宇宙微波背景 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "宇宙微波背景" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

41arxiv.org

69^th place

254^th place

38harvard.edu

18^th place

57^th place

37doi.org

2^nd place

23^rd place

20web.archive.org

1^st place

5archive.org

6^th place

4^th place

4nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

3nobelprize.org

301^st place

262^nd place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

8^th place

3nytimes.com

7^th place

31^st place

2uchicago.edu

230^th place

439^th place

2nasa.gov

75^th place

140^th place

1lbl.gov

2,509^th place

1,602^nd place

1mpg.de

1,624^th place

1,637^th place

1cam.ac.uk

670^th place

845^th place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

12^th place

1haydenplanetarium.org

low place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

642^nd place

1bbc.com

20^th place

41^st place

1unicamp.br

4,854^th place

low place

1ucla.edu

782^nd place

866^th place

1webcitation.org

24^th place

29^th place

1nature.com

234^th place

227^th place

1esa.int

1,482^nd place

1,517^th place

1nbcnews.com

137^th place

538^th place

archive.org

Wright, E.L. Theoretical Overview of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy. W. L. Freedman (编). Measuring and Modeling the Universe. Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series. Cambridge University Press. 2004: 291. ISBN 0-521-75576-X. arXiv:astro-ph/0305591 .
Guth, A. H. The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins. Basic Books. 1998: 186. ISBN 978-0201328400. OCLC 35701222.
Hobson, M.P.; Efstathiou, G.; Lasenby, A.N. General Relativity: An Introduction for Physicists. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 388. ISBN 0-521-82951-8.
Weinberg, S. Oxford Astronomy Encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons. 1972: 514. ISBN 0-471-92567-5.
The history is given in Peebles, P. J. E. Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton University Press. 1993: 139–148. ISBN 0-691-01933-9.

arxiv.org

Fixsen, D. J. The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The Astrophysical Journal. December 2009, 707 (2): 916–920. Bibcode:2009ApJ...707..916F. arXiv:0911.1955 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916.
Bennett, C.L.; et al.. Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe （WMAP）Observations: Final Maps and Results. 2012. arXiv:1212.5225  [astro-ph.CO].
Chiang, H.C.; et al.. Measurement of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Power Spectra from Two Years of BICEP Data. 2009. arXiv:0906.1181  [astro-ph.CO].
Dodelson, Scott. Coherent Phase Argument for Inflation. 2003. arXiv:0309057  请检查|arxiv=值 (帮助) [hep-ph].
White, M. Anisotropies in the CMB. Proceedings of the Los Angeles Meeting, DPF 99. UCLA. 1999. Bibcode:1999dpf..conf.....W. arXiv:astro-ph/9903232 .
Wright, E.L. Theoretical Overview of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy. W. L. Freedman (编). Measuring and Modeling the Universe. Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series. Cambridge University Press. 2004: 291. ISBN 0-521-75576-X. arXiv:astro-ph/0305591 .
The Planck Collaboration, Planck 2013 results. XXVII. Doppler boosting of the CMB: Eppur si muove, Bibcode:2013arXiv1303.5087P, arXiv:1303.5087 
Cirigliano, D.; de Vega, H.J.; Sanchez, N. G. Clarifying inflation models: The precise inflationary potential from effective field theory and the WMAP data. Physical Review D. 2005, 71 (10): 77–115. Bibcode:2005PhRvD..71j3518C. arXiv:astro-ph/0412634 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.71.103518.
Gawiser, E.; Silk, J. The cosmic microwave background radiation. Physics Reports. 2000,. 333–334: 245. Bibcode:2000PhR...333..245G. arXiv:astro-ph/0002044 . doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00025-9.
Kovac, J.M.; et al.. Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI. Nature. 2002, 420 (6917): 772–787. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..772K. PMID 12490941. arXiv:astro-ph/0209478 . doi:10.1038/nature01269.
Readhead, A. C. S.; et al.. Polarization Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager. Science. 2004, 306 (5697): 836–844. Bibcode:2004Sci...306..836R. PMID 15472038. arXiv:astro-ph/0409569 . doi:10.1126/science.1105598.
Ade, P.A.R. et al (BICEP2 Collaboration). Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2. Physical Review Letters. 19 June 2014, 112: 241101. arXiv:1403.3985 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.241101.
Scott, D. The Standard Cosmological Model. 2005. Bibcode:2005astro.ph.10731S. arXiv:astro-ph/0510731  |class=被忽略 (帮助). cite arXiv模板填写了不支持的参数 (帮助)
Brandenberger, Robert H. Formation of Structure in the Universe: 8159. 1995. Bibcode:1995astro.ph..8159B. arXiv:astro-ph/9508159 .
Bennett, C. L.; et al. (WMAP collaboration). First-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: preliminary maps and basic results. Astrophysical Journal(Supplement Series). 2003, 148: 1. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148....1B. arXiv:astro-ph/0302207 . doi:10.1086/377253. This paper warns, "the statistics of this internal linear combination map are complex and inappropriate for most CMB analyses."
Noterdaeme, P.; Petitjean, P.; Srianand, R.; Ledoux, C.; López, S. The evolution of the cosmic microwave background temperature.Measurements of T_CMB at high redshift from carbon monoxide excitation. Astronomy and Astrophysics. February 2011, 526: L7. Bibcode:2011A&A...526L...7N. arXiv:1012.3164 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016140.
Hu, W.; White, M. Acoustic Signatures in the Cosmic Microwave Background. Astrophysical Journal. 1996, 471: 30–51. Bibcode:1996ApJ...471...30H. arXiv:astro-ph/9602019 . doi:10.1086/177951.
WMAP Collaboration; Verde, L.; Peiris, H. V.; Komatsu, E.; Nolta, M. R.; Bennett, C. L.; Halpern, M.; Hinshaw, G.; Jarosik, N. First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2003, 148 (1): 175–194. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209 . doi:10.1086/377226.
Hanson, D.; et al. Detection of B-mode polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with data from the South Pole Telescope. Physical Review Letters. 2013, 111 (14) [2014-03-21]. arXiv:1307.5830 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. （原始内容存档于2013-12-16）.
Lewis, A.; Challinor, A. Weak gravitational lensing of the CMB. Physics Reports. 2006, 429: 1–65. Bibcode:2006PhR...429....1L. arXiv:astro-ph/0601594 . doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.03.002.
Planck collaboration. Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results. 2013. arXiv:1303.5062  [astro-ph.CO].
Kogut, A.; et al.. Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers First-Year Sky Maps. Astrophysical Journal. 1993, 419: 1–6. Bibcode:1993ApJ...419....1K. arXiv:astro-ph/9312056 . doi:10.1086/173453.
Aghanim, N.; et al.. Planck 2013 results. XXVII. Doppler boosting of the CMB: Eppur si muove. 1993. arXiv:1303.5087  [astro-ph.CO].
Inoue, K. T.; Silk, J. Local Voids as the Origin of Large-Angle Cosmic Microwave Background Anomalies: The Effect of a Cosmological Constant. Astrophysical Journal. 2007, 664 (2): 650–659. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664..650I. arXiv:astro-ph/0612347 . doi:10.1086/517603.
Rossmanith, G.; et al.. Non-Gaussian Signatures in the five-year WMAP data as identified with isotropic scaling indices. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2009, 399 (4): 1921. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399.1921R. arXiv:0905.2854 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15421.x.
Schild, R. E.; Gibson, C. H. Goodness in the Axis of Evil. 2008. arXiv:0802.3229  [astro-ph].
Bernui, A.; et al.. Mapping the large-scale anisotropy in the WMAP data. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 464 (2): 479–485. Bibcode:2007A&A...464..479B. arXiv:astro-ph/0511666 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065585.
Jaffe, T.R.; et al.. Evidence of vorticity and shear at large angular scales in the WMAP data: a violation of cosmological isotropy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 629: L1–L4. Bibcode:2005ApJ...629L...1J. arXiv:astro-ph/0503213 . doi:10.1086/444454.
de Oliveira-Costa, A.; et al.. The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP. Physical Review D. 2004, 69 (6): 063516. Bibcode:2004PhRvD..69f3516D. arXiv:astro-ph/0307282 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.69.063516.
Schwarz, D. J.; et al,. Is the low-l microwave background cosmic?. Physical Review Letters. 2004, 93 (22): 221301. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..93v1301S. arXiv:astro-ph/0403353 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.221301.
Bielewicz, P.; Gorski, K. M.; Banday, A. J. Low-order multipole maps of CMB anisotropy derived from WMAP. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2004, 355 (4): 1283. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.355.1283B. arXiv:astro-ph/0405007 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08405.x.
Liu, Hao; Li, Ti-Pei. Improved CMB Map from WMAP Data. 2009. arXiv:0907.2731v3  [astro-ph].
Sawangwit, Utane; Shanks, Tom. Lambda-CDM and the WMAP Power Spectrum Beam Profile Sensitivity. 2010. arXiv:1006.1270v1  [astro-ph].
Liu, Hao; et al.. Diagnosing Timing Error in WMAP Data. 2010. arXiv:1009.2701v1  [astro-ph].
Hinshaw, G.; et al. (WMAP collaboration). Three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: temperature analysis. Astrophysical Journal(Supplement Series). 2007, 170 (2): 288–334. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..288H. arXiv:astro-ph/0603451 . doi:10.1086/513698.
Tegmark, M.; de Oliveira-Costa, A.; Hamilton, A. A high resolution foreground cleaned CMB map from WMAP. Physical Review D. 2003, 68 (12): 123523. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68l3523T. arXiv:astro-ph/0302496 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123523. 本文敘述，「毫不奇怪，兩個受污染最嚴重的多極矩為[四極矩和八極矩]，這些最貼近銀河系平面形態。」
O'Dwyer, I.; et al.. Bayesian Power Spectrum Analysis of the First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Data. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2004, 617 (2): L99–L102. Bibcode:2004ApJ...617L..99O. arXiv:astro-ph/0407027 . doi:10.1086/427386.
Slosar, A.; Seljak, U. Assessing the effects of foregrounds and sky removal in WMAP. Physical Review D. 2004, 70 (8): 083002. Bibcode:2004PhRvD..70h3002S. arXiv:astro-ph/0404567 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.70.083002.
Bielewicz, P.; et al.. Multipole vector anomalies in the first-year WMAP data: a cut-sky analysis. Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 635 (2): 750–60. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..750B. arXiv:astro-ph/0507186 . doi:10.1086/497263.
Copi, C.J.; et al.. On the large-angle anomalies of the microwave sky. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 367: 79–102. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.367...79C. arXiv:astro-ph/0508047 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09980.x.
de Oliveira-Costa, A.; Tegmark, M. CMB multipole measurements in the presence of foregrounds. Physical Review D. 2006, 74 (2): 023005. Bibcode:2006PhRvD..74b3005D. arXiv:astro-ph/0603369 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.74.023005.

bbc.com

Amos, Jonathan. Cosmic inflation: Confidence lowered for Big Bang signal. BBC News. 19 June 2014 [20 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-21）.

berkeley.edu

Sanders, R.; Kahn, J. UC Berkeley, LBNL cosmologist George F. Smoot awarded 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics. UC Berkeley News. 13 October 2006 [2008-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-19）.

books.google.com

Kragh, H. Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. 1999. ISBN 0-691-00546-X. 「在1946年，羅伯特·迪克和他的同事在麻省理工學院測試設備，可以測到強度對應在微波波段20K左右的宇宙微波背景。然而，他們並未提出如此的背景，只說「輻射來自宇宙物質」。此外，這項工作與宇宙學無關，只因1950年被建議而提及，背景輻射的偵測可能技術上可行，也因為迪克的後期發現主導」。參見Dicke, R. H.; et al.. Atmospheric Absorption Measurements with a Microwave Radiometer. Physical Review. 1946, 70 (5–6): 340–348. Bibcode:1946PhRv...70..340D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.70.340.
Gamow, G. Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. Courier Dover Publications. 2004: 40 [1961]. ISBN 978-0-486-43868-9.
Naselsky, P. D.; Novikov, D.I.; Novikov, I. D. The Physics of the Cosmic Microwave Background. 2006. ISBN 0-521-85550-0.

cam.ac.uk

damtp.cam.ac.uk

Baumann, Daniel, The Physics of Inflation (PDF), [2013-11-22], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-12）

doi.org

Penzias, A.A.; Wilson, R.W. A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s. Astrophysical Journal. 1965, 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307.
Fixsen, D. J. The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The Astrophysical Journal. December 2009, 707 (2): 916–920. Bibcode:2009ApJ...707..916F. arXiv:0911.1955 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916.
Cirigliano, D.; de Vega, H.J.; Sanchez, N. G. Clarifying inflation models: The precise inflationary potential from effective field theory and the WMAP data. Physical Review D. 2005, 71 (10): 77–115. Bibcode:2005PhRvD..71j3518C. arXiv:astro-ph/0412634 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.71.103518.
Gawiser, E.; Silk, J. The cosmic microwave background radiation. Physics Reports. 2000,. 333–334: 245. Bibcode:2000PhR...333..245G. arXiv:astro-ph/0002044 . doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00025-9.
McKellar, A.; Kan-Mitchell, June; Conti, Peter S. Molecular Lines from the Lowest States of Diatomic Molecules Composed of Atoms Probably Present in Interstellar Space. Publications of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (Victoria, BC). 1941, 7 (6): 251–272. doi:10.1016/0969-8051（96）00073-X.
Kragh, H. Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. 1999. ISBN 0-691-00546-X. 「在1946年，羅伯特·迪克和他的同事在麻省理工學院測試設備，可以測到強度對應在微波波段20K左右的宇宙微波背景。然而，他們並未提出如此的背景，只說「輻射來自宇宙物質」。此外，這項工作與宇宙學無關，只因1950年被建議而提及，背景輻射的偵測可能技術上可行，也因為迪克的後期發現主導」。參見Dicke, R. H.; et al.. Atmospheric Absorption Measurements with a Microwave Radiometer. Physical Review. 1946, 70 (5–6): 340–348. Bibcode:1946PhRv...70..340D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.70.340.
Shmaonov, T. A. Commentary. Pribory i Tekhnika Experimenta. 1957, 1: 83. doi:10.1016/S0890-5096（06）60772-3 （俄语）.
Doroshkevich, A. G.; Novikov, I.D. Mean Density of Radiation in the Metagalaxy and Certain Problems in Relativistic Cosmology. Soviet Physics Doklady. 1964, 9 (23): 4292. Bibcode:1999EnST...33.4292W. doi:10.1021/es990537g.
Kovac, J.M.; et al.. Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI. Nature. 2002, 420 (6917): 772–787. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..772K. PMID 12490941. arXiv:astro-ph/0209478 . doi:10.1038/nature01269.
Readhead, A. C. S.; et al.. Polarization Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager. Science. 2004, 306 (5697): 836–844. Bibcode:2004Sci...306..836R. PMID 15472038. arXiv:astro-ph/0409569 . doi:10.1126/science.1105598.
Ade, P.A.R. et al (BICEP2 Collaboration). Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2. Physical Review Letters. 19 June 2014, 112: 241101. arXiv:1403.3985 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.241101.
Gamow, G. The Origin of Elements and the Separation of Galaxies. Physical Review. 1948, 74 (4): 505–506. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..505G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.505.2.
Gamow, G. The evolution of the universe. Nature. 1948, 162 (4122): 680–682. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..680G. PMID 18893719. doi:10.1038/162680a0.
Alpher, R. A.; Herman, R. C. On the Relative Abundance of the Elements. Physical Review. 1948, 74 (12): 1737–1742. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74.1737A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.1737.
Dicke, R. H. The Measurement of Thermal Radiation at Microwave Frequencies. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1946, 17 (7): 268–275. Bibcode:1946RScI...17..268D. PMID 20991753. doi:10.1063/1.1770483. 這種輻射計的設計基礎已被用於往後的宇宙微波背景實驗。
Dicke, R. H.; et al.. Cosmic Black-Body Radiation. Astrophysical Journal. 1965, 142: 414–419. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..414D. doi:10.1086/148306.
Bennett, C. L.; et al. (WMAP collaboration). First-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: preliminary maps and basic results. Astrophysical Journal(Supplement Series). 2003, 148: 1. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148....1B. arXiv:astro-ph/0302207 . doi:10.1086/377253. This paper warns, "the statistics of this internal linear combination map are complex and inappropriate for most CMB analyses."
Noterdaeme, P.; Petitjean, P.; Srianand, R.; Ledoux, C.; López, S. The evolution of the cosmic microwave background temperature.Measurements of T_CMB at high redshift from carbon monoxide excitation. Astronomy and Astrophysics. February 2011, 526: L7. Bibcode:2011A&A...526L...7N. arXiv:1012.3164 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016140.
Hu, W.; White, M. Acoustic Signatures in the Cosmic Microwave Background. Astrophysical Journal. 1996, 471: 30–51. Bibcode:1996ApJ...471...30H. arXiv:astro-ph/9602019 . doi:10.1086/177951.
WMAP Collaboration; Verde, L.; Peiris, H. V.; Komatsu, E.; Nolta, M. R.; Bennett, C. L.; Halpern, M.; Hinshaw, G.; Jarosik, N. First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2003, 148 (1): 175–194. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209 . doi:10.1086/377226.
Hanson, D.; et al. Detection of B-mode polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with data from the South Pole Telescope. Physical Review Letters. 2013, 111 (14) [2014-03-21]. arXiv:1307.5830 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. （原始内容存档于2013-12-16）.
Lewis, A.; Challinor, A. Weak gravitational lensing of the CMB. Physics Reports. 2006, 429: 1–65. Bibcode:2006PhR...429....1L. arXiv:astro-ph/0601594 . doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.03.002.
Kogut, A.; et al.. Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers First-Year Sky Maps. Astrophysical Journal. 1993, 419: 1–6. Bibcode:1993ApJ...419....1K. arXiv:astro-ph/9312056 . doi:10.1086/173453.
Inoue, K. T.; Silk, J. Local Voids as the Origin of Large-Angle Cosmic Microwave Background Anomalies: The Effect of a Cosmological Constant. Astrophysical Journal. 2007, 664 (2): 650–659. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664..650I. arXiv:astro-ph/0612347 . doi:10.1086/517603.
Rossmanith, G.; et al.. Non-Gaussian Signatures in the five-year WMAP data as identified with isotropic scaling indices. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2009, 399 (4): 1921. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399.1921R. arXiv:0905.2854 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15421.x.
Bernui, A.; et al.. Mapping the large-scale anisotropy in the WMAP data. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 464 (2): 479–485. Bibcode:2007A&A...464..479B. arXiv:astro-ph/0511666 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065585.
Jaffe, T.R.; et al.. Evidence of vorticity and shear at large angular scales in the WMAP data: a violation of cosmological isotropy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 629: L1–L4. Bibcode:2005ApJ...629L...1J. arXiv:astro-ph/0503213 . doi:10.1086/444454.
de Oliveira-Costa, A.; et al.. The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP. Physical Review D. 2004, 69 (6): 063516. Bibcode:2004PhRvD..69f3516D. arXiv:astro-ph/0307282 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.69.063516.
Schwarz, D. J.; et al,. Is the low-l microwave background cosmic?. Physical Review Letters. 2004, 93 (22): 221301. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..93v1301S. arXiv:astro-ph/0403353 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.221301.
Bielewicz, P.; Gorski, K. M.; Banday, A. J. Low-order multipole maps of CMB anisotropy derived from WMAP. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2004, 355 (4): 1283. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.355.1283B. arXiv:astro-ph/0405007 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08405.x.
Hinshaw, G.; et al. (WMAP collaboration). Three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: temperature analysis. Astrophysical Journal(Supplement Series). 2007, 170 (2): 288–334. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..288H. arXiv:astro-ph/0603451 . doi:10.1086/513698.
Tegmark, M.; de Oliveira-Costa, A.; Hamilton, A. A high resolution foreground cleaned CMB map from WMAP. Physical Review D. 2003, 68 (12): 123523. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68l3523T. arXiv:astro-ph/0302496 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123523. 本文敘述，「毫不奇怪，兩個受污染最嚴重的多極矩為[四極矩和八極矩]，這些最貼近銀河系平面形態。」
O'Dwyer, I.; et al.. Bayesian Power Spectrum Analysis of the First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Data. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2004, 617 (2): L99–L102. Bibcode:2004ApJ...617L..99O. arXiv:astro-ph/0407027 . doi:10.1086/427386.
Slosar, A.; Seljak, U. Assessing the effects of foregrounds and sky removal in WMAP. Physical Review D. 2004, 70 (8): 083002. Bibcode:2004PhRvD..70h3002S. arXiv:astro-ph/0404567 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.70.083002.
Bielewicz, P.; et al.. Multipole vector anomalies in the first-year WMAP data: a cut-sky analysis. Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 635 (2): 750–60. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..750B. arXiv:astro-ph/0507186 . doi:10.1086/497263.
Copi, C.J.; et al.. On the large-angle anomalies of the microwave sky. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 367: 79–102. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.367...79C. arXiv:astro-ph/0508047 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09980.x.
de Oliveira-Costa, A.; Tegmark, M. CMB multipole measurements in the presence of foregrounds. Physical Review D. 2006, 74 (2): 023005. Bibcode:2006PhRvD..74b3005D. arXiv:astro-ph/0603369 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.74.023005.

esa.int

Staff. Planck Reveals An Almost Perfect Universe. ESA. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-06）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Penzias, A.A.; Wilson, R.W. A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s. Astrophysical Journal. 1965, 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307.
Fixsen, D. J. The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The Astrophysical Journal. December 2009, 707 (2): 916–920. Bibcode:2009ApJ...707..916F. arXiv:0911.1955 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916.
White, M. Anisotropies in the CMB. Proceedings of the Los Angeles Meeting, DPF 99. UCLA. 1999. Bibcode:1999dpf..conf.....W. arXiv:astro-ph/9903232 .
The Planck Collaboration, Planck 2013 results. XXVII. Doppler boosting of the CMB: Eppur si muove, Bibcode:2013arXiv1303.5087P, arXiv:1303.5087 
Cirigliano, D.; de Vega, H.J.; Sanchez, N. G. Clarifying inflation models: The precise inflationary potential from effective field theory and the WMAP data. Physical Review D. 2005, 71 (10): 77–115. Bibcode:2005PhRvD..71j3518C. arXiv:astro-ph/0412634 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.71.103518.
Gawiser, E.; Silk, J. The cosmic microwave background radiation. Physics Reports. 2000,. 333–334: 245. Bibcode:2000PhR...333..245G. arXiv:astro-ph/0002044 . doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00025-9.
Kragh, H. Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. 1999. ISBN 0-691-00546-X. 「在1946年，羅伯特·迪克和他的同事在麻省理工學院測試設備，可以測到強度對應在微波波段20K左右的宇宙微波背景。然而，他們並未提出如此的背景，只說「輻射來自宇宙物質」。此外，這項工作與宇宙學無關，只因1950年被建議而提及，背景輻射的偵測可能技術上可行，也因為迪克的後期發現主導」。參見Dicke, R. H.; et al.. Atmospheric Absorption Measurements with a Microwave Radiometer. Physical Review. 1946, 70 (5–6): 340–348. Bibcode:1946PhRv...70..340D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.70.340.
Doroshkevich, A. G.; Novikov, I.D. Mean Density of Radiation in the Metagalaxy and Certain Problems in Relativistic Cosmology. Soviet Physics Doklady. 1964, 9 (23): 4292. Bibcode:1999EnST...33.4292W. doi:10.1021/es990537g.
Kovac, J.M.; et al.. Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI. Nature. 2002, 420 (6917): 772–787. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..772K. PMID 12490941. arXiv:astro-ph/0209478 . doi:10.1038/nature01269.
Readhead, A. C. S.; et al.. Polarization Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager. Science. 2004, 306 (5697): 836–844. Bibcode:2004Sci...306..836R. PMID 15472038. arXiv:astro-ph/0409569 . doi:10.1126/science.1105598.
Gamow, G. The Origin of Elements and the Separation of Galaxies. Physical Review. 1948, 74 (4): 505–506. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..505G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.505.2.
Gamow, G. The evolution of the universe. Nature. 1948, 162 (4122): 680–682. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..680G. PMID 18893719. doi:10.1038/162680a0.
Alpher, R. A.; Herman, R. C. On the Relative Abundance of the Elements. Physical Review. 1948, 74 (12): 1737–1742. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74.1737A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.1737.
Dicke, R. H. The Measurement of Thermal Radiation at Microwave Frequencies. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1946, 17 (7): 268–275. Bibcode:1946RScI...17..268D. PMID 20991753. doi:10.1063/1.1770483. 這種輻射計的設計基礎已被用於往後的宇宙微波背景實驗。
Dicke, R. H.; et al.. Cosmic Black-Body Radiation. Astrophysical Journal. 1965, 142: 414–419. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..414D. doi:10.1086/148306.
Scott, D. The Standard Cosmological Model. 2005. Bibcode:2005astro.ph.10731S. arXiv:astro-ph/0510731  |class=被忽略 (帮助). cite arXiv模板填写了不支持的参数 (帮助)
Brandenberger, Robert H. Formation of Structure in the Universe: 8159. 1995. Bibcode:1995astro.ph..8159B. arXiv:astro-ph/9508159 .
Bennett, C. L.; et al. (WMAP collaboration). First-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: preliminary maps and basic results. Astrophysical Journal(Supplement Series). 2003, 148: 1. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148....1B. arXiv:astro-ph/0302207 . doi:10.1086/377253. This paper warns, "the statistics of this internal linear combination map are complex and inappropriate for most CMB analyses."
Noterdaeme, P.; Petitjean, P.; Srianand, R.; Ledoux, C.; López, S. The evolution of the cosmic microwave background temperature.Measurements of T_CMB at high redshift from carbon monoxide excitation. Astronomy and Astrophysics. February 2011, 526: L7. Bibcode:2011A&A...526L...7N. arXiv:1012.3164 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016140.
Hu, W.; White, M. Acoustic Signatures in the Cosmic Microwave Background. Astrophysical Journal. 1996, 471: 30–51. Bibcode:1996ApJ...471...30H. arXiv:astro-ph/9602019 . doi:10.1086/177951.
WMAP Collaboration; Verde, L.; Peiris, H. V.; Komatsu, E.; Nolta, M. R.; Bennett, C. L.; Halpern, M.; Hinshaw, G.; Jarosik, N. First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2003, 148 (1): 175–194. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..175S. arXiv:astro-ph/0302209 . doi:10.1086/377226.
Lewis, A.; Challinor, A. Weak gravitational lensing of the CMB. Physics Reports. 2006, 429: 1–65. Bibcode:2006PhR...429....1L. arXiv:astro-ph/0601594 . doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.03.002.
Kogut, A.; et al.. Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers First-Year Sky Maps. Astrophysical Journal. 1993, 419: 1–6. Bibcode:1993ApJ...419....1K. arXiv:astro-ph/9312056 . doi:10.1086/173453.
Inoue, K. T.; Silk, J. Local Voids as the Origin of Large-Angle Cosmic Microwave Background Anomalies: The Effect of a Cosmological Constant. Astrophysical Journal. 2007, 664 (2): 650–659. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664..650I. arXiv:astro-ph/0612347 . doi:10.1086/517603.
Rossmanith, G.; et al.. Non-Gaussian Signatures in the five-year WMAP data as identified with isotropic scaling indices. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2009, 399 (4): 1921. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399.1921R. arXiv:0905.2854 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15421.x.
Bernui, A.; et al.. Mapping the large-scale anisotropy in the WMAP data. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2005, 464 (2): 479–485. Bibcode:2007A&A...464..479B. arXiv:astro-ph/0511666 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065585.
Jaffe, T.R.; et al.. Evidence of vorticity and shear at large angular scales in the WMAP data: a violation of cosmological isotropy?. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 629: L1–L4. Bibcode:2005ApJ...629L...1J. arXiv:astro-ph/0503213 . doi:10.1086/444454.
de Oliveira-Costa, A.; et al.. The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP. Physical Review D. 2004, 69 (6): 063516. Bibcode:2004PhRvD..69f3516D. arXiv:astro-ph/0307282 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.69.063516.
Schwarz, D. J.; et al,. Is the low-l microwave background cosmic?. Physical Review Letters. 2004, 93 (22): 221301. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..93v1301S. arXiv:astro-ph/0403353 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.221301.
Bielewicz, P.; Gorski, K. M.; Banday, A. J. Low-order multipole maps of CMB anisotropy derived from WMAP. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2004, 355 (4): 1283. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.355.1283B. arXiv:astro-ph/0405007 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08405.x.
Hinshaw, G.; et al. (WMAP collaboration). Three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: temperature analysis. Astrophysical Journal(Supplement Series). 2007, 170 (2): 288–334. Bibcode:2007ApJS..170..288H. arXiv:astro-ph/0603451 . doi:10.1086/513698.
Tegmark, M.; de Oliveira-Costa, A.; Hamilton, A. A high resolution foreground cleaned CMB map from WMAP. Physical Review D. 2003, 68 (12): 123523. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68l3523T. arXiv:astro-ph/0302496 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.123523. 本文敘述，「毫不奇怪，兩個受污染最嚴重的多極矩為[四極矩和八極矩]，這些最貼近銀河系平面形態。」
O'Dwyer, I.; et al.. Bayesian Power Spectrum Analysis of the First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Data. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2004, 617 (2): L99–L102. Bibcode:2004ApJ...617L..99O. arXiv:astro-ph/0407027 . doi:10.1086/427386.
Slosar, A.; Seljak, U. Assessing the effects of foregrounds and sky removal in WMAP. Physical Review D. 2004, 70 (8): 083002. Bibcode:2004PhRvD..70h3002S. arXiv:astro-ph/0404567 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.70.083002.
Bielewicz, P.; et al.. Multipole vector anomalies in the first-year WMAP data: a cut-sky analysis. Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 635 (2): 750–60. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635..750B. arXiv:astro-ph/0507186 . doi:10.1086/497263.
Copi, C.J.; et al.. On the large-angle anomalies of the microwave sky. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 367: 79–102. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.367...79C. arXiv:astro-ph/0508047 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09980.x.
de Oliveira-Costa, A.; Tegmark, M. CMB multipole measurements in the presence of foregrounds. Physical Review D. 2006, 74 (2): 023005. Bibcode:2006PhRvD..74b3005D. arXiv:astro-ph/0603369 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.74.023005.

cfa.harvard.edu

First Direct Evidence of Cosmic Inflation. Release Number 2014-05. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. March 17, 2014 [2014-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-21）. In the first fleeting fraction of a second, the universe expanded exponentially, stretching far beyond the view of our best telescopes. All this, of course, was just theory. Researchers from the BICEP2 collaboration today announced the first direct evidence for this cosmic inflation. Their data also represent the first images of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time. These waves have been described as the 'first tremors of the Big Bang.' Finally, the data confirm a deep connection between quantum mechanics and general relativity.

haydenplanetarium.org

Abbott, B. Microwave （WMAP）All-Sky Survey. Hayden Planetarium. 2007 [2008-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-13）.

lbl.gov

aether.lbl.gov

Smoot Group. The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Lawrence Berkeley Lab. 28 March 1996 [2008-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-26）.

mpg.de

Enßlin, Dr. Torsten. Planck reveals an almost perfect Universe. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. [3 June 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-05）.

nasa.gov

jpl.nasa.gov

Clavin, Whitney; Harrington, J.D. Planck Mission Brings Universe Into Sharp Focus. NASA. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-07）.

antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov

存档副本. [2013-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-16）.

nature.com

Hanson, D.; et al. Detection of B-mode polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with data from the South Pole Telescope. Physical Review Letters. 2013, 111 (14) [2014-03-21]. arXiv:1307.5830 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. （原始内容存档于2013-12-16）.

nbcnews.com

cosmiclog.nbcnews.com

Boyle, Alan. Planck probe's cosmic 'baby picture' revises universe's vital statistics. NBC News. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-23）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kovac, J.M.; et al.. Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI. Nature. 2002, 420 (6917): 772–787. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..772K. PMID 12490941. arXiv:astro-ph/0209478 . doi:10.1038/nature01269.
Readhead, A. C. S.; et al.. Polarization Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager. Science. 2004, 306 (5697): 836–844. Bibcode:2004Sci...306..836R. PMID 15472038. arXiv:astro-ph/0409569 . doi:10.1126/science.1105598.
Gamow, G. The evolution of the universe. Nature. 1948, 162 (4122): 680–682. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..680G. PMID 18893719. doi:10.1038/162680a0.
Dicke, R. H. The Measurement of Thermal Radiation at Microwave Frequencies. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1946, 17 (7): 268–275. Bibcode:1946RScI...17..268D. PMID 20991753. doi:10.1063/1.1770483. 這種輻射計的設計基礎已被用於往後的宇宙微波背景實驗。

nobelprize.org

Smoot, G. F. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Anisotropies: Their Discovery and Utilization. Nobel Lecture. Nobel Foundation. 2006 [2008-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-25）.
Penzias, A. A. The origin of elements (PDF). Nobel lecture. Nobel Foundation. 2006 [2006-10-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-17）.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978. Nobel Foundation. 1978 [2009-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-22）.

nytimes.com

Overbye, Dennis. Astronomers Hedge on Big Bang Detection Claim. New York Times. 19 June 2014 [20 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-22）.
Staff. Mapping the Early Universe. New York Times. 21 March 2013 [23 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-04）.
Overbye, Dennis. An Infant Universe, Born Before We Knew. New York Times. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-14）.

uchicago.edu

background.uchicago.edu

Wayne Hu. Baryons and Inertia. [2013-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-14）.
Wayne Hu. Radiation Driving Force. [2013-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-12）.

ucla.edu

astro.ucla.edu

Assis, A. K. T.; Neves, M. C. D. History of the 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson (PDF) (3): 79–87. 1995 [2013-11-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-09）. 也參見Wright, E. L. Eddington's Temperature of Space. UCLA. 2006 [2008-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-28）.

unicamp.br

ifi.unicamp.br

Assis, A. K. T.; Neves, M. C. D. History of the 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson (PDF) (3): 79–87. 1995 [2013-11-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-09）. 也參見Wright, E. L. Eddington's Temperature of Space. UCLA. 2006 [2008-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-28）.

web.archive.org

Smoot Group. The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Lawrence Berkeley Lab. 28 March 1996 [2008-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-26）.
Enßlin, Dr. Torsten. Planck reveals an almost perfect Universe. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. [3 June 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-05）.
Baumann, Daniel, The Physics of Inflation (PDF), [2013-11-22], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-12）
Abbott, B. Microwave （WMAP）All-Sky Survey. Hayden Planetarium. 2007 [2008-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-13）.
Smoot, G. F. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Anisotropies: Their Discovery and Utilization. Nobel Lecture. Nobel Foundation. 2006 [2008-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-25）.
Sanders, R.; Kahn, J. UC Berkeley, LBNL cosmologist George F. Smoot awarded 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics. UC Berkeley News. 13 October 2006 [2008-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-19）.
First Direct Evidence of Cosmic Inflation. Release Number 2014-05. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. March 17, 2014 [2014-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-21）. In the first fleeting fraction of a second, the universe expanded exponentially, stretching far beyond the view of our best telescopes. All this, of course, was just theory. Researchers from the BICEP2 collaboration today announced the first direct evidence for this cosmic inflation. Their data also represent the first images of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time. These waves have been described as the 'first tremors of the Big Bang.' Finally, the data confirm a deep connection between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Overbye, Dennis. Astronomers Hedge on Big Bang Detection Claim. New York Times. 19 June 2014 [20 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-22）.
Amos, Jonathan. Cosmic inflation: Confidence lowered for Big Bang signal. BBC News. 19 June 2014 [20 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-21）.
Assis, A. K. T.; Neves, M. C. D. History of the 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson (PDF) (3): 79–87. 1995 [2013-11-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-09）. 也參見Wright, E. L. Eddington's Temperature of Space. UCLA. 2006 [2008-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-28）.
Penzias, A. A. The origin of elements (PDF). Nobel lecture. Nobel Foundation. 2006 [2006-10-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-17）.
Wayne Hu. Baryons and Inertia. [2013-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-14）.
Wayne Hu. Radiation Driving Force. [2013-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-12）.
Hanson, D.; et al. Detection of B-mode polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with data from the South Pole Telescope. Physical Review Letters. 2013, 111 (14) [2014-03-21]. arXiv:1307.5830 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. （原始内容存档于2013-12-16）.
Clavin, Whitney; Harrington, J.D. Planck Mission Brings Universe Into Sharp Focus. NASA. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-07）.
Staff. Mapping the Early Universe. New York Times. 21 March 2013 [23 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-04）.
Staff. Planck Reveals An Almost Perfect Universe. ESA. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-06）.
Overbye, Dennis. An Infant Universe, Born Before We Knew. New York Times. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-14）.
Boyle, Alan. Planck probe's cosmic 'baby picture' revises universe's vital statistics. NBC News. 21 March 2013 [21 March 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-23）.
存档副本. [2013-11-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-16）.

webcitation.org

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978. Nobel Foundation. 1978 [2009-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-22）.

worldcat.org

Guth, A. H. The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins. Basic Books. 1998: 186. ISBN 978-0201328400. OCLC 35701222.