叙利亚巴勒斯坦 (Chinese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "叙利亚巴勒斯坦" in Chinese language version.
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books.google.com
- Taylor, J. E. The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea. Oxford University Press. 15 November 2012 [2023-10-18]. ISBN 978-0-19-955448-5. （原始内容存档于2023-10-30）.
These texts, combined with the relics of those who hid in caves along the western side of the Dead Sea, tells us a great deal. What is clear from the evidence of both skeletal remains and artefacts is that the Roman assault on the Jewish population of the Dead Sea was so severe and comprehensive that no one came to retrieve precious legal documents, or bury the dead. Up until this date the Bar Kokhba documents indicate that towns, villages and ports where Jews lived were busy with industry and activity. Afterwards there is an eerie silence, and the archaeological record testifies to little Jewish presence until the Byzantine era, in En Gedi. This picture coheres with what we have already determined in Part I of this study, that the crucial date for what can only be described as genocide, and the devastation of Jews and Judaism within central Judea, was 135 CE and not, as usually assumed, 70 AD, despite the siege of Jerusalem and the Temple's destruction
britannica.com
- Roman Palestine. Britnannica. [2023-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-30）.
doi.org
dx.doi.org
- Westwood, Ursula. A History of the Jewish War, AD 66–74. Journal of Jewish Studies. 2017-04-01, 68 (1): 189–193 [2023-10-18]. ISSN 0022-2097. doi:10.18647/3311/jjs-2017. （原始内容存档于2023-03-26）.
- Raviv, Dvir; Ben David, Chaim. Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2021, 34 (2): 585–607. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 245512193. doi:10.1017/S1047759421000271
（英语）. Scholars have long doubted the historical accuracy of Cassius Dio's account of the consequences of the Bar Kokhba War (Roman History 69.14). According to this text, considered the most reliable literary source for the Second Jewish Revolt, the war encompassed all of Judea: the Romans destroyed 985 villages and 50 fortresses, and killed 580,000 rebels. This article reassesses Cassius Dio's figures by drawing on new evidence from excavations and surveys in Judea, Transjordan, and the Galilee. Three research methods are combined: an ethno-archaeological comparison with the settlement picture in the Ottoman Period, comparison with similar settlement studies in the Galilee, and an evaluation of settled sites from the Middle Roman Period (70–136). The study demonstrates the potential contribution of the archaeological record to this issue and supports the view of Cassius Dio's demographic data as a reliable account, which he based on contemporaneous documentation.
- Mor, Menahem. The Second Jewish Revolt. BRILL. 2016-04-18: 483–484 [2023-10-18]. ISBN 978-90-04-31463-4. doi:10.1163/9789004314634. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）.
Land confiscation in Judaea was part of the suppression of the revolt policy of the Romans and punishment for the rebels. But the very claim that the sikarikon laws were annulled for settlement purposes seems to indicate that Jews continued to reside in Judaea even after the Second Revolt. There is no doubt that this area suffered the severest damage from the suppression of the revolt. Settlements in Judaea, such as Herodion and Bethar, had already been destroyed during the course of the revolt, and Jews were expelled from the districts of Gophna, Herodion, and Aqraba. However, it should not be claimed that the region of Judaea was completely destroyed. Jews continued to live in areas such as Lod (Lydda), south of the Hebron Mountain, and the coastal regions. In other areas of the Land of Israel that did not have any direct connection with the Second Revolt, no settlement changes can be identified as resulting from it.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Raviv, Dvir; Ben David, Chaim. Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2021, 34 (2): 585–607. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 245512193. doi:10.1017/S1047759421000271 （英语）.
Scholars have long doubted the historical accuracy of Cassius Dio's account of the consequences of the Bar Kokhba War (Roman History 69.14). According to this text, considered the most reliable literary source for the Second Jewish Revolt, the war encompassed all of Judea: the Romans destroyed 985 villages and 50 fortresses, and killed 580,000 rebels. This article reassesses Cassius Dio's figures by drawing on new evidence from excavations and surveys in Judea, Transjordan, and the Galilee. Three research methods are combined: an ethno-archaeological comparison with the settlement picture in the Ottoman Period, comparison with similar settlement studies in the Galilee, and an evaluation of settled sites from the Middle Roman Period (70–136). The study demonstrates the potential contribution of the archaeological record to this issue and supports the view of Cassius Dio's demographic data as a reliable account, which he based on contemporaneous documentation.
web.archive.org
- Roman Palestine. Britnannica. [2023-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-30）.
- Westwood, Ursula. A History of the Jewish War, AD 66–74. Journal of Jewish Studies. 2017-04-01, 68 (1): 189–193 [2023-10-18]. ISSN 0022-2097. doi:10.18647/3311/jjs-2017. （原始内容存档于2023-03-26）.
- Taylor, J. E. The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea. Oxford University Press. 15 November 2012 [2023-10-18]. ISBN 978-0-19-955448-5. （原始内容存档于2023-10-30）.
These texts, combined with the relics of those who hid in caves along the western side of the Dead Sea, tells us a great deal. What is clear from the evidence of both skeletal remains and artefacts is that the Roman assault on the Jewish population of the Dead Sea was so severe and comprehensive that no one came to retrieve precious legal documents, or bury the dead. Up until this date the Bar Kokhba documents indicate that towns, villages and ports where Jews lived were busy with industry and activity. Afterwards there is an eerie silence, and the archaeological record testifies to little Jewish presence until the Byzantine era, in En Gedi. This picture coheres with what we have already determined in Part I of this study, that the crucial date for what can only be described as genocide, and the devastation of Jews and Judaism within central Judea, was 135 CE and not, as usually assumed, 70 AD, despite the siege of Jerusalem and the Temple's destruction
- Mor, Menahem. The Second Jewish Revolt. BRILL. 2016-04-18: 483–484 [2023-10-18]. ISBN 978-90-04-31463-4. doi:10.1163/9789004314634. （原始内容存档于2022-08-20）.
Land confiscation in Judaea was part of the suppression of the revolt policy of the Romans and punishment for the rebels. But the very claim that the sikarikon laws were annulled for settlement purposes seems to indicate that Jews continued to reside in Judaea even after the Second Revolt. There is no doubt that this area suffered the severest damage from the suppression of the revolt. Settlements in Judaea, such as Herodion and Bethar, had already been destroyed during the course of the revolt, and Jews were expelled from the districts of Gophna, Herodion, and Aqraba. However, it should not be claimed that the region of Judaea was completely destroyed. Jews continued to live in areas such as Lod (Lydda), south of the Hebron Mountain, and the coastal regions. In other areas of the Land of Israel that did not have any direct connection with the Second Revolt, no settlement changes can be identified as resulting from it.
worldcat.org
- Westwood, Ursula. A History of the Jewish War, AD 66–74. Journal of Jewish Studies. 2017-04-01, 68 (1): 189–193 [2023-10-18]. ISSN 0022-2097. doi:10.18647/3311/jjs-2017. （原始内容存档于2023-03-26）.
- Raviv, Dvir; Ben David, Chaim. Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?. Journal of Roman Archaeology. 2021, 34 (2): 585–607. ISSN 1047-7594. S2CID 245512193. doi:10.1017/S1047759421000271 （英语）.
Scholars have long doubted the historical accuracy of Cassius Dio's account of the consequences of the Bar Kokhba War (Roman History 69.14). According to this text, considered the most reliable literary source for the Second Jewish Revolt, the war encompassed all of Judea: the Romans destroyed 985 villages and 50 fortresses, and killed 580,000 rebels. This article reassesses Cassius Dio's figures by drawing on new evidence from excavations and surveys in Judea, Transjordan, and the Galilee. Three research methods are combined: an ethno-archaeological comparison with the settlement picture in the Ottoman Period, comparison with similar settlement studies in the Galilee, and an evaluation of settled sites from the Middle Roman Period (70–136). The study demonstrates the potential contribution of the archaeological record to this issue and supports the view of Cassius Dio's demographic data as a reliable account, which he based on contemporaneous documentation.