伊斯坦堡 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "伊斯坦堡" in Chinese language version.

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af.mil

incirlik.af.mil

Istanbul, a city where two continents meet. Incirlik Air Base. 2022-12-06 [2024-06-20] （美国英语）.

ametsoc.org

journals.ametsoc.org

Tayanç, Mete; Karaca, Mehmet; Dalfes, H. Nüzhet. March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking. Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society). 1998, 126 (11): 3036 [2010-07-27]. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.3036T. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2019-05-06）.

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Mossberger, Clarke & John 2012，第145頁 Mossberger, Karen; Clarke, Susan E.; John, Peter. The Oxford Handbook of Urban Politics. Oxford Handbooks in Politics and International Relations. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-536786-7.
Çelik 1993，第xv頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
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Herodotus Histories 4.144, translated in De Sélincourt 2003，第288頁 De Sélincourt, Aubery. Marincola, John M , 编. The Histories. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books. 2003. ISBN 978-0-14-044908-2.
Gregory 2010，第62–3頁 Gregory, Timothy E. A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Room 2006，第177–8頁 Room, Adrian. Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites 2nd. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7.
Çelik 1993，第11頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Grant 1996，第8–10頁 Grant, Michael. The Severans: The Changed Roman Empire. London: Routledge. 1996. ISBN 978-0-415-12772-1.
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Barnes 1981，第222頁 Barnes, Timothy David. Constantine and Eusebius. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1.
Gregory 2010，第63頁 Gregory, Timothy E. A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Klimczuk & Warner 2009，第171頁 Klimczuk, Stephen; Warner, Gerald. Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4027-6207-9.
Dahmus 1995，第117頁 Dahmus, Joseph. A History of the Middle Ages. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing. 1995. ISBN 978-0-7607-0036-5.
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Gregory 2010，第324–9頁 Gregory, Timothy E. A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Gregory 2010，第330–3頁 Gregory, Timothy E. A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Gregory 2010，第340頁 Gregory, Timothy E. A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Gregory 2010，第341–2頁 Gregory, Timothy E. A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Baynes 1949，第47頁 Baynes, Norman H. Baynes, Norman H.; Moss, Henry S. L. B , 编. Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization. Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press. 1949. ISBN 978-0-674-16531-1.
Gregory 2010，第394–9頁 Gregory, Timothy E. A History of Byzantium. Oxford, Eng.: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8471-7.
Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald. 3000 Years of Urban Growth. London: Academic Press. 1974. ISBN 978-0-12-785109-9.
Çelik 1993，第87–9頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Çelik 1993，第31頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Dumper & Stanley 2007，第39頁 Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (编). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. 2007. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
Efe & Cürebal 2011，第718–9頁 Efe, Recep; Cürebal, Isa. Impacts of the "Marmaray" Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul. Brunn, Stanley D (编). Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. London & New York: Springer. 2011: 715–34. ISBN 978-90-481-9919-8.
Efe & Cürebal 2011，第716–7頁 Efe, Recep; Cürebal, Isa. Impacts of the "Marmaray" Project (Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels, and Stations) on Transportation and Urban Environment in Istanbul. Brunn, Stanley D (编). Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. London & New York: Springer. 2011: 715–34. ISBN 978-90-481-9919-8.
Çelik 1993，第70, 169頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Çelik 1993，第127頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Karpat 1976，第78–96頁 Karpat, Kemal H. The Gecekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization illustrated. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. 1976. ISBN 978-0-521-20954-0.
Taylor 2007，第241頁 Taylor, Jane. Imperial Istanbul: A Traveller's Guide: Includes Iznik, Bursa and Edirne. New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. 2007. ISBN 978-1-84511-334-6.
Time Out Guides 2010，第212頁 Time Out Guides (编). Time Out Istanbul. London: Time Out Guides. 2010. ISBN 978-1-84670-115-3.
Freely 2000，第283頁 Freely, John. The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara. Woodbridge, Eng.: Companion Guides. 2000. ISBN 978-1-900639-31-6.
Necipoğlu 1991，第180, 136–137頁 Necipoğlu, Gülru. Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-262-14050-8.
Çelik 1993，第159頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Çelik 1993，第133–34, 141頁 Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, Calif., & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-520-08239-7.
Chandler 1987，第463–505頁 Chandler, Tertius. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston, N.Y.: St. David's University Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6.

athensnews.gr

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bbc.co.uk

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Bloom & Blair 2009，第1頁 Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila. The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Delhi to Mosque. Oxford University Press. 2009: 1 [2013-04-11]. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）. Whatever the prehistoric antecedents of Istanbul, the continuous historical development of the site began with the foundation of a Greek colony from Megara in the mid-7th century BCE...
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brookings.edu

Berube, Alan. Global Growth on the Orient Express. Brookings Institution blog “The Avenue”. 2010-12-01 [2013-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

cambridge.org

Oya Algan, M. Namık Yalçın, Mehmet Özdoğan, Yücel Yılmaz, Erol Sarı, Elmas Kırcı-Elmas, İsak Yılmaz, Özlem Bulkan, Demet Ongan, Cem Gazioğlu, Atike Nazik, Mehmet Ali Polat, Engin Meriç. Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–İstanbul and its impact on cultural history. Quaternary Research. 2011/07, 76 (1): 30–45 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0033-5894. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.04.002. （原始内容存档于2020-11-28）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

cnnturk.com

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dmi.gov.tr

[Monthly Total Participation Data: August]. Turkish State Meteorological Service. [2012-07-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-16）（土耳其语）.
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İstanbul Bölge Müdürlüğü'ne Bağlı İstasyonlarda Ölçülen Ekstrem Değerler [Extreme Values Measured in Istanbul Regional Directorate] (PDF). Turkish State Meteorological Service. [2010-07-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-05-24）（土耳其语）.
Resmi İstatistikler (İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler) [Official Statistics (Statistical Data of Provinces and Districts) - Istanbul]. Turkish State Meteorological Service. [2014年12月3日]. （原始内容存档于2013年11月3日）（土耳其语）.

doi.org

Georgacas 1947，第352ff.頁 Georgacas, Demetrius John. The Names of Constantinople. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association (The Johns Hopkins University Press). 1947, 78: 347–67. JSTOR 283503. doi:10.2307/283503.
Oya Algan, M. Namık Yalçın, Mehmet Özdoğan, Yücel Yılmaz, Erol Sarı, Elmas Kırcı-Elmas, İsak Yılmaz, Özlem Bulkan, Demet Ongan, Cem Gazioğlu, Atike Nazik, Mehmet Ali Polat, Engin Meriç. Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–İstanbul and its impact on cultural history. Quaternary Research. 2011/07, 76 (1): 30–45 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0033-5894. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.04.002. （原始内容存档于2020-11-28）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
Parsons, Tom; Toda, Shinji; Stein, Ross S.; Barka, Aykut; Dieterich, James H. Heightened Odds of Large Earthquakes Near Istanbul: An Interaction-Based Probability Calculation. Science (Washington, D.C.: The American Association for the Advancement of Science). 2000, 288 (5466): 661–5. Bibcode:2000Sci...288..661P. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10784447. doi:10.1126/science.288.5466.661.
Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz. World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation updated (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. June 2006, 15 (3): 259–263 [2013-03-29]. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-04-12）.
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2007, 4 (2): 439–473 [2013-03-29]. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-08-28）.
Kindap, Tayfin. A Severe Sea-Effect Snow Episode Over the City of Istanbul. Natural Hazards. 2010-01-19, 54 (3): 703–23 [2012-10-15]. ISSN 1573-0840. doi:10.1007/s11069-009-9496-7. ^{[永久失效連結]}
Tayanç, Mete; Karaca, Mehmet; Dalfes, H. Nüzhet. March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking. Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society). 1998, 126 (11): 3036 [2010-07-27]. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.3036T. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2019-05-06）.

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Traynor, Ian. A Disaster Waiting to Happen – Why a Huge Earthquake Near Istanbul Seems Inevitable. The Guardian (UK). 2006-12-09 [2010-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-01）.
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Parsons, Tom; Toda, Shinji; Stein, Ross S.; Barka, Aykut; Dieterich, James H. Heightened Odds of Large Earthquakes Near Istanbul: An Interaction-Based Probability Calculation. Science (Washington, D.C.: The American Association for the Advancement of Science). 2000, 288 (5466): 661–5. Bibcode:2000Sci...288..661P. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10784447. doi:10.1126/science.288.5466.661.
Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rube, Franz. World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation updated (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. June 2006, 15 (3): 259–263 [2013-03-29]. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-04-12）.
Tayanç, Mete; Karaca, Mehmet; Dalfes, H. Nüzhet. March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking. Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society). 1998, 126 (11): 3036 [2010-07-27]. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126.3036T. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2019-05-06）.

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Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classiﬁcation (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2007, 4 (2): 439–473 [2013-03-29]. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-08-28）.

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jstor.org

Georgacas 1947，第352ff.頁 Georgacas, Demetrius John. The Names of Constantinople. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association (The Johns Hopkins University Press). 1947, 78: 347–67. JSTOR 283503. doi:10.2307/283503.

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Yıllık Toplam Yağış Verileri [Annual Total Participation Data: Istanbul, Turkey]. Turkish State Meteorological Service. [2012-07-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-05）（土耳其语）.

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