Encyclopædia Britannica article on rap, retrieved from britannica.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: Rap, musical style in which rhythmic and/or rhyming speech is chanted（“rapped”）to musical accompaniment. This backing music, which can include digital sampling (music and sounds extracted from other recordings), is also called hip-hop, the name used to refer to a broader cultural movement that includes rap, deejaying (turntable manipulation), graffiti painting, and break dancing.
Leach, Andrew. "[https://doi.org/10.1353/not.0.0039 'One Day It'll All Make Sense': Hip-Hop and Rap Resources for Music Librarians". Notes. 65 (1), 2008. 9–37.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary entry on hip-hop, retrieved from merriam-webster.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: A subculture especially of inner-city black youths who are typically devotees of rap music; the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap; also rap together with this music.
Hip-Hop's Jazz Roots. Merriam-Urban Jazz. Urban Jazz, Incorporated. [24 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-16）.
utah.edu
ereserve.library.utah.edu
Thompson, Robert Farris. "Hip Hop 101", in Droppin' Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. Edited by William Eric Perkins. Temple University Press, 1996.
web.archive.org
Hip-Hop's Jazz Roots. Merriam-Urban Jazz. Urban Jazz, Incorporated. [24 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-16）.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary entry on hip-hop, retrieved from merriam-webster.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: A subculture especially of inner-city black youths who are typically devotees of rap music; the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap; also rap together with this music.
Encyclopædia Britannica article on rap, retrieved from britannica.com （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: Rap, musical style in which rhythmic and/or rhyming speech is chanted（“rapped”）to musical accompaniment. This backing music, which can include digital sampling (music and sounds extracted from other recordings), is also called hip-hop, the name used to refer to a broader cultural movement that includes rap, deejaying (turntable manipulation), graffiti painting, and break dancing.
