Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Common Turkic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
turkiclanguages.com
Lars Johanson (1998) The History of Turkic. In Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds) The Turkic Languages. London, New York: Routledge, 81–125. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
web.archive.org
Lars Johanson (1998) The History of Turkic. In Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds) The Turkic Languages. London, New York: Routledge, 81–125. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
