印度河流域文明 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "印度河流域文明" in Chinese language version.

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books.google.com

Brooke, John L., Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press: 296, 2014 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） Quote: "印度Harappa的故事有所不同（见图111.3）。青铜时代印度河谷的村庄和城市社会可称为一个异常的例子，因为考古学家很少发现当地防御和区域性战争的遗迹。全新世早期到中期的充足季风降雨似乎为所有人提供了充足的条件，竞争的动力被注入了商业而不是冲突活动。学者们长期以来一直认为，这些降雨影响了Harappa起源于新石器时代公元前2600年左右，由村庄过渡到的城市社会的进程。现在看来，就在哈拉潘城市开始发展的时候，这种降雨在第三个千年开始逐渐减弱。因此，南亚的这种“首次城市化”是印度河谷文明对全新世晚期干旱化的最初反应。这些城市被维持了约300至400年，然后逐渐被废弃，因为东部散居的聚落中的Harappa人重新定居进入了旁遮普邦和恒河谷..." 17 (footnote) a)Liviu Giosan et al., "Fluvial Landscapes of the Harappan Civilization," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PNAS, 102 (2012), E1688—E1694; (b) Camilo Ponton, "Holocene Aridification of India," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） GRL 39 (2012), L03704; (c) Harunur Rashid et al., "Late Glacial to Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon Variability Based upon Sediment Records Taken from the Bay of Bengal," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences 22 (2011), 215-28; (d) Marco Madella and Dorian Q. Fuller, "Paleoecology and the Harappan Civilization of South Asia: A Reconsideration," Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006), 1283-301. Compare with the very different interpretations in Gregory L. PossehlPossehl, Gregory L., The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Rowman Altamira: 237–245, 2002 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） , and Michael Staubwasser et al., "Climate Change at the 4.2 ka BP Termination of the Indus Valley Civilization and Holocene South Asian Monsoon Variability," GRL 30 (2003), 1425. Bar-Matthews and Avner Ayalon, "Mid-Holocene Climate Variations."

doi.org

Ponton, Camilo; Giosan, Liviu; Eglinton, Tim I.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Johnson, Joel E.; Kumar, Pushpendra; Collett, Tim S. Holocene aridification of India. Geophysical Research Letters. 2012, 39 (3): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.3704P. ISSN 0094-8276. doi:10.1029/2011GL050722. hdl:1912/5100.
Malik, Nishant. Uncovering transitions in paleoclimate time series and the climate driven demise of an ancient civilization. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. Nishant Malik, Chaos (2020). 2020, 30 (8): 083108 [2020-12-24]. PMID 32872795. doi:10.1063/5.0012059. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Ponton, Camilo; Giosan, Liviu; Eglinton, Tim I.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Johnson, Joel E.; Kumar, Pushpendra; Collett, Tim S. Holocene aridification of India. Geophysical Research Letters. 2012, 39 (3): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.3704P. ISSN 0094-8276. doi:10.1029/2011GL050722. hdl:1912/5100.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ponton, Camilo; Giosan, Liviu; Eglinton, Tim I.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Johnson, Joel E.; Kumar, Pushpendra; Collett, Tim S. Holocene aridification of India. Geophysical Research Letters. 2012, 39 (3): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.3704P. ISSN 0094-8276. doi:10.1029/2011GL050722. hdl:1912/5100.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Malik, Nishant. Uncovering transitions in paleoclimate time series and the climate driven demise of an ancient civilization. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. Nishant Malik, Chaos (2020). 2020, 30 (8): 083108 [2020-12-24]. PMID 32872795. doi:10.1063/5.0012059. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.

osu.edu

research.bpcrc.osu.edu

Brooke, John L., Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press: 296, 2014 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） Quote: "印度Harappa的故事有所不同（见图111.3）。青铜时代印度河谷的村庄和城市社会可称为一个异常的例子，因为考古学家很少发现当地防御和区域性战争的遗迹。全新世早期到中期的充足季风降雨似乎为所有人提供了充足的条件，竞争的动力被注入了商业而不是冲突活动。学者们长期以来一直认为，这些降雨影响了Harappa起源于新石器时代公元前2600年左右，由村庄过渡到的城市社会的进程。现在看来，就在哈拉潘城市开始发展的时候，这种降雨在第三个千年开始逐渐减弱。因此，南亚的这种“首次城市化”是印度河谷文明对全新世晚期干旱化的最初反应。这些城市被维持了约300至400年，然后逐渐被废弃，因为东部散居的聚落中的Harappa人重新定居进入了旁遮普邦和恒河谷..." 17 (footnote) a)Liviu Giosan et al., "Fluvial Landscapes of the Harappan Civilization," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PNAS, 102 (2012), E1688—E1694; (b) Camilo Ponton, "Holocene Aridification of India," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） GRL 39 (2012), L03704; (c) Harunur Rashid et al., "Late Glacial to Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon Variability Based upon Sediment Records Taken from the Bay of Bengal," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences 22 (2011), 215-28; (d) Marco Madella and Dorian Q. Fuller, "Paleoecology and the Harappan Civilization of South Asia: A Reconsideration," Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006), 1283-301. Compare with the very different interpretations in Gregory L. PossehlPossehl, Gregory L., The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Rowman Altamira: 237–245, 2002 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） , and Michael Staubwasser et al., "Climate Change at the 4.2 ka BP Termination of the Indus Valley Civilization and Holocene South Asian Monsoon Variability," GRL 30 (2003), 1425. Bar-Matthews and Avner Ayalon, "Mid-Holocene Climate Variations."

pnas.org

Brooke, John L., Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press: 296, 2014 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） Quote: "印度Harappa的故事有所不同（见图111.3）。青铜时代印度河谷的村庄和城市社会可称为一个异常的例子，因为考古学家很少发现当地防御和区域性战争的遗迹。全新世早期到中期的充足季风降雨似乎为所有人提供了充足的条件，竞争的动力被注入了商业而不是冲突活动。学者们长期以来一直认为，这些降雨影响了Harappa起源于新石器时代公元前2600年左右，由村庄过渡到的城市社会的进程。现在看来，就在哈拉潘城市开始发展的时候，这种降雨在第三个千年开始逐渐减弱。因此，南亚的这种“首次城市化”是印度河谷文明对全新世晚期干旱化的最初反应。这些城市被维持了约300至400年，然后逐渐被废弃，因为东部散居的聚落中的Harappa人重新定居进入了旁遮普邦和恒河谷..." 17 (footnote) a)Liviu Giosan et al., "Fluvial Landscapes of the Harappan Civilization," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PNAS, 102 (2012), E1688—E1694; (b) Camilo Ponton, "Holocene Aridification of India," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） GRL 39 (2012), L03704; (c) Harunur Rashid et al., "Late Glacial to Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon Variability Based upon Sediment Records Taken from the Bay of Bengal," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences 22 (2011), 215-28; (d) Marco Madella and Dorian Q. Fuller, "Paleoecology and the Harappan Civilization of South Asia: A Reconsideration," Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006), 1283-301. Compare with the very different interpretations in Gregory L. PossehlPossehl, Gregory L., The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Rowman Altamira: 237–245, 2002 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） , and Michael Staubwasser et al., "Climate Change at the 4.2 ka BP Termination of the Indus Valley Civilization and Holocene South Asian Monsoon Variability," GRL 30 (2003), 1425. Bar-Matthews and Avner Ayalon, "Mid-Holocene Climate Variations."

sciencedirect.com

Brooke, John L., Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press: 296, 2014 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） Quote: "印度Harappa的故事有所不同（见图111.3）。青铜时代印度河谷的村庄和城市社会可称为一个异常的例子，因为考古学家很少发现当地防御和区域性战争的遗迹。全新世早期到中期的充足季风降雨似乎为所有人提供了充足的条件，竞争的动力被注入了商业而不是冲突活动。学者们长期以来一直认为，这些降雨影响了Harappa起源于新石器时代公元前2600年左右，由村庄过渡到的城市社会的进程。现在看来，就在哈拉潘城市开始发展的时候，这种降雨在第三个千年开始逐渐减弱。因此，南亚的这种“首次城市化”是印度河谷文明对全新世晚期干旱化的最初反应。这些城市被维持了约300至400年，然后逐渐被废弃，因为东部散居的聚落中的Harappa人重新定居进入了旁遮普邦和恒河谷..." 17 (footnote) a)Liviu Giosan et al., "Fluvial Landscapes of the Harappan Civilization," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PNAS, 102 (2012), E1688—E1694; (b) Camilo Ponton, "Holocene Aridification of India," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） GRL 39 (2012), L03704; (c) Harunur Rashid et al., "Late Glacial to Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon Variability Based upon Sediment Records Taken from the Bay of Bengal," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences 22 (2011), 215-28; (d) Marco Madella and Dorian Q. Fuller, "Paleoecology and the Harappan Civilization of South Asia: A Reconsideration," Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006), 1283-301. Compare with the very different interpretations in Gregory L. PossehlPossehl, Gregory L., The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Rowman Altamira: 237–245, 2002 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） , and Michael Staubwasser et al., "Climate Change at the 4.2 ka BP Termination of the Indus Valley Civilization and Holocene South Asian Monsoon Variability," GRL 30 (2003), 1425. Bar-Matthews and Avner Ayalon, "Mid-Holocene Climate Variations."

scitation.org

aip.scitation.org

Malik, Nishant. Uncovering transitions in paleoclimate time series and the climate driven demise of an ancient civilization. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. Nishant Malik, Chaos (2020). 2020, 30 (8): 083108 [2020-12-24]. PMID 32872795. doi:10.1063/5.0012059. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.

ucl.ac.uk

discovery.ucl.ac.uk

Ponton, Camilo; Giosan, Liviu; Eglinton, Tim I.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Johnson, Joel E.; Kumar, Pushpendra; Collett, Tim S. Holocene aridification of India. Geophysical Research Letters. 2012, 39 (3): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.3704P. ISSN 0094-8276. doi:10.1029/2011GL050722. hdl:1912/5100.

web.archive.org

Malik, Nishant. Uncovering transitions in paleoclimate time series and the climate driven demise of an ancient civilization. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. Nishant Malik, Chaos (2020). 2020, 30 (8): 083108 [2020-12-24]. PMID 32872795. doi:10.1063/5.0012059. （原始内容存档于2021-02-10）.
Brooke, John L., Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press: 296, 2014 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） Quote: "印度Harappa的故事有所不同（见图111.3）。青铜时代印度河谷的村庄和城市社会可称为一个异常的例子，因为考古学家很少发现当地防御和区域性战争的遗迹。全新世早期到中期的充足季风降雨似乎为所有人提供了充足的条件，竞争的动力被注入了商业而不是冲突活动。学者们长期以来一直认为，这些降雨影响了Harappa起源于新石器时代公元前2600年左右，由村庄过渡到的城市社会的进程。现在看来，就在哈拉潘城市开始发展的时候，这种降雨在第三个千年开始逐渐减弱。因此，南亚的这种“首次城市化”是印度河谷文明对全新世晚期干旱化的最初反应。这些城市被维持了约300至400年，然后逐渐被废弃，因为东部散居的聚落中的Harappa人重新定居进入了旁遮普邦和恒河谷..." 17 (footnote) a)Liviu Giosan et al., "Fluvial Landscapes of the Harappan Civilization," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PNAS, 102 (2012), E1688—E1694; (b) Camilo Ponton, "Holocene Aridification of India," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） GRL 39 (2012), L03704; (c) Harunur Rashid et al., "Late Glacial to Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon Variability Based upon Sediment Records Taken from the Bay of Bengal," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences 22 (2011), 215-28; (d) Marco Madella and Dorian Q. Fuller, "Paleoecology and the Harappan Civilization of South Asia: A Reconsideration," Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006), 1283-301. Compare with the very different interpretations in Gregory L. PossehlPossehl, Gregory L., The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Rowman Altamira: 237–245, 2002 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） , and Michael Staubwasser et al., "Climate Change at the 4.2 ka BP Termination of the Indus Valley Civilization and Holocene South Asian Monsoon Variability," GRL 30 (2003), 1425. Bar-Matthews and Avner Ayalon, "Mid-Holocene Climate Variations."

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Brooke, John L., Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press: 296, 2014 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） Quote: "印度Harappa的故事有所不同（见图111.3）。青铜时代印度河谷的村庄和城市社会可称为一个异常的例子，因为考古学家很少发现当地防御和区域性战争的遗迹。全新世早期到中期的充足季风降雨似乎为所有人提供了充足的条件，竞争的动力被注入了商业而不是冲突活动。学者们长期以来一直认为，这些降雨影响了Harappa起源于新石器时代公元前2600年左右，由村庄过渡到的城市社会的进程。现在看来，就在哈拉潘城市开始发展的时候，这种降雨在第三个千年开始逐渐减弱。因此，南亚的这种“首次城市化”是印度河谷文明对全新世晚期干旱化的最初反应。这些城市被维持了约300至400年，然后逐渐被废弃，因为东部散居的聚落中的Harappa人重新定居进入了旁遮普邦和恒河谷..." 17 (footnote) a)Liviu Giosan et al., "Fluvial Landscapes of the Harappan Civilization," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PNAS, 102 (2012), E1688—E1694; (b) Camilo Ponton, "Holocene Aridification of India," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） GRL 39 (2012), L03704; (c) Harunur Rashid et al., "Late Glacial to Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon Variability Based upon Sediment Records Taken from the Bay of Bengal," （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences 22 (2011), 215-28; (d) Marco Madella and Dorian Q. Fuller, "Paleoecology and the Harappan Civilization of South Asia: A Reconsideration," Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006), 1283-301. Compare with the very different interpretations in Gregory L. PossehlPossehl, Gregory L., The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Rowman Altamira: 237–245, 2002 [2020-12-24], ISBN 978-0-7591-0172-2, （原始内容存档于2021-02-10） , and Michael Staubwasser et al., "Climate Change at the 4.2 ka BP Termination of the Indus Valley Civilization and Holocene South Asian Monsoon Variability," GRL 30 (2003), 1425. Bar-Matthews and Avner Ayalon, "Mid-Holocene Climate Variations."

worldcat.org

Ponton, Camilo; Giosan, Liviu; Eglinton, Tim I.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Johnson, Joel E.; Kumar, Pushpendra; Collett, Tim S. Holocene aridification of India. Geophysical Research Letters. 2012, 39 (3): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.3704P. ISSN 0094-8276. doi:10.1029/2011GL050722. hdl:1912/5100.