Merkle, R. C. A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function. Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO '87. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 293. 1988: 369. ISBN 978-3-540-18796-7. doi:10.1007/3-540-48184-2_32.
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US patent 4309569,Ralf Merkle,「Method of providing digital signatures」,发表于Jan 5, 1982,指定于The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University