"意大利國王"的名号看似夸张,但确实被其臣民使用: “[Charlemagne] transferred all the kingdom of Italy to his great and glorious son lord Pippin, the great king” Monumenta Germaniae Historica(英语:Monumenta Germaniae Historica), Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum saec. VI-IX. : 11.