协变与逆变 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "协变与逆变" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

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17web.archive.org

1^st place

2ethz.ch

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2msdn.com

3,029^th place

2,082^nd place

2cornell.edu

332^nd place

526^th place

1lucacardelli.name

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1doi.org

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1drdobbs.com

7,788^th place

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1psu.edu

207^th place

628^th place

1acm.org

1,185^th place

809^th place

1ecma-international.org

6,722^nd place

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1archive-it.org

910^th place

767^th place

1umass.edu

3,341^st place

4,210^th place

1scala-lang.org

low place

1parleys.com

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1lampepfl.ch

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1artima.com

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1kyoto-u.ac.jp

2,913^th place

1,859^th place

1au.dk

8,222^nd place

low place

1dartlang.org

low place

acm.org

portal.acm.org

Giuseppe Castagna, Covariance and contravariance: conflict without a cause, ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), Volume 17, Issue 3, May 1995, pages 431-447.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

John Altidor; Huang Shan Shan; Yannis Smaragdakis. Taming the wildcards: combining definition- and use-site variance (PDF). Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation (PLDI'11). 2011 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-01-06）.

artima.com

Bill Venners and Frank Sommers. The Purpose of Scala's Type System: A Conversation with Martin Odersky, Part III. 2009-05-18 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-01）.

au.dk

daimi.au.dk

Kresten Krab Thorup; Mads Torgersen. Unifying Genericity: Combining the Benefits of Virtual Types and Parameterized Classes (PDF). Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP '99). 1999 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23）.

cornell.edu

cs.cornell.edu

Ross Tate. Mixed-Site Variance. FOOL '13: Informal Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages. 2013 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-01）.
Tate, Ross; Leung, Alan; Lerner, Sorin. Taming wildcards in Java's type system. Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation (PLDI '11). 2011 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-09）.

dartlang.org

The Dart Programming Language Specification. 2013-05-06 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-02）.

doi.org

Luca Cardelli. A semantics of multiple inheritance (PDF). Semantics of Data Types (International Symposium Sophia-Antipolis, France, June 27 – 29, 1984). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 173. Springer. 1984 [2014-01-24]. doi:10.1007/3-540-13346-1_2. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-01）. (Longer version in Information and Computation, 76(2/3): 138-164, February 1988.)

drdobbs.com

Allison, Chuck. What's New in Standard C++?. [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-27）.

ecma-international.org

Section II.9.7 in ECMA International Standard ECMA-335 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) 6th edition (June 2012); available online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

ethz.ch

se.ethz.ch

Bertrand Meyer. Static Typing (PDF). OOPSLA 95 (Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications), Atlanta, 1995.. October 1995 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-11-14）.
Howard, Mark; Bezault, Eric; Meyer, Bertrand; Colnet, Dominique; Stapf, Emmanuel; Arnout, Karine; Keller, Markus. Type-safe covariance: Competent compilers can catch all catcalls (PDF). April 2003 [2013-05-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-10-05）.

kyoto-u.ac.jp

sato.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Atsushi Igarashi; Mirko Viroli. On Variance-Based Subtyping for Parametric Types (PDF). Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP '02). 2002 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-06-22）.

lampepfl.ch

Martin Odersky; Matthias Zenger. Scalable component abstractions (PDF). Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (OOPSLA '05). 2005 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-01-24）.

lucacardelli.name

Luca Cardelli. A semantics of multiple inheritance (PDF). Semantics of Data Types (International Symposium Sophia-Antipolis, France, June 27 – 29, 1984). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 173. Springer. 1984 [2014-01-24]. doi:10.1007/3-540-13346-1_2. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-01）. (Longer version in Information and Computation, 76(2/3): 138-164, February 1988.)

msdn.com

blogs.msdn.com

Eric Lippert. Exact rules for variance validity. 2009-12-03 [July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-28）.
Eric Lippert. Covariance and Contravariance in C# Part Seven: Why Do We Need A Syntax At All?. 2007-10-29 [October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-23）.

parleys.com

Joshua Bloch. The Closures Controversy [video]. Presentation at Javapolis'07. November 2007 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-02）.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Franz Weber. Getting Class Correctness and System Correctness Equivalent - How to Get Covariance Right. TOOLS 8 (8th conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems), Dortmund, 1992. 1992 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-08）.

scala-lang.org

Marin Odersky; Lex Spoon. The Scala 2.8 Collections API. 2010-09-07 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-30）.

umass.edu

cs.umass.edu

John Altidor; Huang Shan Shan; Yannis Smaragdakis. Taming the wildcards: combining definition- and use-site variance (PDF). Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation (PLDI'11). 2011 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-01-06）.

web.archive.org

Luca Cardelli. A semantics of multiple inheritance (PDF). Semantics of Data Types (International Symposium Sophia-Antipolis, France, June 27 – 29, 1984). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 173. Springer. 1984 [2014-01-24]. doi:10.1007/3-540-13346-1_2. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-02-01）. (Longer version in Information and Computation, 76(2/3): 138-164, February 1988.)
Allison, Chuck. What's New in Standard C++?. [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-27）.
Bertrand Meyer. Static Typing (PDF). OOPSLA 95 (Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications), Atlanta, 1995.. October 1995 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-11-14）.
Howard, Mark; Bezault, Eric; Meyer, Bertrand; Colnet, Dominique; Stapf, Emmanuel; Arnout, Karine; Keller, Markus. Type-safe covariance: Competent compilers can catch all catcalls (PDF). April 2003 [2013-05-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-10-05）.
Franz Weber. Getting Class Correctness and System Correctness Equivalent - How to Get Covariance Right. TOOLS 8 (8th conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems), Dortmund, 1992. 1992 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-08）.
Eric Lippert. Exact rules for variance validity. 2009-12-03 [July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-28）.
Section II.9.7 in ECMA International Standard ECMA-335 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) 6th edition (June 2012); available online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Eric Lippert. Covariance and Contravariance in C# Part Seven: Why Do We Need A Syntax At All?. 2007-10-29 [October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-23）.
Marin Odersky; Lex Spoon. The Scala 2.8 Collections API. 2010-09-07 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-30）.
Joshua Bloch. The Closures Controversy [video]. Presentation at Javapolis'07. November 2007 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-02）.
Martin Odersky; Matthias Zenger. Scalable component abstractions (PDF). Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (OOPSLA '05). 2005 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-01-24）.
Bill Venners and Frank Sommers. The Purpose of Scala's Type System: A Conversation with Martin Odersky, Part III. 2009-05-18 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-01）.
Ross Tate. Mixed-Site Variance. FOOL '13: Informal Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented Languages. 2013 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-01）.
Atsushi Igarashi; Mirko Viroli. On Variance-Based Subtyping for Parametric Types (PDF). Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP '02). 2002 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-06-22）.
Kresten Krab Thorup; Mads Torgersen. Unifying Genericity: Combining the Benefits of Virtual Types and Parameterized Classes (PDF). Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP '99). 1999 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-23）.
Tate, Ross; Leung, Alan; Lerner, Sorin. Taming wildcards in Java's type system. Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation (PLDI '11). 2011 [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-09）.
The Dart Programming Language Specification. 2013-05-06 [May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-02）.