McSwain, M. Virginia; Gies, Douglas R., The Evolutionary Status of Be Stars: Results from a Photometric Study of Southern Open Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, November 2005, 161 (1): 118–146, Bibcode:2005ApJS..161..118M, arXiv:astro-ph/0505032, doi:10.1086/432757.
McSwain, M. Virginia; Gies, Douglas R., The Evolutionary Status of Be Stars: Results from a Photometric Study of Southern Open Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, November 2005, 161 (1): 118–146, Bibcode:2005ApJS..161..118M, arXiv:astro-ph/0505032, doi:10.1086/432757.
McSwain, M. Virginia; Gies, Douglas R., The Evolutionary Status of Be Stars: Results from a Photometric Study of Southern Open Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, November 2005, 161 (1): 118–146, Bibcode:2005ApJS..161..118M, arXiv:astro-ph/0505032, doi:10.1086/432757.
Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine, Messier 18, Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS), August 21, 2007 [2018-11-11], (原始内容存档于2018-10-04).
Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine, Messier 18, Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS), August 21, 2007 [2018-11-11], (原始内容存档于2018-10-04).