal. June 2009, 54 (2): 63–5. PMID 19670554. doi:10.4038/cmj.v54i2.877 .
Hunt WA. Are binge drinkers more at risk of developing brain damage?. Alcohol. November–December 1993, 10 (6): 559–61 [2021-09-15]. PMID 8123218. doi:10.1016/0741-8329(93)90083-Z. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）.
Durazzo TC, Meyerhoff DJ. Neurobiological and neurocognitive effects of chronic cigarette smoking and alcoholism. Frontiers in Bioscience. May 2007, 12 (8–12): 4079–100. PMID 17485360. doi:10.2741/2373. （原始内容存档于2011-05-25）.

escholarship.org

Schuckit MA. Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens). The New England Journal of Medicine. November 2014, 371 (22): 2109–13 [2019-08-03]. PMID 25427113. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. （原始内容存档于2020-02-13）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

National Clinical Guideline Centre. 2 Acute Alcohol Withdrawal. Alcohol Use Disorders: Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Alcohol-Related Physical Complications No. 100. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK). 2010 [21 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于31 January 2014）（英语）.
Simpson SA, Wilson MP, Nordstrom K. Psychiatric Emergencies for Clinicians: Emergency Department Management of Alcohol Withdrawal. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. September 2016, 51 (3): 269–73. PMID 27319379. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.03.027.
Schuckit MA. Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens). The New England Journal of Medicine. November 2014, 371 (22): 2109–13 [2019-08-03]. PMID 25427113. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298. （原始内容存档于2020-02-13）.
Muncie HL, Yasinian Y, Oge' L. Outpatient management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. American Family Physician. November 2013, 88 (9): 589–95. PMID 24364635.
McKeon A, Frye MA, Delanty N. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. August 2008, 79 (8): 854–62. PMID 17986499. S2CID 2139796. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.128322.
Bayard M, McIntyre J, Hill KR, Woodside J. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. American Family Physician. March 2004, 69 (6): 1443–50. PMID 15053409. （原始内容存档于2008-10-16）.
Manasco A, Chang S, Larriviere J, Hamm LL, Glass M. Alcohol withdrawal. Southern Medical Journal. November 2012, 105 (11): 607–12. PMID 23128805. S2CID 25769989. doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e31826efb2d.
Martinotti G, Di Nicola M, Reina D, Andreoli S, Focà F, Cunniff A, et al. Alcohol protracted withdrawal syndrome: the role of anhedonia. Substance Use & Misuse. 2008, 43 (3–4): 271–84. PMID 18365930. S2CID 25872623. doi:10.1080/10826080701202429.
Hornyak M, Haas P, Veit J, Gann H, Riemann D. Magnesium treatment of primary alcohol-dependent patients during subacute withdrawal: an open pilot study with polysomnography. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. November 2004, 28 (11): 1702–9. PMID 15547457. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000145695.52747.BE.
Le Bon O, Murphy JR, Staner L, Hoffmann G, Kormoss N, Kentos M, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of trazodone in alcohol post-withdrawal syndrome: polysomnographic and clinical evaluations. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. August 2003, 23 (4): 377–83. PMID 12920414. S2CID 33686593. doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000085411.08426.d3.
Borras L, de Timary P, Constant EL, Huguelet P, Eytan A. Successful treatment of alcohol withdrawal with trazodone. Pharmacopsychiatry. November 2006, 39 (6): 232. PMID 17124647. doi:10.1055/s-2006-951385.
Miller FT. Protracted alcohol withdrawal delirium. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. March–April 1994, 11 (2): 127–30. PMID 8040915. doi:10.1016/0740-5472(94)90029-9.
Sanna E, Mostallino MC, Busonero F, Talani G, Tranquilli S, Mameli M, et al. Changes in GABA(A) receptor gene expression associated with selective alterations in receptor function and pharmacology after ethanol withdrawal. The Journal of Neuroscience. December 2003, 23 (37): 11711–24. PMC 6740939 . PMID 14684873. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-37-11711.2003.
Idemudia SO, Bhadra S, Lal H. The pentylenetetrazol-like interoceptive stimulus produced by ethanol withdrawal is potentiated by bicuculline and picrotoxinin. Neuropsychopharmacology. June 1989, 2 (2): 115–22. PMID 2742726. doi:10.1016/0893-133X(89)90014-6.
Hughes JR. Alcohol withdrawal seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior. June 2009, 15 (2): 92–7. PMID 19249388. S2CID 20197292. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.02.037.
Heilig M, Egli M, Crabbe JC, Becker HC. Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism: are they linked?. Addiction Biology. April 2010, 15 (2): 169–84. PMC 3268458 . PMID 20148778. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00194.x.
Malcolm RJ. GABA systems, benzodiazepines, and substance dependence. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003,. 64 Suppl 3: 36–40. PMID 12662132.
Stephens DN, Duka T. Review. Cognitive and emotional consequences of binge drinking: role of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. October 2008, 363 (1507): 3169–79. PMC 2607328 . PMID 18640918. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0097.
Courtney KE, Polich J. Binge drinking in young adults: Data, definitions, and determinants. Psychological Bulletin. January 2009, 135 (1): 142–56. PMC 2748736 . PMID 19210057. doi:10.1037/a0014414.
Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). British Journal of Addiction. November 1989, 84 (11): 1353–7. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.489.341 . PMID 2597811. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x.
Amato L, Minozzi S, Vecchi S, Davoli M. Amato L , 编. Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March 2010, 3 (3): CD005063. PMID 20238336. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005063.pub3.
Bird RD, Makela EH. Alcohol withdrawal: what is the benzodiazepine of choice?. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. January 1994, 28 (1): 67–71. PMID 8123967. S2CID 24312761. doi:10.1177/106002809402800114.
Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M. Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. June 2011, (6): CD008537. PMC 7173734 . PMID 21678378. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008537.pub2. 已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助)
Toki S, Saito T, Nabeshima A, Hatta S, Watanabe M, Takahata N. Changes in GABAA receptor function and cross-tolerance to ethanol in diazepam-dependent rats. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. February 1996, 20 (1 Suppl): 40A–44A. PMID 8659687. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01726.x.
Rassnick S, Krechman J, Koob GF. Chronic ethanol produces a decreased sensitivity to the response-disruptive effects of GABA receptor complex antagonists. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. April 1993, 44 (4): 943–50. PMID 8385785. S2CID 5909253. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90029-S.
Ziegler PP. Alcohol use and anxiety. The American Journal of Psychiatry. August 2007, 164 (8): 1270; author reply 1270–1. PMID 17671296. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07020291. （原始内容存档于2011-06-12）.
Myrick H, Anton RF. Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal (PDF). Alcohol Health & Research World. 1998, 22 (1): 38–43. PMC 6761817 . PMID 15706731. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-12-24）.
Hammond CJ, Niciu MJ, Drew S, Arias AJ. Anticonvulsants for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol use disorders. CNS Drugs. April 2015, 29 (4): 293–311. PMC 5759952 . PMID 25895020. doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0240-4.
Leung JG, Hall-Flavin D, Nelson S, Schmidt KA, Schak KM. The role of gabapentin in the management of alcohol withdrawal and dependence. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy (Review). August 2015, 49 (8): 897–906. PMID 25969570. S2CID 19857498. doi:10.1177/1060028015585849.
Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, Davoli M. Minozzi S , 编. Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March 2010, 3 (3): CD005064 [2010-04-22]. PMID 20238337. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005064.pub3. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-01-05）.
Liu, Jia; Wang, Lu-Ning. Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. August 20, 2017, 8: CD008502 [2021-09-15]. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6483686 . PMID 28822350. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008502.pub5. （原始内容存档于2022-06-12）.
Hodges B, Mazur JE. Intravenous ethanol for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy. November 2004, 24 (11): 1578–85. PMID 15537562. S2CID 19242952. doi:10.1592/phco.24.16.1578.50945.
Hanwella R, de Silva V. Treatment of alcohol dependence. The Ceylon Medical Journal. June 2009, 54 (2): 63–5. PMID 19670554. doi:10.4038/cmj.v54i2.877 .
Hunt WA. Are binge drinkers more at risk of developing brain damage?. Alcohol. November–December 1993, 10 (6): 559–61 [2021-09-15]. PMID 8123218. doi:10.1016/0741-8329(93)90083-Z. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）.
Durazzo TC, Meyerhoff DJ. Neurobiological and neurocognitive effects of chronic cigarette smoking and alcoholism. Frontiers in Bioscience. May 2007, 12 (8–12): 4079–100. PMID 17485360. doi:10.2741/2373. （原始内容存档于2011-05-25）.

pubs.niaaa.nih.gov

Becker HC. Kindling in Alcohol Withdrawal (PDF). Alcohol Health & Research World. 1998, 22 (1). （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-12-15）.
Myrick H, Anton RF. Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal (PDF). Alcohol Health & Research World. 1998, 22 (1): 38–43. PMC 6761817 . PMID 15706731. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-12-24）.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Liu, Jia; Wang, Lu-Ning. Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. August 20, 2017, 8: CD008502 [2021-09-15]. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6483686 . PMID 28822350. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008502.pub5. （原始内容存档于2022-06-12）.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). British Journal of Addiction. November 1989, 84 (11): 1353–7. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.489.341 . PMID 2597811. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x.

psychiatryonline.org

ajp.psychiatryonline.org

Ziegler PP. Alcohol use and anxiety. The American Journal of Psychiatry. August 2007, 164 (8): 1270; author reply 1270–1. PMID 17671296. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07020291. （原始内容存档于2011-06-12）.

samhsa.gov

store.samhsa.gov

Substance Abuse Treatment ADVISORY News for the Treatment Field Protracted Withdrawal (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. July 2010 [21 August 2021]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-09-11）.
Acamprosate: A New Medication for Alcohol Use Disorders (PDF). 2005 [8 January 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于6 September 2015）.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

McKeon A, Frye MA, Delanty N. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. August 2008, 79 (8): 854–62. PMID 17986499. S2CID 2139796. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.128322.
Manasco A, Chang S, Larriviere J, Hamm LL, Glass M. Alcohol withdrawal. Southern Medical Journal. November 2012, 105 (11): 607–12. PMID 23128805. S2CID 25769989. doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e31826efb2d.
Martinotti G, Di Nicola M, Reina D, Andreoli S, Focà F, Cunniff A, et al. Alcohol protracted withdrawal syndrome: the role of anhedonia. Substance Use & Misuse. 2008, 43 (3–4): 271–84. PMID 18365930. S2CID 25872623. doi:10.1080/10826080701202429.
Le Bon O, Murphy JR, Staner L, Hoffmann G, Kormoss N, Kentos M, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of trazodone in alcohol post-withdrawal syndrome: polysomnographic and clinical evaluations. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. August 2003, 23 (4): 377–83. PMID 12920414. S2CID 33686593. doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000085411.08426.d3.
Hughes JR. Alcohol withdrawal seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior. June 2009, 15 (2): 92–7. PMID 19249388. S2CID 20197292. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.02.037.
Bird RD, Makela EH. Alcohol withdrawal: what is the benzodiazepine of choice?. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. January 1994, 28 (1): 67–71. PMID 8123967. S2CID 24312761. doi:10.1177/106002809402800114.
Rassnick S, Krechman J, Koob GF. Chronic ethanol produces a decreased sensitivity to the response-disruptive effects of GABA receptor complex antagonists. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. April 1993, 44 (4): 943–50. PMID 8385785. S2CID 5909253. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90029-S.
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Liu, Jia; Wang, Lu-Ning. Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. August 20, 2017, 8: CD008502 [2021-09-15]. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6483686 . PMID 28822350. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008502.pub5. （原始内容存档于2022-06-12）.

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