QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY i. HISTORY. "Like most present-day tribal confederacies in Persia, the Il-e Qašqāʾi is a conglomeration of clans of different ethnic origins, Lori, Kurdish, Arab and Turkic. But most of the Qašqāʾi are of Turkic origin, and almost all of them speak a Western Ghuz Turkic dialect which they call Turki." In: Encyclopaedia Iranica. [13 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-17）.
[7] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Encyclopedia Iranica. Iranica. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
[8] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Encyclopedia Iranica. Iranica. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
kcm.co.kr
[2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）We know very little about their history, except that the Qashqa'i left central Asia in the 11th century AD and began entering Iran. Nothing else is recorded about them until the mid-18th century when the ruler of southern Iran appointed a Qashqa'i as the tribal leader of a province.
[3] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）In the Qashqa'i society, the upper class consists of men who are politically active. Their wealth comes mainly from control over land and ownership of herds. The lower class is made up of those who hire out their labor. They may serve as full-time shepherds and camel drivers, or as part-time field laborers and sharecroppers. The poorest of the Qashqa'i are those people who own no land or herds. They are not paid money for their goods or services, but are paid in food, clothing, supplies, and/or animals. Within this "poor class," anyone over the age of eight years is expected to work to support himself.
[4] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Although the Qashqa'i women have little freedom, they do take the lead in certain family matters. For example, they are responsible for arranging marriages. They are probably best known, though, for their expert weaving skills.
[6] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Islam is the state religion of Iran, and one hundred percent of the Qashqa'i profess to be Muslims. In reality, however, they have very little contact with Islamic institutions or devout Muslims; they simply use Islam for its political advantages. Very few observe daily prayers, and they do not fast during Ramadan (the ninth month of the Muslim calendar in which all Muslims are expected to fast and pray). They do, however, follow Muslim traditions during the rites of marriage and death.
web.archive.org
QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY i. HISTORY. "Like most present-day tribal confederacies in Persia, the Il-e Qašqāʾi is a conglomeration of clans of different ethnic origins, Lori, Kurdish, Arab and Turkic. But most of the Qašqāʾi are of Turkic origin, and almost all of them speak a Western Ghuz Turkic dialect which they call Turki." In: Encyclopaedia Iranica. [13 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-17）.
[2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）We know very little about their history, except that the Qashqa'i left central Asia in the 11th century AD and began entering Iran. Nothing else is recorded about them until the mid-18th century when the ruler of southern Iran appointed a Qashqa'i as the tribal leader of a province.
[3] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）In the Qashqa'i society, the upper class consists of men who are politically active. Their wealth comes mainly from control over land and ownership of herds. The lower class is made up of those who hire out their labor. They may serve as full-time shepherds and camel drivers, or as part-time field laborers and sharecroppers. The poorest of the Qashqa'i are those people who own no land or herds. They are not paid money for their goods or services, but are paid in food, clothing, supplies, and/or animals. Within this "poor class," anyone over the age of eight years is expected to work to support himself.
[4] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Although the Qashqa'i women have little freedom, they do take the lead in certain family matters. For example, they are responsible for arranging marriages. They are probably best known, though, for their expert weaving skills.
[5] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Adamec, Ludwig W. (2017). Historical Dictionary of Islam (3 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 515. ISBN 978-1442277243.
[6] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Islam is the state religion of Iran, and one hundred percent of the Qashqa'i profess to be Muslims. In reality, however, they have very little contact with Islamic institutions or devout Muslims; they simply use Islam for its political advantages. Very few observe daily prayers, and they do not fast during Ramadan (the ninth month of the Muslim calendar in which all Muslims are expected to fast and pray). They do, however, follow Muslim traditions during the rites of marriage and death.
[7] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Encyclopedia Iranica. Iranica. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
[8] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Encyclopedia Iranica. Iranica. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
[5] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Adamec, Ludwig W. (2017). Historical Dictionary of Islam (3 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 515. ISBN 978-1442277243.
