伪科学 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "伪科学" in Chinese language version.

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38web.archive.org

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7doi.org

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5archive.org

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5books.google.com

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5nih.gov

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2uark.edu

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2skepdic.com

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2harrisinteractive.com

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1stephenjaygould.org

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1popularscience.co.uk

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1stanford.edu

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1oed.com

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1ucsd.edu

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1jstor.org

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1marxists.org

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1loc.gov

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1srmhp.org

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1google.com.hk

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1webcitation.org

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1msn.com

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1seesharppress.com

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1lhup.edu

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1senseaboutscience.org.uk

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1uow.edu.au

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1ncse.com

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1royalsoc.ac.uk

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1archivefreedom.org

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1lander.edu

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1yourdictionary.com

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1theness.com

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1foxnews.com

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1bris.ac.uk

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1telegraph.co.uk

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1worldcat.org

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1archive-it.org

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1sciencenews.org

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1arxiv.org

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archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

Public Knowledge About S&T. [August 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-18）. Surveys conducted in the United States and Europe reveal that many citizens do not have a firm grasp of basic scientific facts and concepts, nor do they have an understanding of the scientific process. In addition, belief in pseudoscience (an indicator of scientific illiteracy) seems to be widespread among Americans and Europeans.

archive.org

Hurd PD. Scientific literacy: New minds for a changing world. Science Education. June 1998, 82 (3): 407–416. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199806)82:3<407::AID-SCE6>3.0.CO;2-G.
Still, A; Dryden, W. The Social Psychology of "Pseudoscience": A Brief History. J Theory Soc Behav. 2004, 34 (3): 265–290. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8308.2004.00248.x.
Bowler, Peter J. Evolution: The History of an Idea 3rd. University of California Press. 2003: 128. ISBN 0-520-23693-9.
Casti, John L. Paradigms lost : tackling the unanswered mysteries of modern science 1st. New York: Avon Books. 1990: 51–52. ISBN 0-380-71165-6.
Riffenburgh, R. H. Statistics in Medicine. Boston: Academic Press. 1999: 196. ISBN 0-12-588560-1.

archivefreedom.org

e.g. archivefreedom.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） which claims that "The list of suppressed scientists even includes Nobel Laureates!"

arxiv.org

C.J. Efthimiou, R. Llewellyn. Is Pseudoscience the Solution to Science Literacy?. 2006. arXiv:physics/0608061  |class=被忽略 (帮助).

books.google.com

Andrews & Henry 1796，第87頁. Andrews, James Pettit; Henry, Robert. History of Great Britain, from the death of Henry VIII to the accession of James VI of Scotland to the Crown of England II. London: T. Cadell and W. Davies. 1796: 87 [2010-10-11].
e.g. Gauch, Hugh G., Jr.（2003）, Scientific Method in Practice （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01708-4, 435 pages, 3–5 ff
Gauch, H.G. Scientific Method in Practice. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 88 [2014-01-05]. ISBN 9780521017084. LCCN 2002022271. （原始内容存档于2016-05-15）. A particularly radical reinterpretation of science comes from Paul Feyerabend, "the worst enemy of science"... Like Lakatos, Feyerabend was also a student under Popper. In an interview with Feyerabend in Science, [he says] "Equal weight... should be given to competing avenues of knowledge such as astrology, acupunture, and witchcraft..."
Paul Montgomery Churchland, Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind（1999）MIT Press. p.90 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Most terms in theoretical physics, for example, do not enjoy at least some distinct connections with observables, but not of the simple sort that would permit operational definitions in terms of these observables. [..] If a restriction in favor of operational definitions were to be followed, therefore, most of theoretical physics would have to be dismissed as meaningless pseudoscience!"
Laudan, Larry. The Demise of the Demarcation Problem. Cohen, R.S.; Laudan, L. (编). Physics, Philosophy and Psychoanalysis: Essays in Honor of Adolf Grünbaum. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 76. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. 1983: 111–127. ISBN 90-277-1533-5. 外部链接存在于|chapter= (帮助)

bris.ac.uk

eis.bris.ac.uk

Bird, Alexander. The Historical Turn in the Philosophy of Science. Psillos, Stathis; Curd, Martin (编). Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (PDF). Abingdon: Routledge. 2008: 9, 14 (pdf) [2014-01-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-01）.

calacademy.org

" AMERICAN ADULTS FLUNK BASIC SCIENCE. [August 28, 2013]. A new national survey commissioned by the California Academy of Sciences and conducted by Harris Interactive® reveals that the U.S. public is unable to pass even a basic scientific literacy test. ^{[永久失效連結]}

doi.org

Hurd PD. Scientific literacy: New minds for a changing world. Science Education. June 1998, 82 (3): 407–416. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199806)82:3<407::AID-SCE6>3.0.CO;2-G.
Still, A; Dryden, W. The Social Psychology of "Pseudoscience": A Brief History. J Theory Soc Behav. 2004, 34 (3): 265–290. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8308.2004.00248.x.
Devilly, GJ. Power therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2005, 39 (6): 437–445. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01601.x.
Matute H, Yarritu I, Vadillo MA. Illusions of causality at the heart of pseudoscience. Br J Psychol. 2011, 102 (3): 392–405. PMID 21751996. doi:10.1348/000712610X532210.
Lindeman M. Motivation, Cognition and Pseudoscience. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. December 1998, 39 (4): 257–65. PMID 9883101. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00085.
Newbold D, Roberts J. An analysis of the demarcation problem in science and its application to therapeutic touch theory. Int J Nurs Pract. 2007, 13 (6): 324–30. PMID 18021160. doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00646.x.
Makgoba MW. Politics, the media and science in HIV/AIDS: the peril of pseudoscience. Vaccine (journal). May 2002, 20 (15): 1899–904. PMID 11983241. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00063-4.

foxnews.com

FOX News. Poll: More Believe In God Than Heaven. Fox News Channel. June 18, 2004 [Apr 26, 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-05）.

google.com.hk

books.google.com.hk

Marsha Hanen , Margaret Osler. Science, Pseudo-science, and Society. : ix [2017-02-14]. ISBN 978-0889201002. （原始内容存档于2020-11-27）.

harrisinteractive.com

Humphrey Taylor. The Religious and Other Beliefs of Americans 2003. [2007-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2007-01-11）.
Taylor, Humphrey. Harris Poll: The Religious and Other Beliefs of Americans 2003. February 26, 2003 [Apr 26, 2009]. （原始内容存档于2007-01-11）.

jstor.org

Paul R. Thagard "Why Astrology is a Pseudoscience （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）" in PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, Vol. 1978, Volume One: Contributed Papers (1978), pp. 223–234, The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Philosophy of Science Association 223 ff.

lander.edu

philosophy.lander.edu

Devilly (2005) op cit. e.g. Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic Argumentum Ad Hominem （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

lhup.edu

Donald E. Simanek, What is science? What is pseudoscience? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

lib.ru

militera.lib.ru

Кисунько Григорий Васильевич. Кисунько Григорий Васильевич Секретная зона:. Исповедь генерального конструктора. militera.lib.ru. [2024-10-25].

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Gauch, H.G. Scientific Method in Practice. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 88 [2014-01-05]. ISBN 9780521017084. LCCN 2002022271. （原始内容存档于2016-05-15）. A particularly radical reinterpretation of science comes from Paul Feyerabend, "the worst enemy of science"... Like Lakatos, Feyerabend was also a student under Popper. In an interview with Feyerabend in Science, [he says] "Equal weight... should be given to competing avenues of knowledge such as astrology, acupunture, and witchcraft..."

marxists.org

Feyerabend, P.（1975）Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge ISBN 978-0-86091-646-8 Table of contents and final chapter （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

msn.com

encarta.msn.com

Astrology. Encarta. Microsoft. 2008 [2007-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-01）. Scientists have long rejected the principles of astrology, but millions of people continue to believe in or practice it.

msu.edu

msutoday.msu.edu

MSU prof: Lack of science knowledge hurting democratic process. [August 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-11）. In a survey released earlier this year, Miller and colleagues found that about 28 percent of American adults qualified as scientifically literate, which is an increase of about 10 percent from the late 1980s and early 1990s.

ncse.com

National Center for Science Education （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Retrieved on 21-05-2010.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gitanjali, B. Peer review -- process, perspectives and the path ahead (PDF). Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2001, 47 (3): 210–4 [2014-01-07]. PMID 11832629. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2004-07-17）. ; Lilienfeld (2004) op cit For an opposing perspective, e.g. Chapter 5 of Suppression Stories by Brian Martin（Wollongong: Fund for Intellectual Dissent, 1997）, pp. 69-83. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Matute H, Yarritu I, Vadillo MA. Illusions of causality at the heart of pseudoscience. Br J Psychol. 2011, 102 (3): 392–405. PMID 21751996. doi:10.1348/000712610X532210.
Lindeman M. Motivation, Cognition and Pseudoscience. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. December 1998, 39 (4): 257–65. PMID 9883101. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00085.
Newbold D, Roberts J. An analysis of the demarcation problem in science and its application to therapeutic touch theory. Int J Nurs Pract. 2007, 13 (6): 324–30. PMID 18021160. doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00646.x.
Makgoba MW. Politics, the media and science in HIV/AIDS: the peril of pseudoscience. Vaccine (journal). May 2002, 20 (15): 1899–904. PMID 11983241. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00063-4.

nsf.gov

Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding. National Science Foundation. [2007-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-30）.
National Science Board. Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding. Science and Engineering Indicators 2006. National Science Foundation. Belief in Pseudoscience (see Footnote 29). 2006 [3 March 2010]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-30）.
National Science Board. 2006. Science and Engineering Indicators 2006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Two volumes. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation（volume 1, NSB-06-01; NSB 06-01A）
National Science Board. Science and Engineering Indicators 2006 (PDF) 2: A7–14. [2009-05-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-05-12）.
Public Knowledge About S&T. [August 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-18）. Surveys conducted in the United States and Europe reveal that many citizens do not have a firm grasp of basic scientific facts and concepts, nor do they have an understanding of the scientific process. In addition, belief in pseudoscience (an indicator of scientific illiteracy) seems to be widespread among Americans and Europeans.

oed.com

pseudoscience. 牛津英語詞典 (第三版). 牛津大學出版社. 2005-09 （英语）.

popularscience.co.uk

George Pendle, Popular Science Feature - When Science Fiction is Science Fact （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

royalsoc.ac.uk

Royal Society statement on evolution, creationism and intelligent design （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

sciencenews.org

Science literacy: U.S. college courses really count. [August 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-25）.

seesharppress.com

Bufe, Chaz. Astrology: Fraud or Superstition. See Sharp Press. [2014-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-14）.

senseaboutscience.org.uk

Gitanjali, B. Peer review -- process, perspectives and the path ahead (PDF). Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2001, 47 (3): 210–4 [2014-01-07]. PMID 11832629. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2004-07-17）. ; Lilienfeld (2004) op cit For an opposing perspective, e.g. Chapter 5 of Suppression Stories by Brian Martin（Wollongong: Fund for Intellectual Dissent, 1997）, pp. 69-83. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

skepdic.com

Pseudoscience. The Skeptic's Dictionary. [2014-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-01）.
Robert T. Carroll. pseudoscience. From Abracadabra to Zombies. Robert T. Carroll. 2011 [2014-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-09）.

srmhp.org

McNally RJ (2003) Is the pseudoscience concept useful for clinical psychology? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, vol. 2, no. 2（Fall/Winter 2003）

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

Hansson, Sven Ove. Science and Pseudo-Science. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. September 3, 2008 [April 16, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）. From a practical point of view, the distinction is important for decision guidance in both private and public life. Since science is our most reliable source of knowledge in a wide variety of areas, we need to distinguish scientific knowledge from its look-alikes. Due to the high status of science in present-day society, attempts to exaggerate the scientific status of various claims, teachings, and products are common enough to make the demarcation issue pressing in many areas.

stephenjaygould.org

Stephen Jay Gould, "Nonoverlapping magisteria" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Natural History, March, 1997.

telegraph.co.uk

Gray, Louise. The Prince of Wales accuses sceptics of peddling 'pseudo science'. The Daily Telegraph (London: TMG). 15 July 2010 [March 13, 2011]. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. （原始内容存档于2014-08-15）.

theness.com

No Love for Anecdotal Evidence. NeuroLogica Blog. 2007-03-08 [2020-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）.

tianya.cn

www12.tianya.cn

范岱年：唯科学主义在中国——历史的回顾与批判，北京大学科学传播中心（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

uark.edu

physics.uark.edu

Art Hobson. Teaching Relevant Science for Scientific Literacy (PDF). Journal of College Science Teaching. 2011 [2014-01-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-24）.
Art Hobson. Teaching Relevant Science for Scientific Literacy (PDF). Journal of College Science Teaching. 2011 [2014-01-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-24）.

ucsd.edu

philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu

Karl R. Popper: Science: Conjectures and Refutations. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Conjectures and Refutations（1963）, p. 43–86;

uow.edu.au

Gitanjali, B. Peer review -- process, perspectives and the path ahead (PDF). Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2001, 47 (3): 210–4 [2014-01-07]. PMID 11832629. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2004-07-17）. ; Lilienfeld (2004) op cit For an opposing perspective, e.g. Chapter 5 of Suppression Stories by Brian Martin（Wollongong: Fund for Intellectual Dissent, 1997）, pp. 69-83. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

web.archive.org

Stephen Jay Gould, "Nonoverlapping magisteria" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Natural History, March, 1997.
George Pendle, Popular Science Feature - When Science Fiction is Science Fact （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Art Hobson. Teaching Relevant Science for Scientific Literacy (PDF). Journal of College Science Teaching. 2011 [2014-01-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-24）.
Art Hobson. Teaching Relevant Science for Scientific Literacy (PDF). Journal of College Science Teaching. 2011 [2014-01-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-24）.
Hansson, Sven Ove. Science and Pseudo-Science. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. September 3, 2008 [April 16, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）. From a practical point of view, the distinction is important for decision guidance in both private and public life. Since science is our most reliable source of knowledge in a wide variety of areas, we need to distinguish scientific knowledge from its look-alikes. Due to the high status of science in present-day society, attempts to exaggerate the scientific status of various claims, teachings, and products are common enough to make the demarcation issue pressing in many areas.
e.g. Gauch, Hugh G., Jr.（2003）, Scientific Method in Practice （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-01708-4, 435 pages, 3–5 ff
Karl R. Popper: Science: Conjectures and Refutations. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Conjectures and Refutations（1963）, p. 43–86;
Paul R. Thagard "Why Astrology is a Pseudoscience （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）" in PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, Vol. 1978, Volume One: Contributed Papers (1978), pp. 223–234, The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Philosophy of Science Association 223 ff.
Feyerabend, P.（1975）Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge ISBN 978-0-86091-646-8 Table of contents and final chapter （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Gauch, H.G. Scientific Method in Practice. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 88 [2014-01-05]. ISBN 9780521017084. LCCN 2002022271. （原始内容存档于2016-05-15）. A particularly radical reinterpretation of science comes from Paul Feyerabend, "the worst enemy of science"... Like Lakatos, Feyerabend was also a student under Popper. In an interview with Feyerabend in Science, [he says] "Equal weight... should be given to competing avenues of knowledge such as astrology, acupunture, and witchcraft..."
McNally RJ (2003) Is the pseudoscience concept useful for clinical psychology? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, vol. 2, no. 2（Fall/Winter 2003）
Pseudoscience. The Skeptic's Dictionary. [2014-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-01）.
Marsha Hanen , Margaret Osler. Science, Pseudo-science, and Society. : ix [2017-02-14]. ISBN 978-0889201002. （原始内容存档于2020-11-27）.
Humphrey Taylor. The Religious and Other Beliefs of Americans 2003. [2007-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2007-01-11）.
Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding. National Science Foundation. [2007-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-30）.
Bufe, Chaz. Astrology: Fraud or Superstition. See Sharp Press. [2014-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-14）.
Robert T. Carroll. pseudoscience. From Abracadabra to Zombies. Robert T. Carroll. 2011 [2014-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-09）.
National Science Board. Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding. Science and Engineering Indicators 2006. National Science Foundation. Belief in Pseudoscience (see Footnote 29). 2006 [3 March 2010]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-30）.
Paul Montgomery Churchland, Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind（1999）MIT Press. p.90 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Most terms in theoretical physics, for example, do not enjoy at least some distinct connections with observables, but not of the simple sort that would permit operational definitions in terms of these observables. [..] If a restriction in favor of operational definitions were to be followed, therefore, most of theoretical physics would have to be dismissed as meaningless pseudoscience!"
Donald E. Simanek, What is science? What is pseudoscience? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Gitanjali, B. Peer review -- process, perspectives and the path ahead (PDF). Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2001, 47 (3): 210–4 [2014-01-07]. PMID 11832629. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2004-07-17）. ; Lilienfeld (2004) op cit For an opposing perspective, e.g. Chapter 5 of Suppression Stories by Brian Martin（Wollongong: Fund for Intellectual Dissent, 1997）, pp. 69-83. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
National Center for Science Education （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Retrieved on 21-05-2010.
Royal Society statement on evolution, creationism and intelligent design （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
e.g. archivefreedom.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） which claims that "The list of suppressed scientists even includes Nobel Laureates!"
Devilly (2005) op cit. e.g. Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic Argumentum Ad Hominem （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
anecdotal. YourDictionary.com. [17 June 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）.
No Love for Anecdotal Evidence. NeuroLogica Blog. 2007-03-08 [2020-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）.
National Science Board. 2006. Science and Engineering Indicators 2006 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Two volumes. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation（volume 1, NSB-06-01; NSB 06-01A）
National Science Board. Science and Engineering Indicators 2006 (PDF) 2: A7–14. [2009-05-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-05-12）.
FOX News. Poll: More Believe In God Than Heaven. Fox News Channel. June 18, 2004 [Apr 26, 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-05）.
Taylor, Humphrey. Harris Poll: The Religious and Other Beliefs of Americans 2003. February 26, 2003 [Apr 26, 2009]. （原始内容存档于2007-01-11）.
Bird, Alexander. The Historical Turn in the Philosophy of Science. Psillos, Stathis; Curd, Martin (编). Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Science (PDF). Abingdon: Routledge. 2008: 9, 14 (pdf) [2014-01-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-01）.
[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）[2]
[3]
Gray, Louise. The Prince of Wales accuses sceptics of peddling 'pseudo science'. The Daily Telegraph (London: TMG). 15 July 2010 [March 13, 2011]. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. （原始内容存档于2014-08-15）.
Science literacy: U.S. college courses really count. [August 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-25）.
MSU prof: Lack of science knowledge hurting democratic process. [August 28, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-11）. In a survey released earlier this year, Miller and colleagues found that about 28 percent of American adults qualified as scientifically literate, which is an increase of about 10 percent from the late 1980s and early 1990s.
范岱年：唯科学主义在中国——历史的回顾与批判，北京大学科学传播中心（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

webcitation.org

Astrology. Encarta. Microsoft. 2008 [2007-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-01）. Scientists have long rejected the principles of astrology, but millions of people continue to believe in or practice it.

worldcat.org

Gray, Louise. The Prince of Wales accuses sceptics of peddling 'pseudo science'. The Daily Telegraph (London: TMG). 15 July 2010 [March 13, 2011]. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. （原始内容存档于2014-08-15）.

xys.org

[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）[2]

yourdictionary.com

anecdotal. YourDictionary.com. [17 June 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）.