M理论 (Chinese Wikipedia)

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Witten 1989. Witten, Edward. Quantum Field Theory and the Jones Polynomial. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1989, 121 (3): 351–399. Bibcode:1989CMaPh.121..351W. MR 0990772. doi:10.1007/BF01217730.

archive.org

引力的量子力学描述的必要性是源於经典系统不能够与量子系统一致耦合的这一点。详见Wald 1984，第382頁。 Wald, Robert. General Relativity. University of Chicago Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-226-87033-5.
从技术性的观点来看，用这种方法的难题是所得的理论并不具有可重整性，因此不能用於计算有意义的物理预测值。这个问题的讨论见於Zee 2010，第72頁。 Zee, Anthony. Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell 2nd. Princeton University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-691-14034-6.
量子場論的標準教科書為Peskin & Schroeder 1995。 Peskin, Michael; Schroeder, Daniel. An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory. Westview Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-201-50397-5.
量子場論的凝聚態應用入門詳見於Zee 2010。 Zee, Anthony. Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell 2nd. Princeton University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-691-14034-6.
Zwiebach 2009，第324頁. Zwiebach, Barton. A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-88032-9.
Wald 1984. Wald, Robert. General Relativity. University of Chicago Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-226-87033-5.
Zee 2010，Part V and VI. Zee, Anthony. Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell 2nd. Princeton University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-691-14034-6.
Zwiebach 2009，第9頁. Zwiebach, Barton. A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-88032-9.
Zwiebach 2009，第6頁. Zwiebach, Barton. A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-88032-9.
Yau & Nadis 2010，Ch. 6. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Zwiebach 2009，第376頁. Zwiebach, Barton. A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-88032-9.
Duff 1998，第64頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第9頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第10頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第12頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第13頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Wald 1984，第3頁. Wald, Robert. General Relativity. University of Chicago Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-226-87033-5.
Duff 1998，第65頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Duff 1998. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Duff 1998，第66頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Duff 1998，第67頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Duff 1998，第66-67頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Duff 1998，第67-68頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Duff 1998，第68頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Connes 1994，第1頁. Connes, Alain. Noncommutative Geometry. Academic Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-12-185860-5.
Connes 1994. Connes, Alain. Noncommutative Geometry. Academic Press. 1994. ISBN 978-0-12-185860-5.
Nekrasov & Schwarz 1998. Nekrasov, Nikita; Schwarz, Albert. Instantons on noncommutative $R 4$ and (2,0) superconformal six dimensional theory. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1998, 198 (3): 689–703. Bibcode:1998CMaPh.198..689N. arXiv:hep-th/9802068 . doi:10.1007/s002200050490.
Zwiebach 2009，第552頁. Zwiebach, Barton. A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-88032-9.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第ix頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第147-150頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Woit 2006. Woit, Peter. Not Even Wrong: The Failure of String Theory and the Search for Unity in Physical Law. Basic Books. 2006: 105. ISBN 0-465-09275-6.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第149頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.
Yau & Nadis 2010，第150頁. Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve. The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. 2010. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2.

arxiv.org

也可以透過膜世界方案從弦理論中得出現實世界的物理。見Randall & Sundrum 1999。 Randall, Lisa; Sundrum, Raman. An alternative to compactification. Physical Review Letters. 1999, 83 (23): 4690. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.4690R. arXiv:hep-th/9906064 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4690.
Duff 1996，sec 1. Duff, Michael. M-theory (the theory formerly known as strings). International Journal of Modern Physics A. 1996, 11 (32): 6523–41. Bibcode:1996IJMPA..11.5623D. arXiv:hep-th/9608117 . doi:10.1142/S0217751X96002583.
Sen 1994a. Sen, Ashoke. Strong-weak coupling duality in four-dimensional string theory. International Journal of Modern Physics A. 1994a, 9 (21): 3707–3750. Bibcode:1994IJMPA...9.3707S. arXiv:hep-th/9402002 . doi:10.1142/S0217751X94001497.
Sen 1994b. Sen, Ashoke. Dyon-monopole bound states, self-dual harmonic forms on the multi-monopole moduli space, and $SL (2, Z)$ invariance in string theory. Physics Letters B. 1994b, 329 (2): 217–221. Bibcode:1994PhLB..329..217S. arXiv:hep-th/9402032 . doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)90763-3.
Hull & Townsend 1995. Hull, Chris; Townsend, Paul. Unity of superstring dualities. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 4381 (1): 109–137. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.438..109H. arXiv:hep-th/9410167 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(94)00559-W.
Sen 1993. Sen, Ashoke. Electric-magnetic duality in string theory. Nuclear Physics B. 1993, 404 (1): 109–126. Bibcode:1993NuPhB.404..109S. arXiv:hep-th/9207053 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(93)90475-5.
Witten 1995. Witten, Edward. String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 443 (1): 85–126. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.443...85W. arXiv:hep-th/9503124 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00158-O.
Hořava & Witten 1996a. Hořava, Petr; Witten, Edward. Heterotic and Type I string dynamics from eleven dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1996a, 460 (3): 506–524. Bibcode:1996NuPhB.460..506H. arXiv:hep-th/9510209 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00621-4.
Hořava & Witten 1996b. Hořava, Petr; Witten, Edward. Eleven dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary. Nuclear Physics B. 1996b, 475 (1): 94–114. Bibcode:1996NuPhB.475...94H. arXiv:hep-th/9603142 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00308-2.
Connes, Douglas & Schwarz 1998. Connes, Alain; Douglas, Michael; Schwarz, Albert. Noncommutative geometry and matrix theory. Journal of High Energy Physics. 1998, 19981 (2): 003. Bibcode:1998JHEP...02..003C. arXiv:hep-th/9711162 . doi:10.1088/1126-6708/1998/02/003.
Nekrasov & Schwarz 1998. Nekrasov, Nikita; Schwarz, Albert. Instantons on noncommutative $R 4$ and (2,0) superconformal six dimensional theory. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1998, 198 (3): 689–703. Bibcode:1998CMaPh.198..689N. arXiv:hep-th/9802068 . doi:10.1007/s002200050490.
Seiberg & Witten 1999. Seiberg, Nathan; Witten, Edward. String Theory and Noncommutative Geometry. Journal of High Energy Physics. 1999, 1999 (9): 032. Bibcode:1999JHEP...09..032S. arXiv:hep-th/9908142 . doi:10.1088/1126-6708/1999/09/032.
Maldacena 1998. Maldacena, Juan. The Large $N$ limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 1998, 2: 231–252. Bibcode:1998AdTMP...2..231M. arXiv:hep-th/9711200 . doi:10.1063/1.59653.
Alday, Gaiotto & Tachikawa 2010. Alday, Luis; Gaiotto, Davide; Tachikawa, Yuji. Liouville correlation functions from four-dimensional gauge theories. Letters in Mathematical Physics. 2010, 91 (2): 167–197. Bibcode:2010LMaPh..91..167A. arXiv:0906.3219 . doi:10.1007/s11005-010-0369-5.
Witten 2009. Witten, Edward. Geometric Langlands from six dimensions. 2009. arXiv:0905.2720  [hep-th].
Gaiotto, Moore & Neitzke 2013. Gaiotto, Davide; Moore, Gregory; Neitzke, Andrew. Wall-crossing, Hitchin systems, and the WKB approximation. Advances in Mathematics. 2013, 2341: 239–403. arXiv:0907.3987 . doi:10.1016/j.aim.2012.09.027.
Aharony et al. 2008. Aharony, Ofer; Bergman, Oren; Jafferis, Daniel Louis; Maldacena, Juan. $N =6$ superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories, M2-branes and their gravity duals. Journal of High Energy Physics. 2008, 2008 (10): 091. Bibcode:2008JHEP...10..091A. arXiv:0806.1218 . doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/10/091.
Dine 2000. Dine, Michael. TASI Lectures on M Theory Phenomenology. 2000. arXiv:hep-th/0003175 .

doi.org

dx.doi.org

也可以透過膜世界方案從弦理論中得出現實世界的物理。見Randall & Sundrum 1999。 Randall, Lisa; Sundrum, Raman. An alternative to compactification. Physical Review Letters. 1999, 83 (23): 4690. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.4690R. arXiv:hep-th/9906064 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4690.
Duff 1996，sec 1. Duff, Michael. M-theory (the theory formerly known as strings). International Journal of Modern Physics A. 1996, 11 (32): 6523–41. Bibcode:1996IJMPA..11.5623D. arXiv:hep-th/9608117 . doi:10.1142/S0217751X96002583.
Duff 1998，第64頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
van Nieuwenhuizen 1981. van Nieuwenhuizen, Peter. Supergravity. Physics Reports. 1981, 68 (4): 189–398. Bibcode:1981PhR....68..189V. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(81)90157-5.
Nahm 1978. Nahm, Walter. Supersymmetries and their representations. Nuclear Physics B. 1978, 135 (1): 149–166. Bibcode:1978NuPhB.135..149N. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(78)90218-3.
Cremmer, Julia & Scherk 1978. Cremmer, Eugene; Julia, Bernard; Scherk, Joel. Supergravity theory in eleven dimensions. Physics Letters B. 1978, 76 (4): 409–412. Bibcode:1978PhLB...76..409C. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(78)90894-8.
Duff 1998，第65頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Duff 1998. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Montonen & Olive 1977. Montonen, Claus; Olive, David. Magnetic monopoles as gauge particles?. Physics Letters B. 1977, 72 (1): 117–120. Bibcode:1977PhLB...72..117M. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(77)90076-4.
Duff 1998，第66頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Sen 1994a. Sen, Ashoke. Strong-weak coupling duality in four-dimensional string theory. International Journal of Modern Physics A. 1994a, 9 (21): 3707–3750. Bibcode:1994IJMPA...9.3707S. arXiv:hep-th/9402002 . doi:10.1142/S0217751X94001497.
Sen 1994b. Sen, Ashoke. Dyon-monopole bound states, self-dual harmonic forms on the multi-monopole moduli space, and $SL (2, Z)$ invariance in string theory. Physics Letters B. 1994b, 329 (2): 217–221. Bibcode:1994PhLB..329..217S. arXiv:hep-th/9402032 . doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)90763-3.
Hull & Townsend 1995. Hull, Chris; Townsend, Paul. Unity of superstring dualities. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 4381 (1): 109–137. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.438..109H. arXiv:hep-th/9410167 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(94)00559-W.
Duff 1998，第67頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Dirac 1962. Dirac, Paul. An extensible model of the electron. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1962, 268 (1332): 57–67. Bibcode:1962RSPSA.268...57D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1962.0124.
Bergshoeff, Sezgin & Townsend 1987. Bergshoeff, Eric; Sezgin, Ergin; Townsend, Paul. Supermembranes and eleven-dimensional supergravity. Physics Letters B. 1987, 189 (1): 75–78. Bibcode:1987PhLB..189...75B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(87)91272-X.
Strominger 1990. Strominger, Andrew. Heterotic solitons. Nuclear Physics B. 1990, 343 (1): 167–184. Bibcode:1990NuPhB.343..167S. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(90)90599-9.
Duff 1998，第66-67頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Sen 1993. Sen, Ashoke. Electric-magnetic duality in string theory. Nuclear Physics B. 1993, 404 (1): 109–126. Bibcode:1993NuPhB.404..109S. arXiv:hep-th/9207053 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(93)90475-5.
Witten 1995. Witten, Edward. String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 443 (1): 85–126. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.443...85W. arXiv:hep-th/9503124 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00158-O.
Duff 1998，第67-68頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Hořava & Witten 1996a. Hořava, Petr; Witten, Edward. Heterotic and Type I string dynamics from eleven dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1996a, 460 (3): 506–524. Bibcode:1996NuPhB.460..506H. arXiv:hep-th/9510209 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00621-4.
Hořava & Witten 1996b. Hořava, Petr; Witten, Edward. Eleven dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary. Nuclear Physics B. 1996b, 475 (1): 94–114. Bibcode:1996NuPhB.475...94H. arXiv:hep-th/9603142 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00308-2.
Duff 1998，第68頁. Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Connes, Douglas & Schwarz 1998. Connes, Alain; Douglas, Michael; Schwarz, Albert. Noncommutative geometry and matrix theory. Journal of High Energy Physics. 1998, 19981 (2): 003. Bibcode:1998JHEP...02..003C. arXiv:hep-th/9711162 . doi:10.1088/1126-6708/1998/02/003.
Nekrasov & Schwarz 1998. Nekrasov, Nikita; Schwarz, Albert. Instantons on noncommutative $R 4$ and (2,0) superconformal six dimensional theory. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1998, 198 (3): 689–703. Bibcode:1998CMaPh.198..689N. arXiv:hep-th/9802068 . doi:10.1007/s002200050490.
Seiberg & Witten 1999. Seiberg, Nathan; Witten, Edward. String Theory and Noncommutative Geometry. Journal of High Energy Physics. 1999, 1999 (9): 032. Bibcode:1999JHEP...09..032S. arXiv:hep-th/9908142 . doi:10.1088/1126-6708/1999/09/032.
Maldacena 1998. Maldacena, Juan. The Large $N$ limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 1998, 2: 231–252. Bibcode:1998AdTMP...2..231M. arXiv:hep-th/9711200 . doi:10.1063/1.59653.
Klebanov & Maldacena 2009. Klebanov, Igor; Maldacena, Juan. Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved Spacetimes (PDF). Physics Today. 2009, 62: 28 [May 2013]. Bibcode:2009PhT....62a..28K. doi:10.1063/1.3074260. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-10）.
Klebanov & Maldacena 2009，第28頁. Klebanov, Igor; Maldacena, Juan. Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved Spacetimes (PDF). Physics Today. 2009, 62: 28 [May 2013]. Bibcode:2009PhT....62a..28K. doi:10.1063/1.3074260. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-10）.
Maldacena 2005，第60頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.
Maldacena 2005，第61頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.
Alday, Gaiotto & Tachikawa 2010. Alday, Luis; Gaiotto, Davide; Tachikawa, Yuji. Liouville correlation functions from four-dimensional gauge theories. Letters in Mathematical Physics. 2010, 91 (2): 167–197. Bibcode:2010LMaPh..91..167A. arXiv:0906.3219 . doi:10.1007/s11005-010-0369-5.
Dimofte, Gaiotto & Gukov 2010. Dimofte, Tudor; Gaiotto, Davide; Gukov, Sergei. Gauge theories labelled by three-manifolds. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 2010, 325 (2): 367–419. Bibcode:2014CMaPh.325..367D. doi:10.1007/s00220-013-1863-2.
Witten 2012. Witten, Edward. Fivebranes and knots. Quantum Topology. 2012, 3 (1): 1–137. doi:10.4171/QT/26.
Khovanov 2000. Khovanov, Mikhail. A categorification of the Jones polynomial. Duke Mathematical Journal. 2000, 1011 (3): 359–426. doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-00-10131-7.
Gaiotto, Moore & Neitzke 2013. Gaiotto, Davide; Moore, Gregory; Neitzke, Andrew. Wall-crossing, Hitchin systems, and the WKB approximation. Advances in Mathematics. 2013, 2341: 239–403. arXiv:0907.3987 . doi:10.1016/j.aim.2012.09.027.
Aharony et al. 2008. Aharony, Ofer; Bergman, Oren; Jafferis, Daniel Louis; Maldacena, Juan. $N =6$ superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories, M2-branes and their gravity duals. Journal of High Energy Physics. 2008, 2008 (10): 091. Bibcode:2008JHEP...10..091A. arXiv:0806.1218 . doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/10/091.
Witten 1989. Witten, Edward. Quantum Field Theory and the Jones Polynomial. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 1989, 121 (3): 351–399. Bibcode:1989CMaPh.121..351W. MR 0990772. doi:10.1007/BF01217730.
Candelas et al. 1985. Candelas, Philip; Horowitz, Gary; Strominger, Andrew; Witten, Edward. Vacuum configurations for superstrings. Nuclear Physics B. 1985, 258: 46–74. Bibcode:1985NuPhB.258...46C. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90602-9.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

也可以透過膜世界方案從弦理論中得出現實世界的物理。見Randall & Sundrum 1999。 Randall, Lisa; Sundrum, Raman. An alternative to compactification. Physical Review Letters. 1999, 83 (23): 4690. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.4690R. arXiv:hep-th/9906064 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4690.
Duff 1996，sec 1. Duff, Michael. M-theory (the theory formerly known as strings). International Journal of Modern Physics A. 1996, 11 (32): 6523–41. Bibcode:1996IJMPA..11.5623D. arXiv:hep-th/9608117 . doi:10.1142/S0217751X96002583.
van Nieuwenhuizen 1981. van Nieuwenhuizen, Peter. Supergravity. Physics Reports. 1981, 68 (4): 189–398. Bibcode:1981PhR....68..189V. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(81)90157-5.
Nahm 1978. Nahm, Walter. Supersymmetries and their representations. Nuclear Physics B. 1978, 135 (1): 149–166. Bibcode:1978NuPhB.135..149N. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(78)90218-3.
Cremmer, Julia & Scherk 1978. Cremmer, Eugene; Julia, Bernard; Scherk, Joel. Supergravity theory in eleven dimensions. Physics Letters B. 1978, 76 (4): 409–412. Bibcode:1978PhLB...76..409C. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(78)90894-8.
Montonen & Olive 1977. Montonen, Claus; Olive, David. Magnetic monopoles as gauge particles?. Physics Letters B. 1977, 72 (1): 117–120. Bibcode:1977PhLB...72..117M. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(77)90076-4.
Sen 1994a. Sen, Ashoke. Strong-weak coupling duality in four-dimensional string theory. International Journal of Modern Physics A. 1994a, 9 (21): 3707–3750. Bibcode:1994IJMPA...9.3707S. arXiv:hep-th/9402002 . doi:10.1142/S0217751X94001497.
Sen 1994b. Sen, Ashoke. Dyon-monopole bound states, self-dual harmonic forms on the multi-monopole moduli space, and $SL (2, Z)$ invariance in string theory. Physics Letters B. 1994b, 329 (2): 217–221. Bibcode:1994PhLB..329..217S. arXiv:hep-th/9402032 . doi:10.1016/0370-2693(94)90763-3.
Hull & Townsend 1995. Hull, Chris; Townsend, Paul. Unity of superstring dualities. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 4381 (1): 109–137. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.438..109H. arXiv:hep-th/9410167 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(94)00559-W.
Dirac 1962. Dirac, Paul. An extensible model of the electron. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1962, 268 (1332): 57–67. Bibcode:1962RSPSA.268...57D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1962.0124.
Bergshoeff, Sezgin & Townsend 1987. Bergshoeff, Eric; Sezgin, Ergin; Townsend, Paul. Supermembranes and eleven-dimensional supergravity. Physics Letters B. 1987, 189 (1): 75–78. Bibcode:1987PhLB..189...75B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(87)91272-X.
Strominger 1990. Strominger, Andrew. Heterotic solitons. Nuclear Physics B. 1990, 343 (1): 167–184. Bibcode:1990NuPhB.343..167S. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(90)90599-9.
Sen 1993. Sen, Ashoke. Electric-magnetic duality in string theory. Nuclear Physics B. 1993, 404 (1): 109–126. Bibcode:1993NuPhB.404..109S. arXiv:hep-th/9207053 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(93)90475-5.
Witten 1995. Witten, Edward. String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 443 (1): 85–126. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.443...85W. arXiv:hep-th/9503124 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00158-O.
Hořava & Witten 1996a. Hořava, Petr; Witten, Edward. Heterotic and Type I string dynamics from eleven dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1996a, 460 (3): 506–524. Bibcode:1996NuPhB.460..506H. arXiv:hep-th/9510209 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00621-4.
Hořava & Witten 1996b. Hořava, Petr; Witten, Edward. Eleven dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary. Nuclear Physics B. 1996b, 475 (1): 94–114. Bibcode:1996NuPhB.475...94H. arXiv:hep-th/9603142 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00308-2.
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Klebanov & Maldacena 2009. Klebanov, Igor; Maldacena, Juan. Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved Spacetimes (PDF). Physics Today. 2009, 62: 28 [May 2013]. Bibcode:2009PhT....62a..28K. doi:10.1063/1.3074260. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-10）.
Klebanov & Maldacena 2009，第28頁. Klebanov, Igor; Maldacena, Juan. Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved Spacetimes (PDF). Physics Today. 2009, 62: 28 [May 2013]. Bibcode:2009PhT....62a..28K. doi:10.1063/1.3074260. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-10）.
Maldacena 2005，第60頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.
Maldacena 2005，第61頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Maldacena 2005，第60頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.
Maldacena 2005，第61頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.

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Klebanov & Maldacena 2009. Klebanov, Igor; Maldacena, Juan. Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved Spacetimes (PDF). Physics Today. 2009, 62: 28 [May 2013]. Bibcode:2009PhT....62a..28K. doi:10.1063/1.3074260. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-10）.
Klebanov & Maldacena 2009，第28頁. Klebanov, Igor; Maldacena, Juan. Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved Spacetimes (PDF). Physics Today. 2009, 62: 28 [May 2013]. Bibcode:2009PhT....62a..28K. doi:10.1063/1.3074260. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-10）.
Maldacena 2005，第60頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.
Maldacena 2005，第61頁. Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63 [July 2013]. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）.