历史上的种族灭绝 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "历史上的种族灭绝" in Chinese language version.

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USCC報告︰美國不應稱習近平「國家主席」避免令人以為中國有民主. 蘋果日報 (香港). 2019-11-16 [2019-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-16）.

archive.org

Chalk & Jonassohn 1990，第28頁. Chalk, Frank; Jonassohn, Kurt. The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies. Yale University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-300-04446-1.
Forbath, Peter. The River Congo: The Discovery, Exploration and Exploitation of the World's Most Dramatic Rivers. Harper & Row. 1977: 278. ISBN 978-0-06-122490-4.
Kiernan 2007，第81頁 ———. Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3.
Kotar, S.L.; Gessler, J.E. Smallpox: A History. McFarland. 2013: 111. ISBN 9780786493272.
Quammen, David. Monster of God: the man-eating predator in the jungles of history and the mind. New York: W.W. Norton. 2003: 252. ISBN 0-393-05140-4.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Columbus 'sparked a genocide'. BBC News. 2003-10-12 [2006-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-18）.
Philippa Fogarty. Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu. BBC News. 2008-06-06 [2016-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-08）.

bbc.com

Turkey accuses France of genocide in colonial Algeria. BBC News. [2017-06-14]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-13）.
Luxen, Micah. Survivors of Canada's 'cultural genocide' still healing. BBC. 2016-06-24 [2016-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-25）.

bbk.ac.uk

Andermann, Jens. Argentine Literature and the 'Conquest of the Desert', 1872–1896: Violence. Birkbeck, University of London. [2016-11-25]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-28）. It is this sudden acceleration, this abrupt change from the discourse of 'defensive warfare' and 'merciful civilization' to that of 'offensive warfare' and of genocide, which is perhaps the most distinctive mark of the literature of the Argentine frontier.

books.google.com

Robert Gellately; Ben Kiernan. The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2003: 267. ISBN 0-521-52750-3.
Staub, Ervin. The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. : 8. ISBN 0-521-42214-0.
Jones 2006，第3頁 footnote 5 cites Helen Fein, Genocide: A Sociological Perspective, (London: Sage, 1993), p. 26 Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Jones 2006，第5頁. Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Raphael Lemkin. Steven Leonard Jacobs , 编. Lemkin on Genocide. Lexington Books. 2012: 71 [2016-02-14]. ISBN 978-0-7391-4526-5. （原始内容存档于2017-07-10）.
Jones 2006，第9, footnote 24頁. Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Paul Kahn. The Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chinghis Khan. Cheng & Tsui. 1998-01-01 [2017-06-12]. ISBN 978-0-88727-299-8. （原始内容存档于2016-06-17）.
Totten, Bartrop & Jacobs 2008，第历史上的种族灭绝載於Google圖書頁.
Rubinstein 2004，第历史上的种族灭绝載於Google圖書頁. Rubinstein, W. D. Genocide: A History. Pearson Education. 2004 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 0-582-50601-8. （原始内容存档于2016-05-05）.
Crowe 2013，第17頁. Crowe, David M. War Crimes and Genocide in History. Crowe, David M. (编). Crimes of State Past and Present: Government-Sponsored Atrocities and International Legal Responses. London; New York: Routledge. 2013. ISBN 9781317986812.
Vanthemsche 2012，第41頁. Vanthemsche, Guy. Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 2012. ISBN 9780521194211.
Ben Kiernan,Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur, Yasle University Press 2007 p.364-365.
Kiernan 2007 p.374.
Friedrichsmeyer, Lennox & Zantop 1998，第110頁. Friedrichsmeyer, Sara; Lennox, Sara; Zantop, Susanne. The Imperialist Imagination: German Colonialism and Its Legacy. University of Michigan Press. 1998 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 0-472-06682-X. （原始内容存档于2016-05-21）.
Sarkin-Hughes 2008，第5頁. Sarkin-Hughes, Jeremy. Colonial Genocide and Reparations Claims in the 21st Century: The Socio-Legal Context of Claims under International Law by the Herero against Germany for Genocide in Namibia, 1904–1908. ABC-CLIO. 2008-11-30 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-313-36257-6. （原始内容存档于2016-05-06）.
Jones 2006，第7–8頁. Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Victor Hanson. Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2007-12-18: 313 [2017-06-19]. ISBN 978-0-307-42518-8. （原始内容存档于2017-10-12）.
Stannard 1993，第146–7頁. Stannard, David E. American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World. Oxford University Press. 1993-11-18 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-19-508557-0. （原始内容存档于2016-08-29）.
Kiernan 2007，第81頁 ———. Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3.
David Dixon. Never Come to Peace Again: Pontiac's Uprising and the Fate of the British Empire in North America. University of Oklahoma Press. 2005: 152–155 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3656-1.
Michael N. McConnell. A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples, 1724-1774. University of Nebraska Press. 1997: 195–196 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 0-8032-8238-9.
Gregory Evans Dowd. War under Heaven: Pontiac, the Indian Nations, and the British Empire. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2004: 190 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 978-0-8018-7892-3.
For historians who describe this specific attempt at intentional infection as successful, see:
William R. Nester. "Haughty Conquerors": Amherst and the Great Indian Uprising of 1763. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2000: 112 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 978-0-275-96770-3.
Francis Jennings. Empire of Fortune: Crowns, Colonies, and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America. Norton. 1990: 447–448 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 978-0-393-30640-8.
Stafford Poole, quoted in Robert Royal. 1492 and all that: political manipulations of history. Ethics and Public Policy Center. 1992: 63 [2017-06-26]. ISBN 978-0-89633-174-7. （原始内容存档于2016-06-10）.
Noble David Cook. Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492–1650. Cambridge University Press. 1998-02-13: 9–14 [2017-06-26]. ISBN 978-0-521-62730-6. （原始内容存档于2016-11-29）.
David Cesarani; Sarah Kavanaugh. Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies. Psychology Press. 2004-01-01: 381 [2017-06-29]. ISBN 978-0-415-27510-1. （原始内容存档于2016-06-10）.
Rock, =David. State Building and Political Movements in Argentina, 1860–1916. Stanford University Press. 2002: 93–94 [2017-06-30]. ISBN 978-0-8047-4466-9. （原始内容存档于2016-05-22）.
Robins & Jones 2009. Robins, Nicholas; Jones, Adam. Genocides by the Oppressed. Indiana University Press. 2009 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-253-22077-6. （原始内容存档于2015-10-15）.
Robins & Jones 2009，第50頁. Robins, Nicholas; Jones, Adam. Genocides by the Oppressed. Indiana University Press. 2009 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-253-22077-6. （原始内容存档于2015-10-15）.
James L. Haley (1981). Apaches: A History and Culture Portrait （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 0806129786
Knowles, RP; Tomplins J; Worthen WB. Modern Drama: Defining the Field. University of Toronto Press. 2003: 169. ISBN 0-8020-8621-7.
Robins & Jones 2009，第1頁. Robins, Nicholas; Jones, Adam. Genocides by the Oppressed. Indiana University Press. 2009 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-253-22077-6. （原始内容存档于2015-10-15）.
Michno, Gregory. Encyclopedia of Indian wars: western battles and skirmishes, 1850–1890. Mountain Press Publishing. 2003: 353 [2017-07-21]. ISBN 0-87842-468-7. （原始内容存档于2016-06-24）.
Russell Thornton. American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492. University of Oklahoma Press. 1987 [2017-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-8061-2220-5. （原始内容存档于2016-01-08）.
United States Census Bureau. Report on Indians taxed and Indians not taxed in the United States (except Alaska). Norman Ross Publishing. 1994: 28 [2017-02-05]. ISBN 978-0-88354-462-4.
Arthur Grenke. God, Greed, and Genocide: The Holocaust Through the Centuries. New Academia Publishing, LLC. 2005-01-01: 161 [2017-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-9767042-0-1. （原始内容存档于2016-05-14）.
Francis Paul Prucha. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. University of Nebraska Press. 1995: 241 note 58 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 0-8032-8734-8.
John Ehle. Trials of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation. Anchor Books. 1989: 390–392 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 978-0-385-23954-7.
William L. Anderson. Cherokee Removal: Before and After. University of Georgia Press. 1992: 75–93 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 978-0-8203-1482-2.
Stannard 1993，第124頁. Stannard, David E. American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World. Oxford University Press. 1993-11-18 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-19-508557-0. （原始内容存档于2016-08-29）.
Perdue 2005的第3–7章讲述了准噶尔帝国兴衰与其他蒙古部族、清和俄罗斯帝国的关系。 Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, MA; London, ENG: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2005 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-674-01684-2. （原始内容存档于2016-05-06）.
Perdue 2005，第285頁. Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, MA; London, ENG: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2005 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-674-01684-2. （原始内容存档于2016-05-06）.
Perdue 2005，第283–285頁. Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, MA; London, ENG: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 2005 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 978-0-674-01684-2. （原始内容存档于2016-05-06）.
Levene 2008，第188頁. Levene, Mark. Empires, Native Peoples, and Genocides. Moses, A. Dirk (编). Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History. Oxford and New York: Berghahn. 2008: 183–204 [2017-06-11]. ISBN 1-84545-452-9. （原始内容存档于2017-01-09）.
Roy Thomas. Japan: The Blighted Blossom. I.B.Tauris. 1989: 227 [2016-02-16]. ISBN 978-1-85043-125-1. （原始内容存档于2019-06-13）.
Crampton, R. J. Bulgaria. OUP Oxford. 2007-02-01 [2018-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09） –通过Google Books.
Adalian, Rouben Paul. The Armenian Genocide. Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. (编). Century of Genocide. Routledge. 2012: 117–56 [2013-08-28]. ISBN 9780415871914. （原始内容存档于2019-06-05）.
Adalian, Rouben Paul. Adana Massacre. Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Scarecrow Press. 2010: 70–71 [2013-08-28]. ISBN 9780810874503. （原始内容存档于2019-06-04）.

bxscience.edu

Lord, Lewis. Pre-Columbian Population: How Many People Were Here Before Columbus? (PDF). U.S. News & World Report: The Bronx High School of Science: 68–70. August 1997 [2017-06-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-08-12）.

canadianbic.ca

First Steps With First Nations (PDF). Brethren in Christ Canada. April 2012 [2016-06-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-08-17）.

cbc.ca

Tasker, John Paul. Residential schools findings point to 'cultural genocide,' commission chair says. CBC. 2015-05-29 [2016-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-18）.

cdlib.org

publishing.cdlib.org

M. 哈桑·卡卡尔. 《阿富汗：苏联的入侵和阿富汗的反应，1979-1982》(Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982). 加州大学出版社. 1997年2月25日 [2017年6月11日]. ISBN 978-0520208933. （原始内容存档于2017年10月18日）（英语）.

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CNN, Jorge Engels. China may have committed 'crimes against humanity' in Xinjiang, UN report finds. CNN. [2022-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-03）.

doi.org

Potter, James M.; Jason P. Chuipka. Perimortem mutilation of human remains in an early village in the American Southwest: A case for ethnic violence (PDF). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 2010, 29 (4): 507–523 [2012-05-18]. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2010.08.001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-08-18）.
Weisbord 2003，第35–45頁. Weisbord, Robert G. The King, the Cardinal and the Pope: Leopold II's genocide in the Congo and the Vatican. Journal of Genocide Research. 2003, 5: 35–45. doi:10.1080/14623520305651.
Cooper 2006，第113–126頁. Cooper, Allan D. Reparations for the Herero Genocide: Defining the limits of international litigation. African Affairs. 2006-08-03, 106 (422): 113–126 [2017-06-11]. doi:10.1093/afraf/adl005. （原始内容存档于2016-06-24）.
Henderson, Donald A. et al. Smallpox as a Biological Weapon. Medical and Public Health Management （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. JAMA 1999, 281(22):2127–2137. doi:10.1001/jama.281.22.2127

fudan.edu.cn

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路伟东. 同治光绪年间陕西人口的损失. 禹贡网. （原始内容存档于2009-01-01）（中文）.

genocidetext.net

Jones 2006，第3頁 footnote 5 cites Helen Fein, Genocide: A Sociological Perspective, (London: Sage, 1993), p. 26 Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Jones 2006，第5頁. Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Jones 2006，第9, footnote 24頁. Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Jones 2006，第7–8頁. Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Publishers,. 2006. ISBN 0-415-35385-8. Excerpts（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Chapter 1: Genocide in prehistory, antiquity, and early modernity（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

google.com.sg

books.google.com.sg

Doeke Eisma. Chinggis Qan and the Conquest of Eurasia: A Biography. : 100 [2017-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-02）.

gu.edu.au

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Clarke 2004，第37頁. Clarke, Michael Edmund. In the Eye of Power: China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the 'New Great Game' for Central Asia, 1759–2004 (PDF) (学位论文). Griffith University, Brisbane: Dept. of International Business & Asian Studies. 2004 [2017-06-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-04-10）.

heritage.nf.ca

{http://www.heritage.nf.ca/aboriginal/beo_extinction.html}^{[永久失效連結]}

historynewsnetwork.org

Yes, Native Americans Were the Victims of Genocide （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）; History News Network; Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz; May 12, 2016
Guenter Lewy. Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?. History News Network. 2007 [2013-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-05）.

indymedia.org

qollasuyu.indymedia.org

"Civilización o genocidio, un debate que nunca se cierra" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by Cacho Fernández – Qollasuyu Tawaintisuyu Indymedia （西班牙文）

jamanetwork.com

jama.jamanetwork.com

Henderson, Donald A. et al. Smallpox as a Biological Weapon. Medical and Public Health Management （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. JAMA 1999, 281(22):2127–2137. doi:10.1001/jama.281.22.2127

japantoday.com

Andy Sharp. Tokyo's thriving Ainu community keeps traditional culture alive. Japan Today. 2009-03-01 [2016-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-03）.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Smith, Roger W. Introduction: The Ottoman Genocides of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks. Genocide Studies International. 2015-03-11, 9 (1): 1–9 [2018-07-18]. ISSN 2291-1847. （原始内容存档于2019-04-01）（英语）.

jstor.org

Washburn, Kevin K. American Indians, Crime, and the Law. Michigan Law Review. February 2006, 104: 709, 735 [2017-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09）.

kamtime.ru

Vladimir Yampolski. Трагедия Айнов - Трагедия Российского дальнего востока [The tragedy of the Ainu - The tragedy of the Russian Far East]. kamtime.ru. 2004-12-08 [2016-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-27）（俄语）.

law-lib.com

防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约. [2017-06-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-12）（中文（简体））.

msn.com

msnbc.msn.com

How genocide wiped out a Native American population. Msnbc.com. 2010-09-20 [2017-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2010-09-23）.

oxfordjournals.org

afraf.oxfordjournals.org

Cooper 2006，第113–126頁. Cooper, Allan D. Reparations for the Herero Genocide: Defining the limits of international litigation. African Affairs. 2006-08-03, 106 (422): 113–126 [2017-06-11]. doi:10.1093/afraf/adl005. （原始内容存档于2016-06-24）.

people.com.cn

paper.people.com.cn

红溪惨案（侨史珍藏）. 人民网. 2006-10-31 [2012-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-17）（中文（中国大陆））.

phys.org

Gail Glover. Neanderthals may have faced extinction long before modern humans emerged. Phys.org. 2014-02-24 [2016-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-04）.

rfa.org

高新. 習近平有意迴避老父生前的反左歷史. 自由亚洲电台. 2013-10-31 [2015-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-11）.

seyfocenter.com

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southnews.com.tw

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参见二战时期德国统治下的强制劳动（英语：Forced labour under German rule during World War II）。
此处原文为“allotment”。1887年，《道斯法案（英语：Dawes Act）》颁布，该法案将印第安保留地化为若干私有部分。此法案虽强调印第安人对土地之所有权，但其意在通过冲击印第安传统的公有生活方式，破坏其统一，逐渐渗透西方价值，以达到同化印第安人之目的。
在皮特堡之围（英语：Siege of Fort Pitt）一役后，英国人从天花医院中取来病人使用过的毛毯、手绢和亚麻布送给前来谈判的印第安使者。
曼丹人、阿里卡拉人（英语：Arikara）、克里人和黑足人（英语：Piegan Blackfeet）

wikisource.org

zh.wikisource.org

《晉書·卷一百七》（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Jin Shu Original text 閔躬率趙人誅諸胡羯，無貴賤男女少長皆斬之，死者二十余萬，屍諸城外，悉為野犬豺狼所食。屯據四方者，所在承閔書誅之，于時高鼻多須至有濫死者半。

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh (编). Bulgaria: History. Encyclopædia Britannica 4 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.

worldcat.org

Smith, Roger W. Introduction: The Ottoman Genocides of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks. Genocide Studies International. 2015-03-11, 9 (1): 1–9 [2018-07-18]. ISSN 2291-1847. （原始内容存档于2019-04-01）（英语）.
Late Ottoman genocides : the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies. Schaller, Dominik J., Zimmerer, Jürgen. London: Routledge. 2009. ISBN 0415480124. OCLC 263294453.
Genocide in the Ottoman Empire : Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913-1923. Shirinian, George, 1949- First edition. New York. ISBN 9781785334337. OCLC 957139268.

worldfocus.org

Debate continues over what constitutes genocide. Blogwatch. Worldfocus. 2009-02-05 [2012-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-14）.