仙女座星系 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "仙女座星系" in Chinese language version.

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archive.today

ISO unveils the hidden rings of Andromeda (新闻稿). Esa Science News. October 14, 1998 [2006-05-24]. （原始内容存档于1999-08-28）.

arxiv.org

Ribas, Ignasi; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; Fitzpatrick, Edward L.; Hilditch, Ron W.; Guinan, Edward F. First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-10, 635 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . doi:10.1086/499161. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Holland, Stephen. The Distance to the M31 Globular Cluster System. The Astronomical Journal. 1998-05, 115 (5) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1916H. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/9802088 . doi:10.1086/300348. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Stanek, K. Z.; Garnavich, P. M. Distance to M31 with the Hubble Space Telescope and Hipparcos Red Clump Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 1998-08-20, 503 (2) [2022-11-23]. arXiv:astro-ph/9802121 . doi:10.1086/311539. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I. The mass of the Andromeda galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2000-08-21, 316 (4) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.316..929E. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:astro-ph/0004187 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03645.x. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）（英语）.
Beaton, Rachael L.; Majewski, Steven R.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Good, John; Patterson, Richard J.; Athanassoula, E.; Bureau, Martin. Unveiling the Boxy Bulge and Bar of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007-04-01, 658 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2007ApJ...658L..91B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605239 . doi:10.1086/514333. （原始内容存档于2021-07-11）（英语）.
Kalirai, Jasonjot S.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Majewski, Steven R.; Ostheimer, James C.; Rich, R. Michael; Cooper, Michael C.; Reitzel, David B.; Patterson, Richard J. The Metal‐poor Halo of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy (M31). The Astrophysical Journal. 2006-09, 648 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...648..389K. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605170 . doi:10.1086/505697. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Bullock, James S.; Johnston, Kathryn V. Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos. I. Methods. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-20, 635 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..931B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0506467 . doi:10.1086/497422. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Barnard, R.; Kolb, U.; Osborne, J. P. Timing the bright X-ray population of the core of M31 with XMM-Newton. arXiv e-prints. 2005-08-01 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005astro.ph..8284B. arXiv:astro-ph/0508284 . doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0508284. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2001-08-10, 557 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Koch, Andreas; Grebel, Eva K. The Anisotropic Distribution of M31 Satellite Galaxies: A Polar Great Plane of Early-type Companions. The Astronomical Journal. 2006-03, 131 (3) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..255C. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/0509258 . doi:10.1086/499534. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Dark matter comes out of the cold. BBC News. 2006-02-05 [2006-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2006-06-21）.

caltech.edu

nedipac.caltech.edu

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for Messier 31. [2006-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-14）.

pr.caltech.edu

Andromeda's Stellar Halo Shows Galaxy's Origin to Be Similar to That of Milky Way (新闻稿). CalTech Media Relations. February 27, 2006 [2006-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2006-05-09）.

doi.org

Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field. Astrophysics. 2006-01, 49 (1). Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. ISSN 0571-7256. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 （英语）.
Ribas, Ignasi; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; Fitzpatrick, Edward L.; Hilditch, Ron W.; Guinan, Edward F. First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-10, 635 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . doi:10.1086/499161. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
XII. On the construction of the heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1785-12-31, 75 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0261-0523. doi:10.1098/rstl.1785.0012. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
XIII. On the spectra of some of the nebulœ. A supplement to the paper “On the spectra of some of the fixed stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864-12-31, 154 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 108876. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0013. （原始内容存档于2021-12-25）（英语）.
Curtis, Heber D. Novae in Spiral Nebulae and the Island Universe Theory. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1988-01, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1988PASP..100....6C. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132128. （原始内容存档于2022-10-11）（英语）.
Hubble, E. P. A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1929-03, 69 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..103H. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/143167. （原始内容存档于2019-05-15）（英语）.
Baade, W. The Resolution of Messier 32, NGC 205, and the Central Region of the Andromeda Nebula.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1944-09, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..137B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/144650. （原始内容存档于2019-06-30）（英语）.
Holland, Stephen. The Distance to the M31 Globular Cluster System. The Astronomical Journal. 1998-05, 115 (5) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1916H. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/9802088 . doi:10.1086/300348. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Stanek, K. Z.; Garnavich, P. M. Distance to M31 with the Hubble Space Telescope and Hipparcos Red Clump Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 1998-08-20, 503 (2) [2022-11-23]. arXiv:astro-ph/9802121 . doi:10.1086/311539. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I. The mass of the Andromeda galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2000-08-21, 316 (4) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.316..929E. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:astro-ph/0004187 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03645.x. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）（英语）.
Liller, William; Mayer, Ben. The rate of nova production in the Galaxy. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1987-07, 99 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..606L. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132021. （原始内容存档于2022-10-12）（英语）.
Beaton, Rachael L.; Majewski, Steven R.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Good, John; Patterson, Richard J.; Athanassoula, E.; Bureau, Martin. Unveiling the Boxy Bulge and Bar of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007-04-01, 658 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2007ApJ...658L..91B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605239 . doi:10.1086/514333. （原始内容存档于2021-07-11）（英语）.
Rubin, Vera C.; Ford, W. Kent, Jr. Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions. The Astrophysical Journal. 1970-02, 159 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1970ApJ...159..379R. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/150317. （原始内容存档于2019-09-10）（英语）.
Arp, Halton. Spiral Structure in M31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1964-05, 139 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1964ApJ...139.1045A. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/147844. （原始内容存档于2018-06-12）（英语）.
Braun, Robert. The distribution and kinematics of neutral gas in M31. The Astrophysical Journal. 1991-05, 372 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1991ApJ...372...54B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/169954. （原始内容存档于2019-02-26）（英语）.
Kalirai, Jasonjot S.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Majewski, Steven R.; Ostheimer, James C.; Rich, R. Michael; Cooper, Michael C.; Reitzel, David B.; Patterson, Richard J. The Metal‐poor Halo of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy (M31). The Astrophysical Journal. 2006-09, 648 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...648..389K. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605170 . doi:10.1086/505697. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Bullock, James S.; Johnston, Kathryn V. Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos. I. Methods. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-20, 635 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..931B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0506467 . doi:10.1086/497422. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Barnard, R.; Kolb, U.; Osborne, J. P. Timing the bright X-ray population of the core of M31 with XMM-Newton. arXiv e-prints. 2005-08-01 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005astro.ph..8284B. arXiv:astro-ph/0508284 . doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0508284. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Barmby, Pauline; Holland, Stephen; Huchra, John P. M31 Globular Clusters in the Hubble Space Telescope Archive. II. Structural Parameters. The Astronomical Journal. 2002-04, 123 (4) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 118627776. doi:10.1086/339667. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Meylan, G.; Sarajedini, A.; Jablonka, P.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Bridges, T.; Rich, R. M. Mayall II = G1 in M31: Giant Globular Cluster or Core of a Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy?. The Astronomical Journal. 2001-08, 122 (2) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 17778865. doi:10.1086/321166. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Huxor, A. P.; Tanvir, N. R.; Irwin, M. J.; Ibata, R.; Collett, J. L.; Ferguson, A. M. N.; Bridges, T.; Lewis, G. F. A new population of extended, luminous star clusters in the halo of M31. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2005-07, 360 (3) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1365-2966. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09086.x. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2001-08-10, 557 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Ibata, Rodrigo; Irwin, Michael; Lewis, Geraint; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Tanvir, Nial. A giant stream of metal-rich stars in the halo of the galaxy M31. Nature. 2001-07, 412 (6842) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/35083506. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）（英语）.
Koch, Andreas; Grebel, Eva K. The Anisotropic Distribution of M31 Satellite Galaxies: A Polar Great Plane of Early-type Companions. The Astronomical Journal. 2006-03, 131 (3) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..255C. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/0509258 . doi:10.1086/499534. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.

esa.es

iso.vilspa.esa.es

ISO unveils the hidden rings of Andromeda (新闻稿). Esa Science News. October 14, 1998 [2006-05-24]. （原始内容存档于1999-08-28）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field. Astrophysics. 2006-01, 49 (1). Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. ISSN 0571-7256. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 （英语）.
Ribas, Ignasi; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; Fitzpatrick, Edward L.; Hilditch, Ron W.; Guinan, Edward F. First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-10, 635 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . doi:10.1086/499161. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Slipher, V. M. The radial velocity of the Andromeda Nebula. Lowell Observatory Bulletin. 1913-01-01, 2 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1913LowOB...1b..56S. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.
Curtis, Heber D. Novae in Spiral Nebulae and the Island Universe Theory. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1988-01, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1988PASP..100....6C. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132128. （原始内容存档于2022-10-11）（英语）.
Hubble, E. P. A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1929-03, 69 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..103H. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/143167. （原始内容存档于2019-05-15）（英语）.
Baade, W. The Resolution of Messier 32, NGC 205, and the Central Region of the Andromeda Nebula.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1944-09, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..137B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/144650. （原始内容存档于2019-06-30）（英语）.
Holland, Stephen. The Distance to the M31 Globular Cluster System. The Astronomical Journal. 1998-05, 115 (5) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1916H. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/9802088 . doi:10.1086/300348. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I. The mass of the Andromeda galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2000-08-21, 316 (4) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.316..929E. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:astro-ph/0004187 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03645.x. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）（英语）.
Liller, William; Mayer, Ben. The rate of nova production in the Galaxy. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1987-07, 99 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..606L. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132021. （原始内容存档于2022-10-12）（英语）.
Beaton, Rachael L.; Majewski, Steven R.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Good, John; Patterson, Richard J.; Athanassoula, E.; Bureau, Martin. Unveiling the Boxy Bulge and Bar of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007-04-01, 658 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2007ApJ...658L..91B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605239 . doi:10.1086/514333. （原始内容存档于2021-07-11）（英语）.
Rubin, Vera C.; Ford, W. Kent, Jr. Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions. The Astrophysical Journal. 1970-02, 159 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1970ApJ...159..379R. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/150317. （原始内容存档于2019-09-10）（英语）.
Arp, Halton. Spiral Structure in M31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1964-05, 139 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1964ApJ...139.1045A. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/147844. （原始内容存档于2018-06-12）（英语）.
Braun, Robert. The distribution and kinematics of neutral gas in M31. The Astrophysical Journal. 1991-05, 372 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1991ApJ...372...54B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/169954. （原始内容存档于2019-02-26）（英语）.
Kalirai, Jasonjot S.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Majewski, Steven R.; Ostheimer, James C.; Rich, R. Michael; Cooper, Michael C.; Reitzel, David B.; Patterson, Richard J. The Metal‐poor Halo of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy (M31). The Astrophysical Journal. 2006-09, 648 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...648..389K. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605170 . doi:10.1086/505697. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Bullock, James S.; Johnston, Kathryn V. Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos. I. Methods. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-20, 635 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..931B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0506467 . doi:10.1086/497422. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Barnard, R.; Kolb, U.; Osborne, J. P. Timing the bright X-ray population of the core of M31 with XMM-Newton. arXiv e-prints. 2005-08-01 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005astro.ph..8284B. arXiv:astro-ph/0508284 . doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0508284. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2001-08-10, 557 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Koch, Andreas; Grebel, Eva K. The Anisotropic Distribution of M31 Satellite Galaxies: A Polar Great Plane of Early-type Companions. The Astronomical Journal. 2006-03, 131 (3) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..255C. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/0509258 . doi:10.1086/499534. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.

adsabs.harvard.edu

Hubble, E. P. A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1929-03, 69 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..103H. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/143167. （原始内容存档于2019-05-15）（英语）.
Baade, W. The Resolution of Messier 32, NGC 205, and the Central Region of the Andromeda Nebula.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1944-09, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..137B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/144650. （原始内容存档于2019-06-30）（英语）.
Rubin, Vera C.; Ford, W. Kent, Jr. Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions. The Astrophysical Journal. 1970-02, 159 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1970ApJ...159..379R. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/150317. （原始内容存档于2019-09-10）（英语）.
Arp, Halton. Spiral Structure in M31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1964-05, 139 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1964ApJ...139.1045A. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/147844. （原始内容存档于2018-06-12）（英语）.
Braun, Robert. The distribution and kinematics of neutral gas in M31. The Astrophysical Journal. 1991-05, 372 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1991ApJ...372...54B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/169954. （原始内容存档于2019-02-26）（英语）.

cfa.harvard.edu

Busted! Astronomers Nab Culprit in Galactic Hit-and-Run. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. October 18, 2006 [2006-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-29）.

haydenplanetarium.org

Dr. John Dubinski, University of Toronto. A Collision Between The Milky Way And The Andromeda Galaxy. [2006-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2006-05-17）.

hubblesite.org

Hubble Space Telescope Finds a Double Nucleus in the Andromeda Galaxy (新闻稿). Hubble news desk STScI-1993-18. July 20, 1993 [2006-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2005-11-21）.
Hubble Spies Globular Cluster in Neighboring Galaxy (新闻稿). Hubble news desk STSci-1996-11. April 24, 1996 [2006-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2006-07-01）.

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Huxor, A. P.; Tanvir, N. R.; Irwin, M. J.; Ibata, R.; Collett, J. L.; Ferguson, A. M. N.; Bridges, T.; Lewis, G. F. A new population of extended, luminous star clusters in the halo of M31. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2005-07, 360 (3) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1365-2966. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09086.x. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.

iop.org

iopscience.iop.org

Ribas, Ignasi; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; Fitzpatrick, Edward L.; Hilditch, Ron W.; Guinan, Edward F. First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-10, 635 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . doi:10.1086/499161. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Curtis, Heber D. Novae in Spiral Nebulae and the Island Universe Theory. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1988-01, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1988PASP..100....6C. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132128. （原始内容存档于2022-10-11）（英语）.
Holland, Stephen. The Distance to the M31 Globular Cluster System. The Astronomical Journal. 1998-05, 115 (5) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1916H. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/9802088 . doi:10.1086/300348. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Stanek, K. Z.; Garnavich, P. M. Distance to M31 with the Hubble Space Telescope and Hipparcos Red Clump Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 1998-08-20, 503 (2) [2022-11-23]. arXiv:astro-ph/9802121 . doi:10.1086/311539. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Liller, William; Mayer, Ben. The rate of nova production in the Galaxy. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1987-07, 99 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..606L. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132021. （原始内容存档于2022-10-12）（英语）.
Beaton, Rachael L.; Majewski, Steven R.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Good, John; Patterson, Richard J.; Athanassoula, E.; Bureau, Martin. Unveiling the Boxy Bulge and Bar of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007-04-01, 658 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2007ApJ...658L..91B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605239 . doi:10.1086/514333. （原始内容存档于2021-07-11）（英语）.
Kalirai, Jasonjot S.; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Majewski, Steven R.; Ostheimer, James C.; Rich, R. Michael; Cooper, Michael C.; Reitzel, David B.; Patterson, Richard J. The Metal‐poor Halo of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy (M31). The Astrophysical Journal. 2006-09, 648 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...648..389K. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605170 . doi:10.1086/505697. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Bullock, James S.; Johnston, Kathryn V. Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos. I. Methods. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-20, 635 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..931B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0506467 . doi:10.1086/497422. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Barmby, Pauline; Holland, Stephen; Huchra, John P. M31 Globular Clusters in the Hubble Space Telescope Archive. II. Structural Parameters. The Astronomical Journal. 2002-04, 123 (4) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 118627776. doi:10.1086/339667. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Meylan, G.; Sarajedini, A.; Jablonka, P.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Bridges, T.; Rich, R. M. Mayall II = G1 in M31: Giant Globular Cluster or Core of a Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy?. The Astronomical Journal. 2001-08, 122 (2) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 17778865. doi:10.1086/321166. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2001-08-10, 557 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Koch, Andreas; Grebel, Eva K. The Anisotropic Distribution of M31 Satellite Galaxies: A Polar Great Plane of Early-type Companions. The Astronomical Journal. 2006-03, 131 (3) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..255C. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/0509258 . doi:10.1086/499534. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.

jstor.org

XIII. On the spectra of some of the nebulœ. A supplement to the paper “On the spectra of some of the fixed stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864-12-31, 154 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 108876. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0013. （原始内容存档于2021-12-25）（英语）.

nature.com

Ibata, Rodrigo; Irwin, Michael; Lewis, Geraint; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Tanvir, Nial. A giant stream of metal-rich stars in the halo of the galaxy M31. Nature. 2001-07, 412 (6842) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/35083506. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）（英语）.

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royalsocietypublishing.org

XII. On the construction of the heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1785-12-31, 75 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0261-0523. doi:10.1098/rstl.1785.0012. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
XIII. On the spectra of some of the nebulœ. A supplement to the paper “On the spectra of some of the fixed stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864-12-31, 154 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 108876. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0013. （原始内容存档于2021-12-25）（英语）.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Barmby, Pauline; Holland, Stephen; Huchra, John P. M31 Globular Clusters in the Hubble Space Telescope Archive. II. Structural Parameters. The Astronomical Journal. 2002-04, 123 (4) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 118627776. doi:10.1086/339667. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Meylan, G.; Sarajedini, A.; Jablonka, P.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Bridges, T.; Rich, R. M. Mayall II = G1 in M31: Giant Globular Cluster or Core of a Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy?. The Astronomical Journal. 2001-08, 122 (2) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 17778865. doi:10.1086/321166. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.

space.com

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springer.com

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Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field. Astrophysics. 2006-01, 49 (1). Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. ISSN 0571-7256. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 （英语）.

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Ribas, Ignasi; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; Fitzpatrick, Edward L.; Hilditch, Ron W.; Guinan, Edward F. First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-10, 635 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . doi:10.1086/499161. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
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Stanek, K. Z.; Garnavich, P. M. Distance to M31 with the Hubble Space Telescope and Hipparcos Red Clump Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 1998-08-20, 503 (2) [2022-11-23]. arXiv:astro-ph/9802121 . doi:10.1086/311539. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I. The mass of the Andromeda galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2000-08-21, 316 (4) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.316..929E. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:astro-ph/0004187 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03645.x. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）（英语）.
Liller, William; Mayer, Ben. The rate of nova production in the Galaxy. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1987-07, 99 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..606L. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132021. （原始内容存档于2022-10-12）（英语）.
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Bullock, James S.; Johnston, Kathryn V. Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos. I. Methods. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-20, 635 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..931B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0506467 . doi:10.1086/497422. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
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Huxor, A. P.; Tanvir, N. R.; Irwin, M. J.; Ibata, R.; Collett, J. L.; Ferguson, A. M. N.; Bridges, T.; Lewis, G. F. A new population of extended, luminous star clusters in the halo of M31. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2005-07, 360 (3) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1365-2966. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09086.x. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2001-08-10, 557 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
Ibata, Rodrigo; Irwin, Michael; Lewis, Geraint; Ferguson, Annette M. N.; Tanvir, Nial. A giant stream of metal-rich stars in the halo of the galaxy M31. Nature. 2001-07, 412 (6842) [2022-11-23]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/35083506. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）（英语）.
Koch, Andreas; Grebel, Eva K. The Anisotropic Distribution of M31 Satellite Galaxies: A Polar Great Plane of Early-type Companions. The Astronomical Journal. 2006-03, 131 (3) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..255C. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/0509258 . doi:10.1086/499534. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.

wikisource.org

de.wikisource.org

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worldcat.org

Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field. Astrophysics. 2006-01, 49 (1). Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. ISSN 0571-7256. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 （英语）.
Ribas, Ignasi; Jordi, Carme; Vilardell, Francesc; Fitzpatrick, Edward L.; Hilditch, Ron W.; Guinan, Edward F. First Determination of the Distance and Fundamental Properties of an Eclipsing Binary in the Andromeda Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005-12-10, 635 (1) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..37R. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0511045 . doi:10.1086/499161. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
XII. On the construction of the heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1785-12-31, 75 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0261-0523. doi:10.1098/rstl.1785.0012. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
XIII. On the spectra of some of the nebulœ. A supplement to the paper “On the spectra of some of the fixed stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864-12-31, 154 [2022-11-23]. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 108876. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0013. （原始内容存档于2021-12-25）（英语）.
Curtis, Heber D. Novae in Spiral Nebulae and the Island Universe Theory. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1988-01, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1988PASP..100....6C. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132128. （原始内容存档于2022-10-11）（英语）.
Hubble, E. P. A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1929-03, 69 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..103H. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/143167. （原始内容存档于2019-05-15）（英语）.
Baade, W. The Resolution of Messier 32, NGC 205, and the Central Region of the Andromeda Nebula.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1944-09, 100 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..137B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/144650. （原始内容存档于2019-06-30）（英语）.
Holland, Stephen. The Distance to the M31 Globular Cluster System. The Astronomical Journal. 1998-05, 115 (5) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1916H. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:astro-ph/9802088 . doi:10.1086/300348. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）（英语）.
Evans, N. W.; Wilkinson, M. I. The mass of the Andromeda galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2000-08-21, 316 (4) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.316..929E. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:astro-ph/0004187 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03645.x. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）（英语）.
Liller, William; Mayer, Ben. The rate of nova production in the Galaxy. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1987-07, 99 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..606L. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/132021. （原始内容存档于2022-10-12）（英语）.
Beaton, Rachael L.; Majewski, Steven R.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Good, John; Patterson, Richard J.; Athanassoula, E.; Bureau, Martin. Unveiling the Boxy Bulge and Bar of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. 2007-04-01, 658 (2) [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:2007ApJ...658L..91B. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0605239 . doi:10.1086/514333. （原始内容存档于2021-07-11）（英语）.
Rubin, Vera C.; Ford, W. Kent, Jr. Rotation of the Andromeda Nebula from a Spectroscopic Survey of Emission Regions. The Astrophysical Journal. 1970-02, 159 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1970ApJ...159..379R. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/150317. （原始内容存档于2019-09-10）（英语）.
Arp, Halton. Spiral Structure in M31.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1964-05, 139 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1964ApJ...139.1045A. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/147844. （原始内容存档于2018-06-12）（英语）.
Braun, Robert. The distribution and kinematics of neutral gas in M31. The Astrophysical Journal. 1991-05, 372 [2022-11-23]. Bibcode:1991ApJ...372...54B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/169954. （原始内容存档于2019-02-26）（英语）.
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