"Original Sin" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Biblical Apologetic Studies. Retrieved 17 May 2014. Augustine of Hippo (354–430) taught that Adam's sin is transmitted by concupiscence, or "hurtful desire", sexual desire and all sensual feelings resulting in humanity becoming a massa damnata (mass of perdition, condemned crowd), with much enfeebled, though not destroyed, freedom of will.
Fr. Alberto Esmeralda, OSA. Augustinian Values(PDF). www.merrimack.edu. [2006-11-23]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2006-09-01).
Austin, Michael W. Divine Command Theory. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 August 2006 [15 August 2012]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-19).
Robert L. Holmes. A Time For War?. ChristianityToday.com. [25 April 2015]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-06).
"Original Sin" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Biblical Apologetic Studies. Retrieved 17 May 2014. Augustine of Hippo (354–430) taught that Adam's sin is transmitted by concupiscence, or "hurtful desire", sexual desire and all sensual feelings resulting in humanity becoming a massa damnata (mass of perdition, condemned crowd), with much enfeebled, though not destroyed, freedom of will.