Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "印尼基督教" in Chinese language version.
[A]ccurately estimating the number of such converts is very difficult [...] In Indonesia, a great number of new converts to Christianity occurred among the non-Muslim peoples of Indonesia and to an extent among the 'folk' Muslim East Javanese. The failed Communist coup of 1965, the subsequent massacres of supposed supporters of that coup by Muslims, and legislation that required all Indonesians to sign up for one of the five official religions of the country led to a huge turning to the Christian churches for refuge and engendered disgust for the cruelties perpetrated in the name of Islam.
estimated that over 2 million Javanese Muslims became Christians between 1965 and 1971, and Pentecostal churches gained the most members
[A]ccording to the 2000 census, 35.09 percent of Chinese Indonesians throughout Indonesia are Christian.Cites omitted
Approximately three per cent of Indonesia's population is ethnic Chinese [], most of whom are Christians[.]
The 2000 census, however, does provide information on ethnicity, although the data on Chinese Indonesians is "severely flawed," ***. In the 2000 census, many Chinese Indonesians reportedly did not self-identify due to fears related to the 1998 race riots ***. [Professor] Mackie stated that, "whether the non-reporting Chinese numbered only a small proportion or vastly more in any region, or nationally, is quite unknown and unknowable"Cites omitted.
Between 1966 and 1976, some 2 million ethnic Javanese from nominally Islamic backgrounds converted to Christianity
Religion is belief in Almighty God that must be possessed by every human being. Religion can be divided into Muslim, Christian, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist, Hu Khong Chu, and Other Religion.Moslem 207176162 (87.18%), Christian 16528513 (6.96%), Catholic 6907873 (2.91%), Hindu 4012116 (1.69%), Buddhist 1703254 (0.72%), Khong Hu Chu 117091 (0.05%), Other 299617 (0.13%), Not Stated 139582 (0.06%), Not Asked 757118 (0.32%), Total 237641326
Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. Today Christians constitute approximately 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, and probably a higher percentage among the young. Conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 19.
P.25: Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. 22 Christians today make up roughly 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, 23 and perhaps a higher proportion among the young. The conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, particularly in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole, the proportion of Chinese who were Catholic rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969 (24). locally born) Chinese. This growth appears to be a response to intense missionary efforts and a search for acceptance and identity in Indonesian society through the adoption of a more acceptable and less "Chinese" religion25 which at the same time removes suspicion of sympathy with the communists.
[A]ccording to the 2000 census, 35.09 percent of Chinese Indonesians throughout Indonesia are Christian.Cites omitted
Approximately three per cent of Indonesia's population is ethnic Chinese [], most of whom are Christians[.]
The 2000 census, however, does provide information on ethnicity, although the data on Chinese Indonesians is "severely flawed," ***. In the 2000 census, many Chinese Indonesians reportedly did not self-identify due to fears related to the 1998 race riots ***. [Professor] Mackie stated that, "whether the non-reporting Chinese numbered only a small proportion or vastly more in any region, or nationally, is quite unknown and unknowable"Cites omitted.
the 'black Portuguese' community known in Timor and the Solor archipelago as the Topasses. Their singular identity was based on the melding of indigenous and Portuguese blood and cultural forms.
Muslim 231.069.932 (86.7), Christian 20.246.267 (7.6), Catholic 8.325.339 (3.12), Hindu 4.646.357 (1.74), Buddhist 2.062.150 (0.77), Confucianism 71.999 (0.03), Others/Traditional faiths 112.792 (0.04), Total 266.534.836
Of the estimated five million ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, well over 70 percent are now Christian.
In 1939 Fisk was the first missionary in Indonesia to use a plane in the service of the mission, to overcome the difficulties of traveling in the jungle. The mission fields mentioned above were mainly inhabited by adherents to tribal religions, sometimes by Muslims (Lombok, Sumbawa) or Hindus (Bali).
[T]he massive religious conversion of 1965 and onward should be understood against the backdrop of government pressures and policies which required all citizens to embrace an official religion. They also observe that some Indonesians decided to become Christian because they felt there had been too much tension between Islam and communism. Christianity perhaps was the least risky option.
Muslim 231.069.932 (86.7), Christian 20.246.267 (7.6), Catholic 8.325.339 (3.12), Hindu 4.646.357 (1.74), Buddhist 2.062.150 (0.77), Confucianism 71.999 (0.03), Others/Traditional faiths 112.792 (0.04), Total 266.534.836
Religion is belief in Almighty God that must be possessed by every human being. Religion can be divided into Muslim, Christian, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist, Hu Khong Chu, and Other Religion.Moslem 207176162 (87.18%), Christian 16528513 (6.96%), Catholic 6907873 (2.91%), Hindu 4012116 (1.69%), Buddhist 1703254 (0.72%), Khong Hu Chu 117091 (0.05%), Other 299617 (0.13%), Not Stated 139582 (0.06%), Not Asked 757118 (0.32%), Total 237641326
Of the estimated five million ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, well over 70 percent are now Christian.
In 1939 Fisk was the first missionary in Indonesia to use a plane in the service of the mission, to overcome the difficulties of traveling in the jungle. The mission fields mentioned above were mainly inhabited by adherents to tribal religions, sometimes by Muslims (Lombok, Sumbawa) or Hindus (Bali).
the 'black Portuguese' community known in Timor and the Solor archipelago as the Topasses. Their singular identity was based on the melding of indigenous and Portuguese blood and cultural forms.
[A]ccurately estimating the number of such converts is very difficult [...] In Indonesia, a great number of new converts to Christianity occurred among the non-Muslim peoples of Indonesia and to an extent among the 'folk' Muslim East Javanese. The failed Communist coup of 1965, the subsequent massacres of supposed supporters of that coup by Muslims, and legislation that required all Indonesians to sign up for one of the five official religions of the country led to a huge turning to the Christian churches for refuge and engendered disgust for the cruelties perpetrated in the name of Islam.
[T]he massive religious conversion of 1965 and onward should be understood against the backdrop of government pressures and policies which required all citizens to embrace an official religion. They also observe that some Indonesians decided to become Christian because they felt there had been too much tension between Islam and communism. Christianity perhaps was the least risky option.
Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. Today Christians constitute approximately 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, and probably a higher percentage among the young. Conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 19.
P.25: Finally, during this century there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians. Very few Chinese were Christians at the turn of the century. 22 Christians today make up roughly 10 or 15 percent of the Chinese population in Indonesia, 23 and perhaps a higher proportion among the young. The conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, particularly in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole, the proportion of Chinese who were Catholic rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969 (24). locally born) Chinese. This growth appears to be a response to intense missionary efforts and a search for acceptance and identity in Indonesian society through the adoption of a more acceptable and less "Chinese" religion25 which at the same time removes suspicion of sympathy with the communists.
[A]ccurately estimating the number of such converts is very difficult [...] In Indonesia, a great number of new converts to Christianity occurred among the non-Muslim peoples of Indonesia and to an extent among the 'folk' Muslim East Javanese. The failed Communist coup of 1965, the subsequent massacres of supposed supporters of that coup by Muslims, and legislation that required all Indonesians to sign up for one of the five official religions of the country led to a huge turning to the Christian churches for refuge and engendered disgust for the cruelties perpetrated in the name of Islam.
[T]he massive religious conversion of 1965 and onward should be understood against the backdrop of government pressures and policies which required all citizens to embrace an official religion. They also observe that some Indonesians decided to become Christian because they felt there had been too much tension between Islam and communism. Christianity perhaps was the least risky option.
