References analysis of the Wikipedia article "孔雀王朝" in the Chinese version

archive.org

Smith, vincent A. The Oxford History Of India Part. 1-3, Ed. 4th. Oxford University Press. 1981: 99. the only direct evidence throwing light ....is that of Jain tradition. ...it may be that he embraced Jainism towards the end of his reign. ...after much consideration I am inclined to accept the main facts as affirmed by tradition .... no alternative account exists.

Hermann Kulke 2004，第xii, 448頁. Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund. A History of India 4th. London: Routledge. 2004. ISBN 0-415-15481-2.

Hermann Kulke 2004，第67頁. Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund. A History of India 4th. London: Routledge. 2004. ISBN 0-415-15481-2.

"In the royal residences in India where the greatest of the kings of that country live, there are so many objects for admiration that neither Memnon's city of Susa with all its extravagance, nor the magnificence of Ectabana is to be compared with them. ... In the parks, tame peacocks and pheasants are kept." Aelian, Characteristics of animals book XIII, Chapter 18, also quoted in The Cambridge History of India, Volume 1, p411

Eugène Burnouf. Legends of Indian Buddhism. New York: E. P. Dutton. 1911: 59.

Allchin, F. R.; Erdosy, George. The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995: 306.

Described in Marshall p.25-28 Ashoka pillar.

Ramaprasad, Chanda. Indian Antiquary A Journal Of Oriental Research Vol.48. 1919: 25-28.

books.google.com

Bronkhorst, Johannes; Flood, Gavin. The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Practice. Oxford University Press. July 2020: 68. ISBN 978-0-19-873350-8 （英语）.

Omvedt, Gail. Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste. SAGE Publications. 18 August 2003: 119. ISBN 978-0-7619-9664-4 （英语）.

Dalrymple, William. Nine Lives: In Search of the Sacred in Modern India. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2009-10-07. ISBN 978-1-4088-0341-7 （英语）. It was here, in the third century BC, that the first Emperor of India, Chandragupta Maurya, embraced the Jain religion and died through a self-imposed fast to the death,......

Keay, John. India: A History. Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. 1981: 85–86. ISBN 978-0-8021-9550-0 （英语）.

Long, Jeffery D. Historical Dictionary of Hinduism. Rowman & Littlefield. 15 April 2020: 255. ISBN 978-1-5381-2294-5 （英语）.

Boyce, Mary; Grenet, F. A History of Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman Rule. BRILL. January 1991: 149. ISBN 978-90-04-29391-5 （英语）.

Avari, Burjor (2007). India, the Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-continent from C. 7000 BC to AD 1200 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期23 November 2022. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0415356156. pp. 188-189.

Dyson, Tim, A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press: 16–17, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8 Quote: "Magadha power came to extend over the main cities and communication routes of the Ganges basin. Then, under Chandragupta Maurya (c.321–297 bce), and subsequently Ashoka his grandson, Pataliputra became the centre of the loose-knit Mauryan 'Empire' which during Ashoka's reign (c.268–232 bce) briefly had a presence throughout the main urban centres and arteries of the subcontinent, except for the extreme south."

Ludden, David, India and South Asia: A Short History, Oneworld Publications: 28–30, 2013, ISBN 978-1-78074-108-6

Dyson, Tim, A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press: 24, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8 Quote: "Yet Sumit Guha considers that 20 million is an upper limit. This is because the demographic growth experienced in core areas is likely to have been less than that experienced in areas that were more lightly settled in the early historic period. The position taken here is that the population in Mauryan times (320–220 BCE) was between 15 and 30 million—although it may have been a little more, or it may have been a little less."

Dyson, Tim, A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press: 19, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8

Thapar 2013，第362–364頁. Thapar, Romila, The Past Before Us, Harvard University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-674-72651-2

Chandragupta Maurya and His Times, Radhakumud Mookerji, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1966, p.26-27 Mookerji, Radhakumud. Chandragupta Maurya and His Times. 1966 [2016-11-26]. ISBN 9788120804050. （原始内容存档于27 November 2016）.

From Polis to Empire, the Ancient World, C. 800 B.C.-A.D. 500. Greenwood Publishing. 2002 [16 August 2019]. ISBN 0313309426.

Kistler, John M. War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. 2007: 67 [16 August 2019]. ISBN 978-0803260047.

s, deepak. Indian civilization. deepak shinde. 2016-10-25 （英语）.

Chatterjee, Suhas. Indian Civilization and Culture. M.D. Publications. 1998. ISBN 9788175330832 （英语）.

Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra. The Mauryan Polity. Motilal Banarsidass. 1993. ISBN 9788120810235 （英语）.

Motilal Banarsidass. The Minister Cāṇakya, from the Pariśiṣtaparvan of Hemacandra. Phyllis Granoff (编). The Clever Adulteress and Other Stories: A Treasury of Jaina Literature. 由Rosalind Lefeber翻译. 1993: 204–206. ISBN 9788120811508.

William Woodthorpe Tarn. The Greeks in Bactria and India. Cambridge University Press. 2010: 152. ISBN 9781108009416.

Mookerji Radhakumud. Asoka. Motilal Banarsidass. 1962: 8. ISBN 978-81-208-0582-8. （原始内容存档于10 May 2018）.

Kashi Nath Upadhyaya. Early Buddhism and the Bhagavadgita. Motilal Banarsidass. 1997: 33. ISBN 9788120808805.

Kangle, R. P. A Study. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 1986. ISBN 978-81-208-0041-0 （英语）.

Gabriel A, Richard. The Ancient World :Volume 1 of Soldiers' lives through history. Greenwood Publishing Group. 30 November 2006: 28. ISBN 9780313333484.

Roger Boesche. The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra. Lexington Books. 2003: 67–70. ISBN 978-0-7391-0607-5.

Indian History. Allied Publishers. 1988. ISBN 9788184245684 （英语）.

Ray, A. Towns and Cities of Medieval India: A Brief Survey. Taylor & Francis. 2016: 22 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 978-1-351-99731-7. （原始内容存档于2022-10-20）.

S. M. Haldhar. Buddhism in India and Sri Lanka (c. 300 BC to C. 600 AD). Om. 2001: 38. ISBN 9788186867532.

Beni Madhab Barua. Asoka and His Inscriptions 1. 1968: 171.

Dyson, Tim, A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press: 24, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8 Quote: "Yet Sumit Guha considers that 20 million is an upper limit. This is because the demographic growth experienced in core areas is likely to have been less than that experienced in areas that were more lightly settled in the early historic period. The position taken here is that the population in Mauryan times (320–220 bce) was between 15 and 30 million—although it may have been a little more, or it may have been a little less."

Dyson, Tim, A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press: 19, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8

google.com

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 164 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 162 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 160 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

Kulke, Herman. History of India. Routledge. 2004: 79 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9780415329200. （原始内容存档于2023-11-02）.

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 164 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

web.archive.org

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 164 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. East-West Orientation of Historical Empires. Journal of World-Systems Research. December 2006, 12 (2): 223 [16 September 2016]. ISSN 1076-156X. （原始内容存档于20 May 2019）.

Bhandari, Shirin. Dinner on the Grand Trunk Road. Roads & Kingdoms. 2016-01-05 [2016-07-19]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-15）（美国英语）.

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 162 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

Arrian. Book 5. Anabasis. [2023-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-10）. Megasthenes lived with Sibyrtius, satrap of Arachosia, and often speaks of his visiting Sandracottus, the king of the Indians.

Mookerji Radhakumud. Asoka. Motilal Banarsidass. 1962: 8. ISBN 978-81-208-0582-8. （原始内容存档于10 May 2018）.

Thapar, Romila. Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas. Oxford Scholarship Online. 2012 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9780198077244. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077244.003.0031. （原始内容存档于2020-06-11）.

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 160 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

Kulke, Herman. History of India. Routledge. 2004: 79 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9780415329200. （原始内容存档于2023-11-02）.

Explained: History and politics of caste census in Bihar | India News - Times of India. The Times of India. [2023-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-13）.

The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient India. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期4 February 2016. University of Michigan.

CNG Coins 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期27 August 2017.

Nath sen, Sailendra. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Routledge. 1999: 164 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.

Ray, A. Towns and Cities of Medieval India: A Brief Survey. Taylor & Francis. 2016: 22 [2023-09-24]. ISBN 978-1-351-99731-7. （原始内容存档于2022-10-20）.

Tukol, T. K. Jainism in South India. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）.

孔雀王朝 (Chinese Wikipedia)

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