Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "印度列国时代" in Chinese language version.
A country in which was Desaka (?), where Udayi visited the Buddha during a stay there, and had a conversation with him
All ancient literature from about 5 cent bce onward, abundantly refer to the region as Suhma, Subha, Sumbha with suffixes of -bhumi, -desa or -rasthra/-ratta) while the neighboring tract of land was called Prasuhma (actual name Punda/pundra and later Varendra). Yet simultaneously (during the same periods) there is occasional mention of Lara / Ladha people = Rarha and thus It is apparent that Rarha was the name of the peoples as they called themselves while Subha "auspicious" / Suhma was what outsiders called the peoples/region. By 1000ce Rarha had entirely replaced Suhma in literature as the name of the region/peoples and in 1500ce Nilakantha sums up the matter by stating that Suhma and Rarha (mentioned in ancient literature) refer to the same peoples / region.
Aṅga-Magadha-Mallī-Varji-Kāśi-Kośala-Kuru-Pañcāla-Ceti-Vatsa-Matsya-Śūrasena-Śibi-Daśārṇa-Aśvaki-Avanti
A country in which was Desaka (?), where Udayi visited the Buddha during a stay there, and had a conversation with him
All ancient literature from about 5 cent bce onward, abundantly refer to the region as Suhma, Subha, Sumbha with suffixes of -bhumi, -desa or -rasthra/-ratta) while the neighboring tract of land was called Prasuhma (actual name Punda/pundra and later Varendra). Yet simultaneously (during the same periods) there is occasional mention of Lara / Ladha people = Rarha and thus It is apparent that Rarha was the name of the peoples as they called themselves while Subha "auspicious" / Suhma was what outsiders called the peoples/region. By 1000ce Rarha had entirely replaced Suhma in literature as the name of the region/peoples and in 1500ce Nilakantha sums up the matter by stating that Suhma and Rarha (mentioned in ancient literature) refer to the same peoples / region.
It is nowhere mentioned in the four Nikāyas, nor included among the Mahājanapadas.……The Milinda (p. 359) mentions Vanga as a trading place to be reached by sea.
漢訳の原始仏教聖典には美麗なる陶器製の鉢を産する蘇摩という地名が記されている。……なお 'sumbhakapatta' あるいは 'sumbhaka pātra' というという言葉がパーリ聖典あるいはサンスクリット文献としてのMahāvastuのなかに見いだされ、この「スンバカ鉢」というのがこの蘇摩と関連があるものとも考えられるが、これについては【補註 15】の Sumbha の項を参照されたい。
Vaṅga is the mainstream reading in the Mahasangiti edition, but it can be ruled out, as it is the name of a separate kingdom that is not mentioned in the Pali canon, east of Anga. I think Vanga is vi + anga, “divided Anga”, i.e. portion of Anga split off to the east. It is modern Bangla. It is unlikely that this is what is meant here, because the names are loosely in geographical order from the east (following the sun), and it’s in the wrong spot. Probably in the time of the suttas Vanga was not considered a separate kingdom.
漢訳の原始仏教聖典には美麗なる陶器製の鉢を産する蘇摩という地名が記されている。……なお 'sumbhakapatta' あるいは 'sumbhaka pātra' というという言葉がパーリ聖典あるいはサンスクリット文献としてのMahāvastuのなかに見いだされ、この「スンバカ鉢」というのがこの蘇摩と関連があるものとも考えられるが、これについては【補註 15】の Sumbha の項を参照されたい。
A country in which was Desaka (?), where Udayi visited the Buddha during a stay there, and had a conversation with him
All ancient literature from about 5 cent bce onward, abundantly refer to the region as Suhma, Subha, Sumbha with suffixes of -bhumi, -desa or -rasthra/-ratta) while the neighboring tract of land was called Prasuhma (actual name Punda/pundra and later Varendra). Yet simultaneously (during the same periods) there is occasional mention of Lara / Ladha people = Rarha and thus It is apparent that Rarha was the name of the peoples as they called themselves while Subha "auspicious" / Suhma was what outsiders called the peoples/region. By 1000ce Rarha had entirely replaced Suhma in literature as the name of the region/peoples and in 1500ce Nilakantha sums up the matter by stating that Suhma and Rarha (mentioned in ancient literature) refer to the same peoples / region.
奔拏(Pundra)、蘇摩(Suhma)
It is nowhere mentioned in the four Nikāyas, nor included among the Mahājanapadas.……The Milinda (p. 359) mentions Vanga as a trading place to be reached by sea.
Vaṅga is the mainstream reading in the Mahasangiti edition, but it can be ruled out, as it is the name of a separate kingdom that is not mentioned in the Pali canon, east of Anga. I think Vanga is vi + anga, “divided Anga”, i.e. portion of Anga split off to the east. It is modern Bangla. It is unlikely that this is what is meant here, because the names are loosely in geographical order from the east (following the sun), and it’s in the wrong spot. Probably in the time of the suttas Vanga was not considered a separate kingdom.
Aṅga-Magadha-Mallī-Varji-Kāśi-Kośala-Kuru-Pañcāla-Ceti-Vatsa-Matsya-Śūrasena-Śibi-Daśārṇa-Aśvaki-Avanti
A country in which was Desaka (?), where Udayi visited the Buddha during a stay there, and had a conversation with him
All ancient literature from about 5 cent bce onward, abundantly refer to the region as Suhma, Subha, Sumbha with suffixes of -bhumi, -desa or -rasthra/-ratta) while the neighboring tract of land was called Prasuhma (actual name Punda/pundra and later Varendra). Yet simultaneously (during the same periods) there is occasional mention of Lara / Ladha people = Rarha and thus It is apparent that Rarha was the name of the peoples as they called themselves while Subha "auspicious" / Suhma was what outsiders called the peoples/region. By 1000ce Rarha had entirely replaced Suhma in literature as the name of the region/peoples and in 1500ce Nilakantha sums up the matter by stating that Suhma and Rarha (mentioned in ancient literature) refer to the same peoples / region.
