Dr Parviz Kambin, A History of the Iranian Plateau: Rise and Fall of an Empire, Universe, 2011, p.36, online edition （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
H. Scheel; Jaschke, Gerhard; H. Braun; Spuler, Bertold; T. Koszinowski; Bagley, Frank. Muslim World. Brill Archive. 1981: 65, 370 [2012-09-28]. ISBN 978-90-04-06196-5.
Iranica Online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: "Turkic was also the mother tongue and, to an extent, the court language of the subsequent Afsharid and Qajar dynasties"
Iranica Online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: "Turkic was also the mother tongue and, to an extent, the court language of the subsequent Afsharid and Qajar dynasties"
