Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Python" in Chinese language version.
It draws primarily on features from Perl, Smalltalk, Python, Lisp, Dylan, and CLU.
the complexity introduced by a solution to a design problem must be somehow proportional to the problem's importance. …… Mathematicians don't mind these -- a proof is a proof is a proof, no matter whether it contains 2 or 2000 steps, or requires an infinite-dimensional space to prove something about integers. …… Features of a programming language, whether syntactic or semantic, are all part of the language's user interface. And a user interface can handle only so much complexity or it becomes unusable. This is also the reason why Python will never have continuations, and even why I'm uninterested in optimizing tail recursion.
Once tail recursion elimination exists, developers will start writing code that depends on it, and their code won't run on implementations that don't provide it …… I don't believe in recursion as the basis of all programming. This is a fundamental belief of certain computer scientists, especially those who love Scheme and like to teach programming by starting with a "cons" cell and recursion.
Python is a simple, yet powerful, interpreted programming language that bridges the gap between C and shell programming, and is thus ideally suited for "throw-away programming" and rapid prototyping. Its syntax is put together from constructs borrowed from a variety of other languages; most prominent are influences from ABC, C, Modula-3 and Icon.
The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data types implemented in C. Python is also suitable as an extension language for highly customizable C applications such as editors or window managers.
Python is an interpreted object oriented programming language. This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can define new functions but also new object types and their methods. The document also describes how to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for use as an extension language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature.
The modulo operator always yields a result with the same sign as its second operand (or zero); …… The integer division and modulo operators are connected by the following identity: x == (x/y)*y + (x%y).CoffeeScript is a programming language whose syntax is clearly designed to match much of Python (with additional inspirations from Perl, ECMAScript, Ruby, etc.).
Pyston was started at Dropbox in 2014 ……. …… In 2017 …… Pyston project was shut down. …… In 2019 the Pyston developers regrouped ……. …… In mid-2021 the Pyston developers joined Anaconda …….
Nim's syntax is strongly reminiscent of Python's, as it uses indented code blocks and some of the same syntax (such as the way if/elif/then/else blocks are constructed).
The default installed Python version shall be 2.4.2 or greater.
String slicing came from Algol-68 and Icon.
the complexity introduced by a solution to a design problem must be somehow proportional to the problem's importance. …… Mathematicians don't mind these -- a proof is a proof is a proof, no matter whether it contains 2 or 2000 steps, or requires an infinite-dimensional space to prove something about integers. …… Features of a programming language, whether syntactic or semantic, are all part of the language's user interface. And a user interface can handle only so much complexity or it becomes unusable. This is also the reason why Python will never have continuations, and even why I'm uninterested in optimizing tail recursion.
Once tail recursion elimination exists, developers will start writing code that depends on it, and their code won't run on implementations that don't provide it …… I don't believe in recursion as the basis of all programming. This is a fundamental belief of certain computer scientists, especially those who love Scheme and like to teach programming by starting with a "cons" cell and recursion.
Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.
Python can be seen as a dialect of Lisp with "traditional" syntax (what Lisp people call "infix" or "m-lisp" syntax).
The term broadcasting describes how NumPy treats arrays with different shapes during arithmetic operations. Subject to certain constraints, the smaller array is “broadcast” across the larger array so that they have compatible shapes.
even though the design of C is far from ideal, its influence on Python is considerable.
DataFrame is a 2-dimensional labeled data structure with columns of potentially different types. You can think of it like a spreadsheet or SQL table, or a dict of Series objects. It is generally the most commonly used pandas object.
aspectlib is an aspect-oriented programming, monkey-patch and decorators library. It is useful when changing behavior in existing code is desired. It includes tools for debugging and testing: simple mock/record and a complete capture/replay framework.
Compared with other programming languages, Python’s class mechanism adds classes with a minimum of new syntax and semantics. It is a mixture of the class mechanisms found in C++ and Modula-3.
This module provides regular expression matching operations similar to those found in Perl.
simple_stmts:
| simple_stmt !';' NEWLINE # Not needed, there for speedup
| ';'.simple_stmt+ [';'] NEWLINE
statements: statement+statement: compound_stmt | simple_stmts
……block:
| NEWLINE INDENT statements DEDENT
| simple_stmts
almost all platforms map Python floats to IEEE-754 “double precision”.
The C3 method itself has nothing to do with Python, since it was invented by people working on Dylan and it is described in a paper intended for lispers.
python library for design by contract (DbC) and checking values, exceptions, and side-effects.
replace "CLU" with "Python", "record" with "instance", and "procedure" with "function or method", and you get a pretty accurate description of Python's object model.
Lambda expressions are particularly useful in combination with map(), filter() and reduce(), described below. Thanks to Amrit Prem for submitting this code (as well as map(), filter(), reduce() and xrange())!
The relational operators group left-to-right, but this fact is not useful;a<b<cis parsed as(a<b)<c, and evaluates to either0or1.
JavaScript, Python and SQL are all highly-desired and admired programming languages
String slicing came from Algol-68 and Icon.
even though the design of C is far from ideal, its influence on Python is considerable.
Compared with other programming languages, Python’s class mechanism adds classes with a minimum of new syntax and semantics. It is a mixture of the class mechanisms found in C++ and Modula-3.
replace "CLU" with "Python", "record" with "instance", and "procedure" with "function or method", and you get a pretty accurate description of Python's object model.
The C3 method itself has nothing to do with Python, since it was invented by people working on Dylan and it is described in a paper intended for lispers.
Python is a simple, yet powerful, interpreted programming language that bridges the gap between C and shell programming, and is thus ideally suited for "throw-away programming" and rapid prototyping. Its syntax is put together from constructs borrowed from a variety of other languages; most prominent are influences from ABC, C, Modula-3 and Icon.
The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data types implemented in C. Python is also suitable as an extension language for highly customizable C applications such as editors or window managers.
This module provides regular expression matching operations similar to those found in Perl.
Nim's syntax is strongly reminiscent of Python's, as it uses indented code blocks and some of the same syntax (such as the way if/elif/then/else blocks are constructed).
Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.
Python can be seen as a dialect of Lisp with "traditional" syntax (what Lisp people call "infix" or "m-lisp" syntax).
Lambda expressions are particularly useful in combination with map(), filter() and reduce(), described below. Thanks to Amrit Prem for submitting this code (as well as map(), filter(), reduce() and xrange())!
python library for design by contract (DbC) and checking values, exceptions, and side-effects.
Python is an interpreted object oriented programming language. This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can define new functions but also new object types and their methods. The document also describes how to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for use as an extension language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature.
simple_stmts:
| simple_stmt !';' NEWLINE # Not needed, there for speedup
| ';'.simple_stmt+ [';'] NEWLINE
statements: statement+statement: compound_stmt | simple_stmts
……block:
| NEWLINE INDENT statements DEDENT
| simple_stmts
The relational operators group left-to-right, but this fact is not useful;a<b<cis parsed as(a<b)<c, and evaluates to either0or1.
The modulo operator always yields a result with the same sign as its second operand (or zero); …… The integer division and modulo operators are connected by the following identity: x == (x/y)*y + (x%y).almost all platforms map Python floats to IEEE-754 “double precision”.
the complexity introduced by a solution to a design problem must be somehow proportional to the problem's importance. …… Mathematicians don't mind these -- a proof is a proof is a proof, no matter whether it contains 2 or 2000 steps, or requires an infinite-dimensional space to prove something about integers. …… Features of a programming language, whether syntactic or semantic, are all part of the language's user interface. And a user interface can handle only so much complexity or it becomes unusable. This is also the reason why Python will never have continuations, and even why I'm uninterested in optimizing tail recursion.
Once tail recursion elimination exists, developers will start writing code that depends on it, and their code won't run on implementations that don't provide it …… I don't believe in recursion as the basis of all programming. This is a fundamental belief of certain computer scientists, especially those who love Scheme and like to teach programming by starting with a "cons" cell and recursion.
Pyston was started at Dropbox in 2014 ……. …… In 2017 …… Pyston project was shut down. …… In 2019 the Pyston developers regrouped ……. …… In mid-2021 the Pyston developers joined Anaconda …….
The term broadcasting describes how NumPy treats arrays with different shapes during arithmetic operations. Subject to certain constraints, the smaller array is “broadcast” across the larger array so that they have compatible shapes.
DataFrame is a 2-dimensional labeled data structure with columns of potentially different types. You can think of it like a spreadsheet or SQL table, or a dict of Series objects. It is generally the most commonly used pandas object.
The default installed Python version shall be 2.4.2 or greater.
def viking_chorus(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
for i in range(3):
func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
调用修饰器的示例：
@viking_chorus
def menu_item(*args):
print(", ".join(args)+", and spam")
它等价于：
def menu_item(*args):
print(", ".join(args)+", and spam")
menu_item = viking_chorus(menu_item)
viking_chorus修饰后的menu_item将原来定义运行3次：
>>> menu_item("egg","bacon")
egg, bacon, and spam
egg, bacon, and spam
egg, bacon, and spam
favourite_colour接受一个实际参数，并返回一个修饰器：
def favourite_colour(colour):
def decorator(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print(f"My favourite colour is {colour}.")
func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
return decorator
def invincible(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print("I'm invincible!")
func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
使用毗连的修饰符链接修饰器示例：
@invincible
@favourite_colour("blue")
def black_knight():
print("None shall pass.")
它等价于：
black_knight = invincible(favourite_colour("blue")(black_knight))
black_knight()结果为：
>>> black_knight()
I'm invincible!
My favourite colour is blue.
None shall pass.
__new__（它是特殊情况而不需要加以修饰）、特殊方法__call__、__len__、__getitem__、__setitem__和弱引用集合示例：
>>> from weakref import WeakSet
... class D():
... __template = {}
... __obj_set = WeakSet()
... def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
... obj = super().__new__(cls)
... cls.__obj_set.add(obj)
... return obj
... @classmethod
... def load(cls, dict):
... cls.__template |= dict
... @classmethod
... def create(cls, *args, **kwargs):
... return cls(cls.__template, *args, **kwargs)
... @classmethod
... def count(cls):
... return len(cls.__obj_set)
... @classmethod
... def contains(cls, obj):
... return obj in cls.__obj_set
... def __init__(self, dict={}, /, *args, **kwargs):
... self.__dict__ |= dict
... self.__dict__ |= kwargs
... def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
... self.__dict__ |= kwargs
... return self.__dict__.copy()
... def __len__(self):
... return len(self.__dict__)
... def __getitem__(self, key):
... return self.__dict__[key]
... def __setitem__(self, key, value):
... self.__dict__[key] = value
...
>>> a = {'ak': 1, 'bk': 2, 'ck': 3}
>>> d = D(a, dk=4)
>>> d()
{'ak': 1, 'bk': 2, 'ck': 3, 'dk': 4}
>>> D.load(a)
>>> e = D.create(ck=4)
>>> e()
{'ak': 1, 'bk': 2, 'ck': 4}
>>> f = D(ak=1, bk=2)
>>> f(ck=3)
{'ak': 1, 'bk': 2, 'ck': 3}
>>> f['ak']
1
>>> f['ak'] = 5
>>> f()
{'ak': 5, 'bk': 2, 'ck': 3}
>>> len(f)
3
>>> D.count()
3
>>> del f
>>> D.count()
2
>>> d.__weakref__
<weakref at 0x72652697ede0; to 'D' at 0x72652713b230>
>>> D.contains(d)
True
>>> D.contains(1)
False
Python is a simple, yet powerful, interpreted programming language that bridges the gap between C and shell programming, and is thus ideally suited for "throw-away programming" and rapid prototyping. Its syntax is put together from constructs borrowed from a variety of other languages; most prominent are influences from ABC, C, Modula-3 and Icon.
The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data types implemented in C. Python is also suitable as an extension language for highly customizable C applications such as editors or window managers.