二甲双胍 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "二甲双胍" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

24nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

23doi.org

2^nd place

23^rd place

10web.archive.org

1^st place

3semanticscholar.org

11^th place

332^nd place

2archive.org

6^th place

4^th place

2google.co.jp

934^th place

984^th place

2worldcat.org

5^th place

12^th place

1drugs.com

399^th place

208^th place

1google.it

215^th place

3,058^th place

1who.int

195^th place

179^th place

1msh.org

low place

2,351^st place

1onlineclinic.co.uk

low place

1nature.com

234^th place

227^th place

1chinanews.com

1,432^nd place

50^th place

archive.org

Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE. Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. June 2011, 34 (6): 1431–7. PMC 3114336 . PMID 21617112. doi:10.2337/dc10-2361.
Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, et al. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. October 2001, 108 (8): 1167–74. PMC 209533 . PMID 11602624. doi:10.1172/JCI13505 （英语）.

chinanews.com

世界首例抗衰老药将临床试验或让人活到120岁. 中新網. 2015-12-02 [2015-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-16）.

doi.org

Dunn CJ, Peters DH. Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs. May 1995, 49 (5): 721–49. PMID 7601013. doi:10.2165/00003495-199549050-00007.
Hundal RS, Inzucchi SE. Metformin: new understandings, new uses. Drugs. 2003, 63 (18): 1879–94. PMID 12930161. doi:10.2165/00003495-200363180-00001.
Maruthur, NM; Tseng, E; Hutfless, S; Wilson, LM; Suarez-Cuervo, C; Berger, Z; Chu, Y; Iyoha, E; Segal, JB; Bolen, S. Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. Annals of Internal Medicine. 19 April 2016. PMID 27088241. doi:10.7326/M15-2650.
Malek, M; Aghili, R; Emami, Z; Khamseh, ME. Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin. (PDF). ISRN Endocrinology. 2013, 2013: 636927 [2016-09-07]. PMC 3800579 . PMID 24224094. doi:10.1155/2013/636927. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-09-08）.
Triggle, CR; Ding, H. Metformin is not just an antihyperglycaemic drug but also has protective effects on the vascular endothelium.. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England). 17 December 2015. PMID 26680745. doi:10.1111/apha.12644.
Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE. Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. June 2011, 34 (6): 1431–7. PMC 3114336 . PMID 21617112. doi:10.2337/dc10-2361.
Lautatzis, ME; Goulis, DG; Vrontakis, M. Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. November 2013, 62 (11): 1522–34. PMID 23886298. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.006.
Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, et al. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. October 2001, 108 (8): 1167–74. PMC 209533 . PMID 11602624. doi:10.1172/JCI13505 （英语）.
Towler MC, Hardie DG. AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling. Circulation Research. February 2007, 100 (3): 328–41. PMID 17307971. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000256090.42690.05 （英语）.
Burcelin R. The antidiabetic gutsy role of metformin uncovered?. Gut. May 2014, 63 (5): 706–7. PMID 23840042. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305370 （英语）.
Wu, Hao; Esteve, Eduardo; Tremaroli, Valentina; Khan, Muhammad Tanweer; Caesar, Robert; Mannerås-Holm, Louise; 等. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nature Medicine. 2017-07, 23 (7): 850–858 [2021-04-11]. ISSN 1546-170X. doi:10.1038/nm.4345. （原始内容存档于2017-12-11）（英语）.
Jalali M, Rahimlou M, Mahmoodi M, Moosavian SP, Symonds ME, Jalali R, Zare M, Imanieh MH, Stasi C. The effects of metformin administration on liver enzymes and body composition in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: An up-to date systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacological Research. September 2020, 159: 104799. PMID 32278041. S2CID 215741792. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104799.
Blazina I, Selph S. Diabetes drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6884753 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). November 2019, 8 (1): 295. PMC 6884753 . PMID 31783920. doi:10.1186/s13643-019-1200-8 .
Leoni S, Tovoli F, Napoli L, Serio I, Ferri S, Bolondi L. Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review with comparative analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092580 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). August 2018, 24 (30): 3361–3373. PMC 6092580 . PMID 30122876. doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3361 .
Ibáñez L, Ong K, Valls C, Marcos MV, Dunger DB, de Zegher F. Metformin treatment to prevent early puberty in girls with precocious pubarche. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. August 2006, 91 (8): 2888–91. PMID 16684823. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0336 .
Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Díaz M, Marcos MV, de Zegher F. Early metformin therapy (age 8-12 years) in girls with precocious pubarche to reduce hirsutism, androgen excess, and oligomenorrhea in adolescence. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. August 2011, 96 (8): E1262–7. PMID 21632811. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0555 .
Ibáñez L, Díaz R, López-Bermejo A, Marcos MV. Clinical spectrum of premature pubarche: links to metabolic syndrome and ovarian hyperandrogenism. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. March 2009, 10 (1): 63–76. PMID 18726694. S2CID 9129907. doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9096-y.
Bannister, C. A.; Holden, S. E.; Jenkins-Jones, S.; Morgan, C. Ll; Halcox, J. P.; Schernthaner, G.; Mukherjee, J.; Currie, C. J. Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2014-11, 16 (11): 1165–1173 [2021-08-12]. ISSN 1463-1326. PMID 25041462. doi:10.1111/dom.12354. （原始内容存档于2022-04-05）.
Barzilai N, Crandall JP, Kritchevsky SB, Espeland MA. Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging. Cell Metabolism. June 2016, 23 (6): 1060–1065. PMC 5943638 . PMID 27304507. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011.
Lee CG, Heckman-Stoddard B, Dabelea D, Gadde KM, Ehrmann D, Ford L, Prorok P, Boyko EJ, Pi-Sunyer X, Wallia A, Knowler WC, Crandall JP, Temprosa M. Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669534 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). December 2021, 44 (12): 2775–2782. PMC 8669534 . PMID 34697033. doi:10.2337/dc21-1046 .
Zhang J, Wen L, Zhou Q, He K, Teng L. Preventative and Therapeutic Effects of Metformin in Gastric Cancer: A New Contribution of an Old Friend. Cancer Management and Research //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7505710 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). 16 September 2020, 12: 8545–8554. PMC 7505710 . PMID 32982447. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S264032  （English）.
Campbell JM, Bellman SM, Stephenson MD, Lisy K. Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect on diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews. November 2017, 40: 31–44. PMID 28802803. S2CID 20334490. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.08.003.
Mohammed I, Hollenberg MD, Ding H, Triggle CR. A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan. Frontiers in Endocrinology //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374068 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). 2021, 12: 718942. PMC 8374068 . PMID 34421827. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.718942 .

drugs.com

Metformin Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Jan 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-24）.

google.co.jp

books.google.co.jp

Fischer, Janos. Analogue-based Drug Discovery II. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 47–49 [2016-09-07]. ISBN 9783527632121. （原始内容存档于2020-12-09）.
McKee, Mitchell Bebel Stargrove, Jonathan Treasure, Dwight L. Herb, nutrient, and drug interactions : clinical implications and therapeutic strategies. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier. 2008: 217 [2016-09-07]. ISBN 9780323029643. （原始内容存档于2020-09-14）.

google.it

books.google.it

Clinical Obesity. 2nd. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. 2008: 262 [2016-09-07]. ISBN 9781405143660. （原始内容存档于2020-09-14）.

msh.org

erc.msh.org

Metformin. [11 January 2016]. ^{[永久失效連結]}

nature.com

Wu, Hao; Esteve, Eduardo; Tremaroli, Valentina; Khan, Muhammad Tanweer; Caesar, Robert; Mannerås-Holm, Louise; 等. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nature Medicine. 2017-07, 23 (7): 850–858 [2021-04-11]. ISSN 1546-170X. doi:10.1038/nm.4345. （原始内容存档于2017-12-11）（英语）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dunn CJ, Peters DH. Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs. May 1995, 49 (5): 721–49. PMID 7601013. doi:10.2165/00003495-199549050-00007.
Hundal RS, Inzucchi SE. Metformin: new understandings, new uses. Drugs. 2003, 63 (18): 1879–94. PMID 12930161. doi:10.2165/00003495-200363180-00001.
Maruthur, NM; Tseng, E; Hutfless, S; Wilson, LM; Suarez-Cuervo, C; Berger, Z; Chu, Y; Iyoha, E; Segal, JB; Bolen, S. Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. Annals of Internal Medicine. 19 April 2016. PMID 27088241. doi:10.7326/M15-2650.
Malek, M; Aghili, R; Emami, Z; Khamseh, ME. Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin. (PDF). ISRN Endocrinology. 2013, 2013: 636927 [2016-09-07]. PMC 3800579 . PMID 24224094. doi:10.1155/2013/636927. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-09-08）.
Type 2 diabetes and metformin. First choice for monotherapy: weak evidence of efficacy but well-known and acceptable adverse effects.. Prescrire international. November 2014, 23 (154): 269–72. PMID 25954799.
Triggle, CR; Ding, H. Metformin is not just an antihyperglycaemic drug but also has protective effects on the vascular endothelium.. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England). 17 December 2015. PMID 26680745. doi:10.1111/apha.12644.
Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE. Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. June 2011, 34 (6): 1431–7. PMC 3114336 . PMID 21617112. doi:10.2337/dc10-2361.
Lautatzis, ME; Goulis, DG; Vrontakis, M. Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. November 2013, 62 (11): 1522–34. PMID 23886298. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.006.
Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, et al. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. October 2001, 108 (8): 1167–74. PMC 209533 . PMID 11602624. doi:10.1172/JCI13505 （英语）.
Towler MC, Hardie DG. AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling. Circulation Research. February 2007, 100 (3): 328–41. PMID 17307971. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000256090.42690.05 （英语）.
Burcelin R. The antidiabetic gutsy role of metformin uncovered?. Gut. May 2014, 63 (5): 706–7. PMID 23840042. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305370 （英语）.
Jalali M, Rahimlou M, Mahmoodi M, Moosavian SP, Symonds ME, Jalali R, Zare M, Imanieh MH, Stasi C. The effects of metformin administration on liver enzymes and body composition in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: An up-to date systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacological Research. September 2020, 159: 104799. PMID 32278041. S2CID 215741792. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104799.
Blazina I, Selph S. Diabetes drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6884753 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). November 2019, 8 (1): 295. PMC 6884753 . PMID 31783920. doi:10.1186/s13643-019-1200-8 .
Leoni S, Tovoli F, Napoli L, Serio I, Ferri S, Bolondi L. Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review with comparative analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092580 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). August 2018, 24 (30): 3361–3373. PMC 6092580 . PMID 30122876. doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3361 .
Ibáñez L, Ong K, Valls C, Marcos MV, Dunger DB, de Zegher F. Metformin treatment to prevent early puberty in girls with precocious pubarche. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. August 2006, 91 (8): 2888–91. PMID 16684823. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0336 .
Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Díaz M, Marcos MV, de Zegher F. Early metformin therapy (age 8-12 years) in girls with precocious pubarche to reduce hirsutism, androgen excess, and oligomenorrhea in adolescence. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. August 2011, 96 (8): E1262–7. PMID 21632811. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0555 .
Ibáñez L, Díaz R, López-Bermejo A, Marcos MV. Clinical spectrum of premature pubarche: links to metabolic syndrome and ovarian hyperandrogenism. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. March 2009, 10 (1): 63–76. PMID 18726694. S2CID 9129907. doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9096-y.
Bannister, C. A.; Holden, S. E.; Jenkins-Jones, S.; Morgan, C. Ll; Halcox, J. P.; Schernthaner, G.; Mukherjee, J.; Currie, C. J. Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2014-11, 16 (11): 1165–1173 [2021-08-12]. ISSN 1463-1326. PMID 25041462. doi:10.1111/dom.12354. （原始内容存档于2022-04-05）.
Barzilai N, Crandall JP, Kritchevsky SB, Espeland MA. Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging. Cell Metabolism. June 2016, 23 (6): 1060–1065. PMC 5943638 . PMID 27304507. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011.
Lee CG, Heckman-Stoddard B, Dabelea D, Gadde KM, Ehrmann D, Ford L, Prorok P, Boyko EJ, Pi-Sunyer X, Wallia A, Knowler WC, Crandall JP, Temprosa M. Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669534 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). December 2021, 44 (12): 2775–2782. PMC 8669534 . PMID 34697033. doi:10.2337/dc21-1046 .
Zhang J, Wen L, Zhou Q, He K, Teng L. Preventative and Therapeutic Effects of Metformin in Gastric Cancer: A New Contribution of an Old Friend. Cancer Management and Research //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7505710 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). 16 September 2020, 12: 8545–8554. PMC 7505710 . PMID 32982447. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S264032  （English）.
Campbell JM, Bellman SM, Stephenson MD, Lisy K. Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect on diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews. November 2017, 40: 31–44. PMID 28802803. S2CID 20334490. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.08.003.
Mohammed I, Hollenberg MD, Ding H, Triggle CR. A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan. Frontiers in Endocrinology //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8374068 |PMC=缺少标题 (帮助). 2021, 12: 718942. PMC 8374068 . PMID 34421827. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.718942 .

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bannister, C. A.; Holden, S. E.; Jenkins-Jones, S.; Morgan, C. Ll; Halcox, J. P.; Schernthaner, G.; Mukherjee, J.; Currie, C. J. Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2014-11, 16 (11): 1165–1173 [2021-08-12]. ISSN 1463-1326. PMID 25041462. doi:10.1111/dom.12354. （原始内容存档于2022-04-05）.

onlineclinic.co.uk

How does this medication work?. OnlineClinic. [2015-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-22）.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Jalali M, Rahimlou M, Mahmoodi M, Moosavian SP, Symonds ME, Jalali R, Zare M, Imanieh MH, Stasi C. The effects of metformin administration on liver enzymes and body composition in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: An up-to date systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacological Research. September 2020, 159: 104799. PMID 32278041. S2CID 215741792. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104799.
Ibáñez L, Díaz R, López-Bermejo A, Marcos MV. Clinical spectrum of premature pubarche: links to metabolic syndrome and ovarian hyperandrogenism. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. March 2009, 10 (1): 63–76. PMID 18726694. S2CID 9129907. doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9096-y.
Campbell JM, Bellman SM, Stephenson MD, Lisy K. Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect on diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews. November 2017, 40: 31–44. PMID 28802803. S2CID 20334490. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.08.003.

web.archive.org

Metformin Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Jan 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-24）.
Clinical Obesity. 2nd. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. 2008: 262 [2016-09-07]. ISBN 9781405143660. （原始内容存档于2020-09-14）.
Malek, M; Aghili, R; Emami, Z; Khamseh, ME. Risk of Cancer in Diabetes: The Effect of Metformin. (PDF). ISRN Endocrinology. 2013, 2013: 636927 [2016-09-07]. PMC 3800579 . PMID 24224094. doi:10.1155/2013/636927. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-09-08）.
Fischer, Janos. Analogue-based Drug Discovery II. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 47–49 [2016-09-07]. ISBN 9783527632121. （原始内容存档于2020-12-09）.
McKee, Mitchell Bebel Stargrove, Jonathan Treasure, Dwight L. Herb, nutrient, and drug interactions : clinical implications and therapeutic strategies. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier. 2008: 217 [2016-09-07]. ISBN 9780323029643. （原始内容存档于2020-09-14）.
WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-04-11）.
How does this medication work?. OnlineClinic. [2015-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-22）.
Wu, Hao; Esteve, Eduardo; Tremaroli, Valentina; Khan, Muhammad Tanweer; Caesar, Robert; Mannerås-Holm, Louise; 等. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nature Medicine. 2017-07, 23 (7): 850–858 [2021-04-11]. ISSN 1546-170X. doi:10.1038/nm.4345. （原始内容存档于2017-12-11）（英语）.
Bannister, C. A.; Holden, S. E.; Jenkins-Jones, S.; Morgan, C. Ll; Halcox, J. P.; Schernthaner, G.; Mukherjee, J.; Currie, C. J. Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2014-11, 16 (11): 1165–1173 [2021-08-12]. ISSN 1463-1326. PMID 25041462. doi:10.1111/dom.12354. （原始内容存档于2022-04-05）.
世界首例抗衰老药将临床试验或让人活到120岁. 中新網. 2015-12-02 [2015-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-16）.

who.int

apps.who.int

WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-04-11）.

worldcat.org

Wu, Hao; Esteve, Eduardo; Tremaroli, Valentina; Khan, Muhammad Tanweer; Caesar, Robert; Mannerås-Holm, Louise; 等. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nature Medicine. 2017-07, 23 (7): 850–858 [2021-04-11]. ISSN 1546-170X. doi:10.1038/nm.4345. （原始内容存档于2017-12-11）（英语）.
Bannister, C. A.; Holden, S. E.; Jenkins-Jones, S.; Morgan, C. Ll; Halcox, J. P.; Schernthaner, G.; Mukherjee, J.; Currie, C. J. Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2014-11, 16 (11): 1165–1173 [2021-08-12]. ISSN 1463-1326. PMID 25041462. doi:10.1111/dom.12354. （原始内容存档于2022-04-05）.