单倍群Q-M242 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "单倍群Q-M242" in Chinese language version.

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anthrogenica.com

YFull - Experimental Y Tree （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Y-SNP calls for Afontova Gora 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Afantova had haplogroup Q1a1 and some type of R derived mtdna. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

archive.org

Ghiani, ME; Moral, P; Mitchell, RJ; Hernández, M; García-Moro, C; Vona, G. Y-chromosome-Specific STR haplotype data on the Rapanui population (Easter Island). Hum Biol. 2006, 78 (5): 565–78. PMID 17506287. doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0005.
Gayden, Tenzin; et al. The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow. Am J Hum Genet. May 2007, 80 (5): 884–894. PMC 1852741 . PMID 17436243. doi:10.1086/516757.
Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Cheryl-, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Chow, Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; et al. Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2006, 78 (2): 202–221. PMC 1380230 . PMID 16400607. doi:10.1086/499411.
Karafet, Tatiana M.; Hallmark, Brian; Cox, Murray P.; et al. Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2010, 27 (8): 1833–1844. PMID 20207712. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq063.
Malhi, RS; Gonzalez-Oliver, A; Schroeder, KB; Kemp, BM; Greenberg, JA; Dobrowski, SZ; Smith, DG; Resendez, A; Karafet, T. Distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans: a study of Athapaskan population history. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2008, 137 (4): 412–24. PMC 2584155 . PMID 18618732. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20883.
Bortolini, M; Salzano, F; Thomas, M; Stuart, S; Nasanen, S; Bau, C; Hutz, M; Layrisse, Z; et al. Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003, 73 (3): 524–39. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588.
Rojas, Win; et al. Genetic Make Up and Structure of Colombian Populations by Means of Uniparental and Biparental DNA Markers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2010, 143 (1): 13–20. PMID 20734436. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21270. => (DANE, 2006) 86% of the whole Colombian population self-reported as of Mixed Ancestary, 3.4% as Native American, 10.5% as African-Columbian. In this paper, 12% (114/954) of MA, 95.7% (135/141) of NA, and 23.8% (5/21) of AC are turned out to be Y-DNA Q. Thus, 86*0.12+3.4*0.957+10.5*0.238=16.1%
Jeffrey, T.; et al. The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet. 2002-01, 70 (1): 192–206. PMC 384887 . PMID 11731934. doi:10.1086/338457. The SNPs used in the paper are P-M45, R1a1-M17, Q1a2-M3, and other xP-M45 SNPs. And the author mentions that, among ethnic groups in the paper, R1-M173 is harbored only in some eastern Siberian Udegeys and Koryaks and Native Americans. Also, R2 (distributed in India and its neighbours) cannot be found in far east Siberia. Thus, P-M45 except some samples mentioned above virtually means Q-M242 (xM3). In the paper, 35.3% of Nivkhs and 20.8% of Chukchi people and 18.2% of Siberian Eskimos are shown in P-M45, and 12.5% of Chukchis and 21.2% of Siberian Eskimos are in Q-M3. All of them can be estimated to be in haplogroup Q.
Zhong, Hua; Shi, Hong; Qi, Xue-Bin; Duan, Zi-Yuan; Tan, Ping-Ping; Jin, Li; Su, Bing; Ma, Runlin Z. Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2011, 28 (1): 717–727. PMID 20837606. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247.
Qi, Xuebin; Cui, Chaoying; Peng, Yi; et al. Genetic Evidence of Paleolithic Colonization and Neolithic Expansion of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2013, 30 (8): 1761–1778. PMID 23682168. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst093.
Karafet, TM; et al. Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders. Hum. Biol. 2005-02, 77 (1): 93–114. PMID 16114819. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0030.
Seielstad, Mark; et al. A Novel Y-Chromosome Variant Puts an Upper Limit on the Timing of First Entry into the Americas. Am J Hum Genet. 2003-09, 73 (3): 700–705. PMC 1180698 . PMID 12929085. doi:10.1086/377589.
Karafet; et al. Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes. Am J Hum Genet. 2001-09, 69 (3): 615–628. PMC 1235490 . PMID 11481588. doi:10.1086/323299.
Kristiina, Tambets. The Western; Eastern; et al. Outliers" Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet. 2004-04, 74 (4): 661–682. PMC 1181943 . PMID 15024688. doi:10.1086/383203.

archive.today

The Y Chromosome Consortium 2008. [2010-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-22）.

arizona.edu

ycc.biosci.arizona.edu

The Y Chromosome Consortium 2008. [2010-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-22）.

books.google.com

Gokcumen, Omer. Ethnohistorical and Genetic Survey of Four Central Anatolian Settlements. University of Pennsylvania. 2008 [May 13, 2014]. ISBN 978-0-549-80966-1. ^{[失效連結]}

census.gov

Population Estimates. [2020-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-18）.

davidkfaux.org

David K. Faux, 2007, The Genetic Link of the Viking – Era Norse to Central Asia: An Assessment of the Y Chromosome DNA, Archaeological, Historical and Linguistic Evidence, http://www.davidkfaux.org/CentralAsiaRootsofScandinavia-Y-DNAEvidence.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Shetland Islands Haplogroups R1a & Q. [2020-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-25）.

doi.org

Fagundes, Nelson J. R.; Kanitz, Ricardo; Eckert, Roberta; Valls, Ana C. S.; Bogo, Mauricio R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Smith, David Glenn; Silva, Wilson A.; Zago, Marco A.; Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, Andrea K.; Santos, Sidney E. B.; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza; Bonatto, Sandro L. Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics. 2008, 82 (3): 583–592 [2009-11-19]. PMC 2427228 . PMID 18313026. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-25）. Since the first studies, it has been found that extant Native American populations exhibit almost exclusively five "mtDNA haplogroups" (A–D and X)6 classified in the autochthonous haplogroups A2, B2, C1, D1, and X2a.7 Haplogroups A–D are found all over the New World and are frequent in Asia, supporting a northeastern Asian origin of these lineages
Zegura, S. L.; Karafet, TM; Zhivotovsky, LA; Hammer, MF. High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas (PDF). Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2004, 21 (1): 164–75 [2020-02-16]. PMID 14595095. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-09-06）.
A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q-M242 in India. BMC Evol. Biol. 2007, 7 (1): 232. PMC 2258157 . PMID 18021436. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232.
ZHANG, Yong-Ke; CHEN, Zheng; FAN, An; ZHANG, Ya-Nan; WU, Yan-Ping; ZHAO, Qian-Jun; ZHOU, Can-Lin; MAO, Xin-Min; ZANG, Yu-Liang; Yerhaz, ZARHUMAR; Hasenbek, MALIK. Genetic relationships between Tuva population and the neighboring populations in the Altai Region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Hereditas (Beijing). 2009-12-01, 31 (8). ISSN 0253-9772. doi:10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00818. 引用错误：带有name属性“Zhang2009”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7 (3): e34288. PMC 3314501 . PMID 22470552. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288.
Ghiani, ME; Moral, P; Mitchell, RJ; Hernández, M; García-Moro, C; Vona, G. Y-chromosome-Specific STR haplotype data on the Rapanui population (Easter Island). Hum Biol. 2006, 78 (5): 565–78. PMID 17506287. doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0005.
Grugni, Viola; Battaglia, Vincenza; Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak; Parolo, Silvia; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Gandini, Francesca; Houshmand, Massoud. Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7 (7): e41252. PMC 3399854 . PMID 22815981. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252.
Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya. Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a. Journal of Human Genetics. 2011, 56 (8): 583–8. PMID 21677663. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64.
Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture. Nature. September 2004, 431 (7006): 302–5. PMID 15372031. doi:10.1038/nature02878. Supplementary Table 2: NRY haplogroup distribution in Han populations
Su, Bing; Xiao, Chunjie; Deka, Ranjan; Seielstad, Mark T.; Kangwanpong, Daoroong; Xiao, Junhua; Lu, Daru; Underhill, Peter; et al. Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas. Human Genetics. 2000, 107 (6): 582–90. PMID 11153912. doi:10.1007/s004390000406.
Poznik, G. David; Xue, Yali; Mendez, Fernando L.; et al. Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences. Nature Genetics. June 2016, 48 (6): 593–599. PMC 4884158 . PMID 27111036. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms (PDF). Annals of Human Genetics. 2007, 71 (4): 480–495 [2020-02-16]. PMID 17274803. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-09-30）.
The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. August 2001, 98 (18): 10244–9. PMC 56946 . PMID 11526236. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. Table 1: Y-chromosome haplotype frequencies in 49 Eurasian populations, listed according to geographic region
Di Cristofaro, J; Pennarun, E; Mazières, S; Myres, NM; Lin, AA; et al. Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8 (10): e76748. PMC 3799995 . PMID 24204668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748.
Gayden, Tenzin; et al. The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow. Am J Hum Genet. May 2007, 80 (5): 884–894. PMC 1852741 . PMID 17436243. doi:10.1086/516757.
Wang C-C, Wang L-X; Shrestha, R; Zhang, M; Huang, X-Y; et al. Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor. PLoS ONE. 2014, 9 (8): e103772. PMC 4121179 . PMID 25090432. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772.
Cai, X; Qin, Z; Wen, B; Xu, S; Wang, Y; Lu, Yan; Wei, Lanhai; Wang, Chuanchao; Li, Shilin. Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes. PLoS ONE. 2011, 6 (8): e24282. PMC 3164178 . PMID 21904623. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282.
Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Cheryl-, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Chow, Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; et al. Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2006, 78 (2): 202–221. PMC 1380230 . PMID 16400607. doi:10.1086/499411.
Grugni, Viola; et al. Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians. PLOS ONE. 2012, 7 (7): e41252. PMC 3399854 . PMID 22815981. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252.
Zalloua, Pierre A.; Xue, Y; Khalife, J; Makhoul, N; Debiane, L; Platt, DE; Royyuru, AK; Herrera, RJ; et al. Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2008, 82 (4): 873–882. PMC 2427286 . PMID 18374297. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020.
Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia. Hum. Genet. January 2004, 114 (2): 127–48. PMID 14586639. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4.
Abu-Amero, Khaled K.; Hellani, Ali; Gonzalez, Ana M.; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A. Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions. BMC Genetics. 2009, 10 (1): 59. PMC 2759955 . PMID 19772609. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59.
Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. March 2008, 16 (3): 374–86. PMID 17928816. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934.
Karafet, Tatiana M.; Hallmark, Brian; Cox, Murray P.; et al. Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2010, 27 (8): 1833–1844. PMID 20207712. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq063.
Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas (PDF). Am. J. Hum. Genet. September 2003, 73 (3): 524–39 [2006-12-20]. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-04-28）.
Shen, Peidong; Lavi, Tal; Kivisild, Toomas; Chou, Vivian; Sengun, Deniz; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Issac; Woolf, Eilon; et al. Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation. Human Mutation. 2004, 24 (3): 248–60. PMID 15300852. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. Q-M323 in 3/20=15% of a sample of Yemenite Jews.
Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2010, 28 (1): 717–27. PMID 20837606. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247.
Behar, DM; et al. Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations. Hum Genet. 2004-03, 114 (4): 354–65. PMID 14740294. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7.
Adams, S. M.; Bosch, E.; Balaresque, P. L.; Ballereau, S. J.; Lee, A. C.; Arroyo, E.; López-Parra, A. M.; Aler, M.; et al. The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. Am J Hum Genet. 2008, 83 (6): 725–736. PMC 2668061 . PMID 19061982. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007.
Malhi, RS; Gonzalez-Oliver, A; Schroeder, KB; Kemp, BM; Greenberg, JA; Dobrowski, SZ; Smith, DG; Resendez, A; Karafet, T. Distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans: a study of Athapaskan population history. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2008, 137 (4): 412–24. PMC 2584155 . PMID 18618732. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20883.
Rasmussen, M; Li, Y; Lindgreen, S; Pedersen, JS; Albrechtsen, A; Moltke, I; Metspalu, M; Metspalu, E; Kivisild, T. Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo. Nature. 2010, 463 (7282): 463, 757–762. PMC 3951495 . PMID 20148029. doi:10.1038/nature08835.
Katharina Olofsson, Jill; et al. Peopling of the North Circumpolar Region – Insights from Y Chromosome STR and SNP Typing of Greenlanders. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (1): e0116573. PMC 4312058 . PMID 25635810. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116573.
Hammer; et al. Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases. Forensic Sci. Int. 2006-12, 164 (1): 45–55. PMID 16337103. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.013.
Bortolini, M; Salzano, F; Thomas, M; Stuart, S; Nasanen, S; Bau, C; Hutz, M; Layrisse, Z; et al. Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003, 73 (3): 524–39. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588.
Vullo, Carlos; et al. Association between Y haplogroups and autosomal AIMs reveals intra-population substructure in Bolivian populations. Int J Legal Med. 2014, 129 (4): 673–680. PMID 24878616. doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1025-x.
Söchtig, Jens; et al. Genomic insights on the ethno-history of the Maya and the 'Ladinos' from Guatemala. BMC Genomics. 2015, 16: 131. PMC 4422311 . PMID 25887241. doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1339-1. => Guatemala population consists of about 40% Natives (Mayans)+60% Ladinos. According to this paper, 89% of Mayan and 25% of Ladinos belong to Y-DNA Q. Thus, 40*0.89+60*0.25=50.6%
Gaviria, A.; et al. Characterization and Haplotype analysis of 11 Y-STR loci in Ecuadorian population. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. 2013, 4 (1): e310–e311. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2013.10.158.
Battaglia; et al. The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (8): e71390. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...871390B. PMC 3749222 . PMID 23990949. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390.
Martínez-Cortés, G; et al. Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages. J. Hum. Genet. 2012, 57 (9): 568–74. PMID 22832385. doi:10.1038/jhg.2012.67.
Lovo-Gómez, J; et al. The genetic male legacy from El Salvador. Forensic Sci. Int. 2007-09, 171 (2–3): 198–203. PMID 16916590. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.07.005.
Grugni. Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (12): e0144223. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044223G. PMC 4670172 . PMID 26636572. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144223.
Rojas, Win; et al. Genetic Make Up and Structure of Colombian Populations by Means of Uniparental and Biparental DNA Markers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2010, 143 (1): 13–20. PMID 20734436. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21270. => (DANE, 2006) 86% of the whole Colombian population self-reported as of Mixed Ancestary, 3.4% as Native American, 10.5% as African-Columbian. In this paper, 12% (114/954) of MA, 95.7% (135/141) of NA, and 23.8% (5/21) of AC are turned out to be Y-DNA Q. Thus, 86*0.12+3.4*0.957+10.5*0.238=16.1%
Núñez, Carolina; et al. Y chromosome haplogroup diversity in a Mestizo population of Nicaragua. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2012, 6 (6): e192–e195. PMID 22770600. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.011. The author revised his previous paper, genotyping 2 more samples as haplogroup Q by Y-SNP test.
Corach, Daniel; et al. Inferring Continental Ancestry of Argentineans from Autosomal, Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial DNA. Annals of Human Genetics. 2010, 74 (1): 65–76. PMID 20059473. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00556.x.
Ramallo; et al. Comparison of Y-chromosome haplogroup frequencies in eight Provinces of Argentina. Forensic Science International Genetics Supplement Series. 2009-12, 2 (1): 431–432. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.047.
Palha, T.; et al. Disclosing the Genetic Structure of Brazil through Analysis of Male Lineages with Highly Discriminating Haplotypes. PLOS ONE. 2012, 7 (7): e40007. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...740007P. PMC 3393733 . PMID 22808085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040007. => about 80 out of 2,024 (3.95%) samples in the paper collected from all the regions of Brazil can be classified as Y-DNA Q.
Jeffrey, T.; et al. The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet. 2002-01, 70 (1): 192–206. PMC 384887 . PMID 11731934. doi:10.1086/338457. The SNPs used in the paper are P-M45, R1a1-M17, Q1a2-M3, and other xP-M45 SNPs. And the author mentions that, among ethnic groups in the paper, R1-M173 is harbored only in some eastern Siberian Udegeys and Koryaks and Native Americans. Also, R2 (distributed in India and its neighbours) cannot be found in far east Siberia. Thus, P-M45 except some samples mentioned above virtually means Q-M242 (xM3). In the paper, 35.3% of Nivkhs and 20.8% of Chukchi people and 18.2% of Siberian Eskimos are shown in P-M45, and 12.5% of Chukchis and 21.2% of Siberian Eskimos are in Q-M3. All of them can be estimated to be in haplogroup Q.
Pakendorf, Brigitte; Novgorodov, Innokentij N.; Osakovskij, Vladimir L.; Danilova, Al’Bina P.; Protod’Jakonov, Artur P.; Stoneking, Mark. Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts. Human Genetics. 2006, 120 (3): 334–353. PMID 16845541. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2.
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi. Dual origins of the Japanese: Common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes. Journal of Human Genetics. 2005, 51 (1): 47–58. PMID 16328082. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0.
Kim, Soon-Hee; et al. High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea. Investigative Genetics. 2011, 2 (1): 10. PMC 3087676 . PMID 21463511. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10.
Trejaut, J.A. Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia. BMC Genetics. 2014, 15: 77. PMC 4083334 . PMID 24965575. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77.
Cristofaro; et al. Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (10): e76748. PMC 3799995 . PMID 24204668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748.
Dulik, M C. Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaian. Am J Hum Genet. 2012-02, 90 (2): 229–246. PMC 3276666 . PMID 22281367. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014.
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http://www.fsigeneticssup.com/article/S1875-1768^{[永久失效連結]} (08)00138-8/fulltext(To read this document, allow cookies on your internet option), 5 out of 100 samples in the Y-STR table can be classified as haplogroup Q-M3.

genetiker.wordpress.com

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Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas (PDF). Am. J. Hum. Genet. September 2003, 73 (3): 524–39 [2006-12-20]. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-04-28）.
Shen, Peidong; Lavi, Tal; Kivisild, Toomas; Chou, Vivian; Sengun, Deniz; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Issac; Woolf, Eilon; et al. Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation. Human Mutation. 2004, 24 (3): 248–60. PMID 15300852. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. Q-M323 in 3/20=15% of a sample of Yemenite Jews.
Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2010, 28 (1): 717–27. PMID 20837606. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247.
Behar, DM; et al. Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations. Hum Genet. 2004-03, 114 (4): 354–65. PMID 14740294. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7.
Adams, S. M.; Bosch, E.; Balaresque, P. L.; Ballereau, S. J.; Lee, A. C.; Arroyo, E.; López-Parra, A. M.; Aler, M.; et al. The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. Am J Hum Genet. 2008, 83 (6): 725–736. PMC 2668061 . PMID 19061982. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007.
Malhi, RS; Gonzalez-Oliver, A; Schroeder, KB; Kemp, BM; Greenberg, JA; Dobrowski, SZ; Smith, DG; Resendez, A; Karafet, T. Distribution of Y chromosomes among native North Americans: a study of Athapaskan population history. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2008, 137 (4): 412–24. PMC 2584155 . PMID 18618732. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20883.
Rasmussen, M; Li, Y; Lindgreen, S; Pedersen, JS; Albrechtsen, A; Moltke, I; Metspalu, M; Metspalu, E; Kivisild, T. Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo. Nature. 2010, 463 (7282): 463, 757–762. PMC 3951495 . PMID 20148029. doi:10.1038/nature08835.
Katharina Olofsson, Jill; et al. Peopling of the North Circumpolar Region – Insights from Y Chromosome STR and SNP Typing of Greenlanders. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (1): e0116573. PMC 4312058 . PMID 25635810. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116573.
Hammer; et al. Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases. Forensic Sci. Int. 2006-12, 164 (1): 45–55. PMID 16337103. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.013.
Bortolini, M; Salzano, F; Thomas, M; Stuart, S; Nasanen, S; Bau, C; Hutz, M; Layrisse, Z; et al. Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003, 73 (3): 524–39. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588.
Vullo, Carlos; et al. Association between Y haplogroups and autosomal AIMs reveals intra-population substructure in Bolivian populations. Int J Legal Med. 2014, 129 (4): 673–680. PMID 24878616. doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1025-x.
Söchtig, Jens; et al. Genomic insights on the ethno-history of the Maya and the 'Ladinos' from Guatemala. BMC Genomics. 2015, 16: 131. PMC 4422311 . PMID 25887241. doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1339-1. => Guatemala population consists of about 40% Natives (Mayans)+60% Ladinos. According to this paper, 89% of Mayan and 25% of Ladinos belong to Y-DNA Q. Thus, 40*0.89+60*0.25=50.6%
Battaglia; et al. The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (8): e71390. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...871390B. PMC 3749222 . PMID 23990949. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390.
Martínez-Cortés, G; et al. Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages. J. Hum. Genet. 2012, 57 (9): 568–74. PMID 22832385. doi:10.1038/jhg.2012.67.
Lovo-Gómez, J; et al. The genetic male legacy from El Salvador. Forensic Sci. Int. 2007-09, 171 (2–3): 198–203. PMID 16916590. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.07.005.
Grugni. Exploring the Y Chromosomal Ancestry of Modern Panamanians. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (12): e0144223. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1044223G. PMC 4670172 . PMID 26636572. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144223.
Rojas, Win; et al. Genetic Make Up and Structure of Colombian Populations by Means of Uniparental and Biparental DNA Markers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2010, 143 (1): 13–20. PMID 20734436. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21270. => (DANE, 2006) 86% of the whole Colombian population self-reported as of Mixed Ancestary, 3.4% as Native American, 10.5% as African-Columbian. In this paper, 12% (114/954) of MA, 95.7% (135/141) of NA, and 23.8% (5/21) of AC are turned out to be Y-DNA Q. Thus, 86*0.12+3.4*0.957+10.5*0.238=16.1%
Núñez, Carolina; et al. Y chromosome haplogroup diversity in a Mestizo population of Nicaragua. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2012, 6 (6): e192–e195. PMID 22770600. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.011. The author revised his previous paper, genotyping 2 more samples as haplogroup Q by Y-SNP test.
Corach, Daniel; et al. Inferring Continental Ancestry of Argentineans from Autosomal, Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial DNA. Annals of Human Genetics. 2010, 74 (1): 65–76. PMID 20059473. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00556.x.
Palha, T.; et al. Disclosing the Genetic Structure of Brazil through Analysis of Male Lineages with Highly Discriminating Haplotypes. PLOS ONE. 2012, 7 (7): e40007. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...740007P. PMC 3393733 . PMID 22808085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040007. => about 80 out of 2,024 (3.95%) samples in the paper collected from all the regions of Brazil can be classified as Y-DNA Q.
Jeffrey, T.; et al. The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet. 2002-01, 70 (1): 192–206. PMC 384887 . PMID 11731934. doi:10.1086/338457. The SNPs used in the paper are P-M45, R1a1-M17, Q1a2-M3, and other xP-M45 SNPs. And the author mentions that, among ethnic groups in the paper, R1-M173 is harbored only in some eastern Siberian Udegeys and Koryaks and Native Americans. Also, R2 (distributed in India and its neighbours) cannot be found in far east Siberia. Thus, P-M45 except some samples mentioned above virtually means Q-M242 (xM3). In the paper, 35.3% of Nivkhs and 20.8% of Chukchi people and 18.2% of Siberian Eskimos are shown in P-M45, and 12.5% of Chukchis and 21.2% of Siberian Eskimos are in Q-M3. All of them can be estimated to be in haplogroup Q.
Pakendorf, Brigitte; Novgorodov, Innokentij N.; Osakovskij, Vladimir L.; Danilova, Al’Bina P.; Protod’Jakonov, Artur P.; Stoneking, Mark. Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts. Human Genetics. 2006, 120 (3): 334–353. PMID 16845541. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2.
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi. Dual origins of the Japanese: Common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes. Journal of Human Genetics. 2005, 51 (1): 47–58. PMID 16328082. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0.
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Trejaut, J.A. Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia. BMC Genetics. 2014, 15: 77. PMC 4083334 . PMID 24965575. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77.
Cristofaro; et al. Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (10): e76748. PMC 3799995 . PMID 24204668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748.
Dulik, M C. Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaian. Am J Hum Genet. 2012-02, 90 (2): 229–246. PMC 3276666 . PMID 22281367. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014.
Malyarchuk, Boris; et al. Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a. Journal of Human Genetics. 2011, 56 (8): 583–588. PMID 21677663. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64.
Y-Chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. March 2009, 17 (10): 1260–73. PMC 2986641 . PMID 19259129. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.6.
Yan, Shi; Chuan-; Wang, Chao; Li, Hui; et al. An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2011, 19 (9): 1013–1015. PMC 3179364 . PMID 21505448. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64.
Zhong, Hua; Shi, Hong; Qi, Xue-Bin; Duan, Zi-Yuan; Tan, Ping-Ping; Jin, Li; Su, Bing; Ma, Runlin Z. Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2011, 28 (1): 717–727. PMID 20837606. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247.
Shan; et al. Genetic polymorphism of 17 Y chromosomal STRs in Kazakh and Uighur populations from Xinjiang, China. Int J Legal Med. 2014-09, 128 (5): 743–4. PMID 24398978. doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0948-y.
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; et al. Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes. Journal of Human Genetics. 2006, 51: 47–58. PMID 16328082. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0.
Qi, Xuebin; Cui, Chaoying; Peng, Yi; et al. Genetic Evidence of Paleolithic Colonization and Neolithic Expansion of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2013, 30 (8): 1761–1778. PMID 23682168. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst093.
Kim, Soon-Hee; et al. 'Y chromosome homogeneity in the Korean population. Int J Legal Med. 2010-11, 124 (6): 653–7. PMID 20714743. doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0501-1.
Jin Park, Myung; et al. Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea-relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 2012, 126 (4): 589–599. PMID 22569803. doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9.
Karafet, TM; et al. Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders. Hum. Biol. 2005-02, 77 (1): 93–114. PMID 16114819. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0030.
He, J-D; Peng, M-S; Quang, HH; Dang, KP; Trieu, AV; et al. Patrilineal Perspective on the Austronesian Diffusion in Mainland Southeast Asia. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7 (5): e36437. PMC 3346718 . PMID 22586471. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036437.
Peng, Min-Sheng; et al. Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data. Eur J Hum Genet. 2014-08, 22 (8): 1046–1050. PMC 4350590 . PMID 24281365. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272.
Seielstad, Mark; et al. A Novel Y-Chromosome Variant Puts an Upper Limit on the Timing of First Entry into the Americas. Am J Hum Genet. 2003-09, 73 (3): 700–705. PMC 1180698 . PMID 12929085. doi:10.1086/377589.
Wells, R. S.; Yuldasheva, N.; Ruzibakiev, R.; Underhill, P. A.; Evseeva, I.; Blue-Smith, J.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Pitchappan, R. The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001-08-28, 98 (18): 10244–10249. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 56946 . PMID 11526236. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098 （英语）.
Malyarchuk, B; et al. Y-chromosome variation in Tajiks and Iranians. Ann. Hum. Biol. 2013-01, 40 (1): 48–54. PMID 23198991. doi:10.3109/03014460.2012.747628.
Karafet; et al. Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes. Am J Hum Genet. 2001-09, 69 (3): 615–628. PMC 1235490 . PMID 11481588. doi:10.1086/323299.
Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration. Hum. Hered. 2006, 61 (3): 132–43. PMID 16770078. doi:10.1159/000093774.
Bekada, Asmahan; et al. Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (2): e56775. PMC 3576335 . PMID 23431392. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775.
Al-Zahery, Nadia; et al. In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2011, 11: 288. PMC 3215667 . PMID 21970613. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-288.
Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events. Am. J. Hum. Genet. April 2008, 82 (4): 873–82. PMC 2427286 . PMID 18374297. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020.
Firasat, Sadaf; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim. Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2007, 15 (1): 121–126. PMC 2588664 . PMID 17047675. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726.
Khurana, P; et al. Y Chromosome Haplogroup Distribution in Indo-European Speaking Tribes of Gujarat, Western India. PLOS ONE. 2014, 9 (3): e90414. PMC 3948632 . PMID 24614885. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090414.
Fornarino, Simona; et al. Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation. BMC Evol. Biol. 2009, 9: 154. PMC 2720951 . PMID 19573232. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154.
Nahar Gazi, Nurun; et al. Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations of Bangladesh: Evaluating the Gene Flow along the Sides of Bay-of-Bengal. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (10): e75064. PMC 3794028 . PMID 24130682. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075064.
Khar'kov, VN; et al. Frequencies of Y chromosome binary haplogroups in Belarussians. Genetika. 2005-08, 41 (8): 1132–6. PMID 16161635. doi:10.1007/s11177-005-0182-x.
Ehler, Edvard; et al. Y-chromosomal diversity of the Valachs from the Czech Republic: model for isolated population in Central Europe. Croat Med J. 2011-06, 52 (3): 358–367. PMC 3131682 . PMID 21674832. doi:10.3325/cmj.2011.52.358.
Kristiina, Tambets. The Western; Eastern; et al. Outliers" Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet. 2004-04, 74 (4): 661–682. PMC 1181943 . PMID 15024688. doi:10.1086/383203.
Varzari, Alexander; et al. Paleo-Balkan and Slavic Contributions to the Genetic Pool of Moldavians: Insights from the Y Chromosome. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (1): e53731. PMC 3547065 . PMID 23341985. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053731.
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Csányi, B.; et al. Y-Chromosome Analysis of Ancient Hungarian and Two Modern Hungarian-Speaking Populations from the Carpathian Basin. Annals of Human Genetics. July 2008, 72 (4): 519–534. PMID 18373723. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00440.x.
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Brisighelli, F. Uniparental markers of contemporary Italian population reveals details on its pre-Roman heritage. PLOS ONE. 2012, 7 (12): e50794. PMC 3519480 . PMID 23251386. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050794. In Table S4, #BEL50 is estimated to be Q-M378 by haplotype, though it is shown as just P* (xR1).
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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Khar'kov, V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Spiridonova, M. G.; Voevoda, M. I.; Tadinova, V. N.; Puzyrev, V. P. [Gene pool differences between northern and southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups]. Genetika. 2007-05, 43 (5) [2024-12-28]. ISSN 0016-6758. PMID 17633562. （原始内容存档于2025-02-06）.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov

The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. August 2001, 98 (18): 10244–9. PMC 56946 . PMID 11526236. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. Table 1: Y-chromosome haplotype frequencies in 49 Eurasian populations, listed according to geographic region

oxfordjournals.org

mbe.oxfordjournals.org

Zegura, S. L.; Karafet, TM; Zhivotovsky, LA; Hammer, MF. High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas (PDF). Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2004, 21 (1): 164–75 [2020-02-16]. PMID 14595095. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-09-06）.

pnas.org

Wells, R. S.; Yuldasheva, N.; Ruzibakiev, R.; Underhill, P. A.; Evseeva, I.; Blue-Smith, J.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Pitchappan, R. The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001-08-28, 98 (18): 10244–10249. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 56946 . PMID 11526236. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098 （英语）.

researchgate.net

(PDF) Gene pool of Turkmens from Karakalpakstan in their Central Asian context (Y-chromosome polymorphism). ResearchGate. [2024-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）（英语）.

snag.gy

YFull - Experimental Y Tree （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Y-SNP calls for Afontova Gora 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Afantova had haplogroup Q1a1 and some type of R derived mtdna. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

tdc.ac.jp

ir.tdc.ac.jp

Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms (PDF). Annals of Human Genetics. 2007, 71 (4): 480–495 [2020-02-16]. PMID 17274803. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-09-30）.

ucl.ac.uk

Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas (PDF). Am. J. Hum. Genet. September 2003, 73 (3): 524–39 [2006-12-20]. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-04-28）.

ucr.edu

faculty.ucr.edu

According to scholars, early Sumerians called themselves 'black-headed people', and spoke an agglutinative language with the word order of SOV, which was quite different from common Semitic or Indo-European languages. Among Semitic languages, only Akkadian had SOV word order, which is due to the influence of the Sumerian language.(For more information, see Sumer, Sumerian Language, Akkadian language, and so on.) On the other hand, surprisingly, some ancient writings found in Bolivia such as Pokotia Monolith, have been interpreted with the Proto-Sumerian language. http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/biados/texts/WintersPokotia.htm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

web.archive.org

Fagundes, Nelson J. R.; Kanitz, Ricardo; Eckert, Roberta; Valls, Ana C. S.; Bogo, Mauricio R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Smith, David Glenn; Silva, Wilson A.; Zago, Marco A.; Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, Andrea K.; Santos, Sidney E. B.; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza; Bonatto, Sandro L. Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas (PDF). American Journal of Human Genetics. 2008, 82 (3): 583–592 [2009-11-19]. PMC 2427228 . PMID 18313026. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-25）. Since the first studies, it has been found that extant Native American populations exhibit almost exclusively five "mtDNA haplogroups" (A–D and X)6 classified in the autochthonous haplogroups A2, B2, C1, D1, and X2a.7 Haplogroups A–D are found all over the New World and are frequent in Asia, supporting a northeastern Asian origin of these lineages
Zegura, S. L.; Karafet, TM; Zhivotovsky, LA; Hammer, MF. High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas (PDF). Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2004, 21 (1): 164–75 [2020-02-16]. PMID 14595095. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-09-06）.
YFull YTree v4.02. [2020-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-25）.
Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades - 2016. [2020-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-01）.
(PDF) Gene pool of Turkmens from Karakalpakstan in their Central Asian context (Y-chromosome polymorphism). ResearchGate. [2024-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）（英语）.
Khar'kov, V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Spiridonova, M. G.; Voevoda, M. I.; Tadinova, V. N.; Puzyrev, V. P. [Gene pool differences between northern and southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups]. Genetika. 2007-05, 43 (5) [2024-12-28]. ISSN 0016-6758. PMID 17633562. （原始内容存档于2025-02-06）.
Пять генофондов пяти субэтносов сибирских татар. [2020-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）.
Native American DNA or Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. HaploMaps. 2017-05-07 [2020-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-07）（美国英语）.
Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms (PDF). Annals of Human Genetics. 2007, 71 (4): 480–495 [2020-02-16]. PMID 17274803. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-09-30）.
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According to scholars, early Sumerians called themselves 'black-headed people', and spoke an agglutinative language with the word order of SOV, which was quite different from common Semitic or Indo-European languages. Among Semitic languages, only Akkadian had SOV word order, which is due to the influence of the Sumerian language.(For more information, see Sumer, Sumerian Language, Akkadian language, and so on.) On the other hand, surprisingly, some ancient writings found in Bolivia such as Pokotia Monolith, have been interpreted with the Proto-Sumerian language. http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/biados/texts/WintersPokotia.htm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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David K. Faux, 2007, The Genetic Link of the Viking – Era Norse to Central Asia: An Assessment of the Y Chromosome DNA, Archaeological, Historical and Linguistic Evidence, http://www.davidkfaux.org/CentralAsiaRootsofScandinavia-Y-DNAEvidence.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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YFull - Experimental Y Tree （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Y-SNP calls for Afontova Gora 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Afantova had haplogroup Q1a1 and some type of R derived mtdna. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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worldcat.org

ZHANG, Yong-Ke; CHEN, Zheng; FAN, An; ZHANG, Ya-Nan; WU, Yan-Ping; ZHAO, Qian-Jun; ZHOU, Can-Lin; MAO, Xin-Min; ZANG, Yu-Liang; Yerhaz, ZARHUMAR; Hasenbek, MALIK. Genetic relationships between Tuva population and the neighboring populations in the Altai Region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Hereditas (Beijing). 2009-12-01, 31 (8). ISSN 0253-9772. doi:10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00818. 引用错误：带有name属性“Zhang2009”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
Khar'kov, V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Spiridonova, M. G.; Voevoda, M. I.; Tadinova, V. N.; Puzyrev, V. P. [Gene pool differences between northern and southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups]. Genetika. 2007-05, 43 (5) [2024-12-28]. ISSN 0016-6758. PMID 17633562. （原始内容存档于2025-02-06）.
Wells, R. S.; Yuldasheva, N.; Ruzibakiev, R.; Underhill, P. A.; Evseeva, I.; Blue-Smith, J.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Pitchappan, R. The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001-08-28, 98 (18): 10244–10249. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 56946 . PMID 11526236. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098 （英语）.

xn--c1acc6aafa1c.xn--p1ai

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yfull.com

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