乳果糖 (Chinese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "乳果糖" in Chinese language version.
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aafp.org
- HSIEH, CHRISTINE. Treatment of Constipation in Older Adults. American Family Physician. 2005, 72 (11): 2277–2284 [2025-05-16].
books.google.com
- Karwacki MW. Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Goldman A, Hain R, Liben S (编). Oxford textbook of palliative care for children 2nd. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006: 352. ISBN 9780198526537. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Hogue VW, McKoy-Beach YB. Constipation and diarrhea. Helms RA (编). Textbook of therapeutics : drug and disease management 8th. Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006: 1310. ISBN 9780781757348. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Hamilton RJ. Gastroenterology. Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition 27th. Burlington, Ma.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2013: 111. ISBN 9781449665869. （原始内容存档于8 September 2017）.
- Jones W. Breastfeeding and Medication. Routledge. 2013: 127. ISBN 9781136178153. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Papaconstantinou HT. Operative and Nonoperative Therapy for Chronic Constipation. Whitlow CB, Beck DE, Margolin DA, Hicks TC (编). Improved Outcomes in Colon and Rectal Surgery. New York: Informa Healthcare. 2009: 366. ISBN 9781420071535. doi:10.3109/9781420071535-36. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- O'Brien J. Non-Enzymatic Degradation Pathways of Lactose and Their Significance in Dairy Products. McSweeney PL, Fox PF (编). Advanced dairy chemistry. 3rd. New York: Springer-Verlag. 2009: 236. ISBN 9780387848655. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Kuntz HD. Hepatology textbook and atlas : history, morphology, biochemistry, diagnostics, clinic, therapy 3rd. Heidelberg: Springer. 2008: 887. ISBN 9783540768395. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
clincalc.com
- The Top 300 of 2022. ClinCalc. [2024-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2024-08-30）.
- Lactulose Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022. ClinCalc. [2024-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2025-05-22）.
dairy-journal.org
lait.dairy-journal.org
- Luzzana M, Agnellini D, Cremonesi P, Caramenti G, De Vita S. Milk lactose and lactulose determination by the differential pH technique (PDF). Le Lait. September–October 2003, 83 (5): 409–16. doi:10.1051/lait:2003022. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-05-12）.
doi.org
- Papaconstantinou HT. Operative and Nonoperative Therapy for Chronic Constipation. Whitlow CB, Beck DE, Margolin DA, Hicks TC (编). Improved Outcomes in Colon and Rectal Surgery. New York: Informa Healthcare. 2009: 366. ISBN 9781420071535. doi:10.3109/9781420071535-36. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Schumann C. Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update. European Journal of Nutrition. November 2002, 41 (Suppl 1): I17–I25. PMID 12420112. S2CID 20487660. doi:10.1007/s00394-002-1103-6.
- Panesar PS, Kumari S. Lactulose: production, purification and potential applications. Biotechnology Advances. 2011-11-11, 29 (6): 940–948. PMID 21856402. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.008.
- Bae SH. Long-term safety of PEG 4000 in children with chronic functional constipation: A biochemical perspective. Korean Journal of Pediatrics. July 2010, 53 (7): 741–744. PMC 3004485
. PMID 21189949. doi:10.3345/kjp.2010.53.7.741. - Li, Yan; Zhang, Ying. Treatment Experience of 210 Pediatric Patients With Extraordinary Daytime Urinary Frequency: A Prospective Study. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021-09-28,. 9:713810 [2025-05-16]. doi:10.3389/fped.2021.713810.
- Mari, Amir; Mahamid, Mahmud. Chronic Constipation in the Elderly Patient: Updates in Evaluation and Management. Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 2020-02-17, 41 (3): 139–145 [2025-05-16]. doi:: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0182 请检查
|doi=值 (帮助). - Shukla S, Shukla A, Mehboob S, Guha S. Meta-analysis: the effects of gut flora modulation using prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. March 2011, 33 (6): 662–671. PMID 21251030. S2CID 37455679. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04574.x .
- Patil DH, Westaby D, Mahida YR, Palmer KR, Rees R, Clark ML, Dawson AM, Silk DB. Comparative modes of action of lactitol and lactulose in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut. March 1987, 28 (3): 255–259. PMC 1432706 . PMID 3570029. doi:10.1136/gut.28.3.255.
- Gerstner T, Buesing D, Longin E, Bendl C, Wenzel D, Scheid B, Goetze G, Macke A, Lippert G, Klostermann W, Mayer G, Augspach-Hofmann R, Fitzek S, Haensch CA, Reuland M, Koenig SA. Valproic acid induced encephalopathy--19 new cases in Germany from 1994 to 2003--a side effect associated to VPA-therapy not only in young children. Seizure. September 2006, 15 (6): 443–448. PMID 16787750. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2006.05.007 .
- Vanner S. The lactulose breath test for diagnosing SIBO in IBS patients: another nail in the coffin. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. April 2008, 103 (4): 964–965. PMID 18371132. S2CID 21644646. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01798.x.
- Barrett JS, Irving PM, Shepherd SJ, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Comparison of the prevalence of fructose and lactose malabsorption across chronic intestinal disorders. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. July 2009, 30 (2): 165–174. PMID 19392860. S2CID 31378290. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04018.x .
- Grover M, Kanazawa M, Palsson OS, Chitkara DK, Gangarosa LM, Drossman DA, Whitehead WE. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: association with colon motility, bowel symptoms, and psychological distress. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. September 2008, 20 (9): 998–1008. PMC 3856223 . PMID 18482250. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01142.x.
- Yu D, Cheeseman F, Vanner S. Combined oro-caecal scintigraphy and lactulose hydrogen breath testing demonstrate that breath testing detects oro-caecal transit, not small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with IBS. Gut. March 2011, 60 (3): 334–340. PMID 21112950. S2CID 6749287. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.205476.
- Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. May 2016, 2016 (5): CD003044. PMC 7004252 . PMID 27153247. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003044.pub4.
- Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, Sarin SK. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology. September 2009, 137 (3): 885–91, 891.e1. PMID 19501587. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.056 .
- Prasad S, Dhiman RK, Duseja A, Chawla YK, Sharma A, Agarwal R. Lactulose improves cognitive functions and health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis who have minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. March 2007, 45 (3): 549–559. PMID 17326150. S2CID 22686421. doi:10.1002/hep.21533 .
- Luzzana M, Agnellini D, Cremonesi P, Caramenti G, De Vita S. Milk lactose and lactulose determination by the differential pH technique (PDF). Le Lait. September–October 2003, 83 (5): 409–16. doi:10.1051/lait:2003022. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-05-12）.
- Marconi E, Messia MC, Amine A, Moscone D, Vernazza F, Stocchi F, Palleschi G. Heat-treated milk differentiation by a sensitive lactulose assay (PDF). Food Chemistry. 2004, 84 (3): 447–50. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00268-1. hdl:2108/12457 . （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-16）.
- Hiraishi, Keizo; Zhao, Feiyan. Lactulose Modulates the Structure of Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Nutrients. 2022-02-03, 14 (3): 649 [2025-05-16]. doi:10.3390/nu14030649.
drugs.com
- Lactulose. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2015-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-04）.
- Lactulose (Ingredient). Drugs.com. [2025-05-16].
duphalac.ph
- Lactulose (Duphalac®). Abott. [2025-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2025-05-22）.
handle.net
hdl.handle.net
- World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. hdl:10665/371090 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
- Marconi E, Messia MC, Amine A, Moscone D, Vernazza F, Stocchi F, Palleschi G. Heat-treated milk differentiation by a sensitive lactulose assay (PDF). Food Chemistry. 2004, 84 (3): 447–50. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00268-1. hdl:2108/12457 . （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-16）.
msdvetmanual.com
- Constipation and Obstipation in Small Animals - Digestive System. Veterinary Manual. [2019-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-22） （英语）.
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Schumann C. Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update. European Journal of Nutrition. November 2002, 41 (Suppl 1): I17–I25. PMID 12420112. S2CID 20487660. doi:10.1007/s00394-002-1103-6.
- Panesar PS, Kumari S. Lactulose: production, purification and potential applications. Biotechnology Advances. 2011-11-11, 29 (6): 940–948. PMID 21856402. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.008.
- Bae SH. Long-term safety of PEG 4000 in children with chronic functional constipation: A biochemical perspective. Korean Journal of Pediatrics. July 2010, 53 (7): 741–744. PMC 3004485 . PMID 21189949. doi:10.3345/kjp.2010.53.7.741.
- Shukla S, Shukla A, Mehboob S, Guha S. Meta-analysis: the effects of gut flora modulation using prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. March 2011, 33 (6): 662–671. PMID 21251030. S2CID 37455679. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04574.x .
- Patil DH, Westaby D, Mahida YR, Palmer KR, Rees R, Clark ML, Dawson AM, Silk DB. Comparative modes of action of lactitol and lactulose in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut. March 1987, 28 (3): 255–259. PMC 1432706 . PMID 3570029. doi:10.1136/gut.28.3.255.
- Gerstner T, Buesing D, Longin E, Bendl C, Wenzel D, Scheid B, Goetze G, Macke A, Lippert G, Klostermann W, Mayer G, Augspach-Hofmann R, Fitzek S, Haensch CA, Reuland M, Koenig SA. Valproic acid induced encephalopathy--19 new cases in Germany from 1994 to 2003--a side effect associated to VPA-therapy not only in young children. Seizure. September 2006, 15 (6): 443–448. PMID 16787750. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2006.05.007 .
- Vanner S. The lactulose breath test for diagnosing SIBO in IBS patients: another nail in the coffin. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. April 2008, 103 (4): 964–965. PMID 18371132. S2CID 21644646. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01798.x.
- Barrett JS, Irving PM, Shepherd SJ, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Comparison of the prevalence of fructose and lactose malabsorption across chronic intestinal disorders. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. July 2009, 30 (2): 165–174. PMID 19392860. S2CID 31378290. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04018.x .
- Grover M, Kanazawa M, Palsson OS, Chitkara DK, Gangarosa LM, Drossman DA, Whitehead WE. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: association with colon motility, bowel symptoms, and psychological distress. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. September 2008, 20 (9): 998–1008. PMC 3856223 . PMID 18482250. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01142.x.
- Yu D, Cheeseman F, Vanner S. Combined oro-caecal scintigraphy and lactulose hydrogen breath testing demonstrate that breath testing detects oro-caecal transit, not small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with IBS. Gut. March 2011, 60 (3): 334–340. PMID 21112950. S2CID 6749287. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.205476.
- Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. May 2016, 2016 (5): CD003044. PMC 7004252 . PMID 27153247. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003044.pub4.
- Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, Sarin SK. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology. September 2009, 137 (3): 885–91, 891.e1. PMID 19501587. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.056 .
- Prasad S, Dhiman RK, Duseja A, Chawla YK, Sharma A, Agarwal R. Lactulose improves cognitive functions and health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis who have minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. March 2007, 45 (3): 549–559. PMID 17326150. S2CID 22686421. doi:10.1002/hep.21533 .
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Li, Yan; Zhang, Ying. Treatment Experience of 210 Pediatric Patients With Extraordinary Daytime Urinary Frequency: A Prospective Study. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021-09-28,. 9:713810 [2025-05-16]. doi:10.3389/fped.2021.713810.
- Mari, Amir; Mahamid, Mahmud. Chronic Constipation in the Elderly Patient: Updates in Evaluation and Management. Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 2020-02-17, 41 (3): 139–145 [2025-05-16]. doi:: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0182 请检查
|doi=值 (帮助). - Hiraishi, Keizo; Zhao, Feiyan. Lactulose Modulates the Structure of Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Nutrients. 2022-02-03, 14 (3): 649 [2025-05-16]. doi:10.3390/nu14030649.
nlm.nih.gov
parmalat.it
- Marconi E, Messia MC, Amine A, Moscone D, Vernazza F, Stocchi F, Palleschi G. Heat-treated milk differentiation by a sensitive lactulose assay (PDF). Food Chemistry. 2004, 84 (3): 447–50. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00268-1. hdl:2108/12457 . （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-16）.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Schumann C. Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update. European Journal of Nutrition. November 2002, 41 (Suppl 1): I17–I25. PMID 12420112. S2CID 20487660. doi:10.1007/s00394-002-1103-6.
- Shukla S, Shukla A, Mehboob S, Guha S. Meta-analysis: the effects of gut flora modulation using prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. March 2011, 33 (6): 662–671. PMID 21251030. S2CID 37455679. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04574.x .
- Vanner S. The lactulose breath test for diagnosing SIBO in IBS patients: another nail in the coffin. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. April 2008, 103 (4): 964–965. PMID 18371132. S2CID 21644646. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01798.x.
- Barrett JS, Irving PM, Shepherd SJ, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Comparison of the prevalence of fructose and lactose malabsorption across chronic intestinal disorders. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. July 2009, 30 (2): 165–174. PMID 19392860. S2CID 31378290. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04018.x .
- Yu D, Cheeseman F, Vanner S. Combined oro-caecal scintigraphy and lactulose hydrogen breath testing demonstrate that breath testing detects oro-caecal transit, not small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with IBS. Gut. March 2011, 60 (3): 334–340. PMID 21112950. S2CID 6749287. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.205476.
- Prasad S, Dhiman RK, Duseja A, Chawla YK, Sharma A, Agarwal R. Lactulose improves cognitive functions and health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis who have minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. March 2007, 45 (3): 549–559. PMID 17326150. S2CID 22686421. doi:10.1002/hep.21533 .
usp.org
static.usp.org
- Safety Data Sheet Lactulose (PDF). 2015 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-22）.
web.archive.org
- Karwacki MW. Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Goldman A, Hain R, Liben S (编). Oxford textbook of palliative care for children 2nd. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006: 352. ISBN 9780198526537. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Hogue VW, McKoy-Beach YB. Constipation and diarrhea. Helms RA (编). Textbook of therapeutics : drug and disease management 8th. Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006: 1310. ISBN 9780781757348. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Lactulose. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2015-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-04）.
- Hamilton RJ. Gastroenterology. Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition 27th. Burlington, Ma.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2013: 111. ISBN 9781449665869. （原始内容存档于8 September 2017）.
- Jones W. Breastfeeding and Medication. Routledge. 2013: 127. ISBN 9781136178153. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Papaconstantinou HT. Operative and Nonoperative Therapy for Chronic Constipation. Whitlow CB, Beck DE, Margolin DA, Hicks TC (编). Improved Outcomes in Colon and Rectal Surgery. New York: Informa Healthcare. 2009: 366. ISBN 9781420071535. doi:10.3109/9781420071535-36. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- O'Brien J. Non-Enzymatic Degradation Pathways of Lactose and Their Significance in Dairy Products. McSweeney PL, Fox PF (编). Advanced dairy chemistry. 3rd. New York: Springer-Verlag. 2009: 236. ISBN 9780387848655. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- Kuntz HD. Hepatology textbook and atlas : history, morphology, biochemistry, diagnostics, clinic, therapy 3rd. Heidelberg: Springer. 2008: 887. ISBN 9783540768395. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- The Top 300 of 2022. ClinCalc. [2024-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2024-08-30）.
- Lactulose Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022. ClinCalc. [2024-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2025-05-22）.
- Lactulose. nih.gov. [2015-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
- Safety Data Sheet Lactulose (PDF). 2015 [2016-12-03]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-22）.
- .ALPHA.-LACTULOSE. Inxight DrugsIP. [2025-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2025-05-22）.
- Luzzana M, Agnellini D, Cremonesi P, Caramenti G, De Vita S. Milk lactose and lactulose determination by the differential pH technique (PDF). Le Lait. September–October 2003, 83 (5): 409–16. doi:10.1051/lait:2003022. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-05-12）.
- Marconi E, Messia MC, Amine A, Moscone D, Vernazza F, Stocchi F, Palleschi G. Heat-treated milk differentiation by a sensitive lactulose assay (PDF). Food Chemistry. 2004, 84 (3): 447–50. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00268-1. hdl:2108/12457 . （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-16）.
- International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Recommended International Non-Proprietary Names (Rec. I.N.N.): List 7 (PDF). World Health Organization: 8. 1967 [9 November 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于18 May 2016）.
- Lactulose (Duphalac®). Abott. [2025-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2025-05-22）.
- Constipation and Obstipation in Small Animals - Digestive System. Veterinary Manual. [2019-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-22） （英语）.
who.int
- International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Recommended International Non-Proprietary Names (Rec. I.N.N.): List 7 (PDF). World Health Organization: 8. 1967 [9 November 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于18 May 2016）.