Stefanelli T, Malesci A, Repici A, Vetrano S, Danese S. New Insights into Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathophysiology: Paving the Way for Novel Therapeutic Targets. Current Drug Targets. 2008, 9 (5): 413–8. PMID 18473770. doi:10.2174/138945008784221170.
Marks DJ, Rahman FZ, Sewell GW, Segal AW. Crohn's disease: An immune deficiency state. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology. 2010, 38 (1): 20–31. PMID 19437144. doi:10.1007/s12016-009-8133-2.
Lalande JD, Behr MA. Mycobacteria in Crohn's disease: How innate immune deficiency may result in chronic inflammation. Expert review of clinical immunology. 2010, 6 (4): 633–41. PMID 20594136. doi:10.1586/eci.10.29.
Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Rioux JD, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Barmada MM, Bitton A, Dassopoulos T, Datta LW, Green T, Griffiths AM, Kistner EO, Murtha MT, Regueiro MD, Rotter JI, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, Xavier RJ, Libioulle C, Sandor C, Lathrop M, Belaiche J, Dewit O, Gut I, Heath S, Laukens D, Mni M, Rutgeerts P, Van Gossum A, Zelenika D, Franchimont D, Hugot JP, de Vos M, Vermeire S, Louis E, Cardon LR, Anderson CA, Drummond H, Nimmo E, Ahmad T, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Marchini J, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Gwilliam R, Tremelling M, Deloukas P, Mansfield J, Jewell D, Satsangi J, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Georges M, Daly MJ. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease. Nature Genetics. 2008, 40 (8): 955–62. PMC 2574810. PMID 18587394. doi:10.1038/ng.175.
Cosnes J. Tobacco and IBD: Relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practice. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2004, 18 (3): 481–96. PMID 15157822. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2003.12.003.
Lozano, R; Naghavi, M. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.. Lancet. Dec 15, 2012, 380 (9859): 2095–128. PMID 23245604. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
Stefanelli T, Malesci A, Repici A, Vetrano S, Danese S. New Insights into Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathophysiology: Paving the Way for Novel Therapeutic Targets. Current Drug Targets. 2008, 9 (5): 413–8. PMID 18473770. doi:10.2174/138945008784221170.
Marks DJ, Rahman FZ, Sewell GW, Segal AW. Crohn's disease: An immune deficiency state. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology. 2010, 38 (1): 20–31. PMID 19437144. doi:10.1007/s12016-009-8133-2.
Lalande JD, Behr MA. Mycobacteria in Crohn's disease: How innate immune deficiency may result in chronic inflammation. Expert review of clinical immunology. 2010, 6 (4): 633–41. PMID 20594136. doi:10.1586/eci.10.29.
Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Rioux JD, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Barmada MM, Bitton A, Dassopoulos T, Datta LW, Green T, Griffiths AM, Kistner EO, Murtha MT, Regueiro MD, Rotter JI, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, Xavier RJ, Libioulle C, Sandor C, Lathrop M, Belaiche J, Dewit O, Gut I, Heath S, Laukens D, Mni M, Rutgeerts P, Van Gossum A, Zelenika D, Franchimont D, Hugot JP, de Vos M, Vermeire S, Louis E, Cardon LR, Anderson CA, Drummond H, Nimmo E, Ahmad T, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Marchini J, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Gwilliam R, Tremelling M, Deloukas P, Mansfield J, Jewell D, Satsangi J, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Georges M, Daly MJ. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease. Nature Genetics. 2008, 40 (8): 955–62. PMC 2574810. PMID 18587394. doi:10.1038/ng.175.
Cosnes J. Tobacco and IBD: Relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practice. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2004, 18 (3): 481–96. PMID 15157822. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2003.12.003.
Lozano, R; Naghavi, M. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.. Lancet. Dec 15, 2012, 380 (9859): 2095–128. PMID 23245604. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
Crohn BB, Ginzburg L, Oppenheimer GD. Regional ileitis: A pathologic and clinical entity. 1932. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York. 2000, 67 (3): 263–8. PMID 10828911.
digestive.niddk.nih.gov
Crohn's Disease. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). July 10, 2013 [12 June 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-09).