弦論歷史 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "弦論歷史" in Chinese language version.

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33doi.org

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31harvard.edu

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10web.archive.org

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9semanticscholar.org

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6arxiv.org

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4nih.gov

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3cern.ch

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2caltech.edu

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1archive.org

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aps.org

link.aps.org

John Archibald Wheeler, "On the Mathematical Description of Light Nuclei by the Method of Resonating Group Structure", Phys. Rev. 52, 1107–1122 (1937).

archive.org

Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. Bibcode:1998SciAm.278b..64D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.

arxiv.org

White, Alan. R. (2000). "The Past and Future of S-Matrix Theory" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
It was Edward Witten who observed that the theory must be an 11-dimensional one in Witten, Edward. String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 443 (1): 85–126. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.443...85W. S2CID 16790997. arXiv:hep-th/9503124 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00158-O.
Polchinski, J. Dirichlet branes and Ramond-Ramond charges. Physical Review D. 1995, 50 (10): R6041–R6045. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.4724P. PMID 10059981. S2CID 4671529. arXiv:hep-th/9510017 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4724.
Maldacena, Juan. The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 1998, 2 (4): 231–252. Bibcode:1998AdTMP...2..231M. arXiv:hep-th/9711200 . doi:10.4310/ATMP.1998.V2.N2.A1.
Douglas, Michael R., "The statistics of string / M theory vacua", JHEP 0305, 46 (2003). arXiv:hep-th/0303194
Kachru, Shamit; Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei; Trivedi, Sandip P. de Sitter Vacua in String Theory. Physical Review D. 2003, 68 (4): 046005. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68d6005K. S2CID 119482182. arXiv:hep-th/0301240 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046005.

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

Chew, G. F.; Goldberger, M. L.; Low, F. E.; Nambu, Y. Application of dispersion relations to low energy meson-nucleon scattering (PDF). Physical Review. 1957, 106 (6): 1337–1344 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1957PhRv..106.1337C. doi:10.1103/physrev.106.1337. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-07-31）.
Chew, Geoffrey; Frautschi, S. Principle of Equivalence for all Strongly Interacting Particles within the S-Matrix Framework. Physical Review Letters. 1961, 7 (10): 394–397 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1961PhRvL...7..394C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.394. （原始内容存档于2022-06-18）.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Veneziano, G. Construction of a crossing-symmetric, Reggeon-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories. Il Nuovo Cimento A. 1968, 57 (1): 190–197 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1968NCimA..57..190V. S2CID 121211496. doi:10.1007/BF02824451. （原始内容存档于2022-05-19）.
Chan, H. M.; Paton, J. E. Generalized Veneziano Model with Isospin. Nucl. Phys. B. 1969, 10 (3): 516 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1969NuPhB..10..516P. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90038-8. （原始内容存档于2018-01-21）.
Gliozzi, F.; Scherk, J.; Olive, D. I. Supersymmetry, Supergravity Theories and the Dual Spinor Model. Nucl. Phys. B. 1977, 122 (2): 253. Bibcode:1977NuPhB.122..253G. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(77)90206-1.

doi.org

Heisenberg, W. Die "beobachtbaren Größen" in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1943, 120 (7): 513–538. Bibcode:1943ZPhy..120..513H. S2CID 120706757. doi:10.1007/bf01329800.
Wheeler, John Archibald. On the Mathematical Description of Light Nuclei by the Method of Resonating Group Structure. Phys. Rev. 1937, 52 (11): 1107–1122 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52.1107W. S2CID 55071722. doi:10.1103/physrev.52.1107. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.
Mandelstam, S. Determination of the pion-nucleon scattering amplitude from dispersion relations and unitarity general theory. Physical Review. 1958, 112 (4): 1344–1360. Bibcode:1958PhRv..112.1344M. doi:10.1103/physrev.112.1344.
Chew, G. F.; Goldberger, M. L.; Low, F. E.; Nambu, Y. Application of dispersion relations to low energy meson-nucleon scattering (PDF). Physical Review. 1957, 106 (6): 1337–1344 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1957PhRv..106.1337C. doi:10.1103/physrev.106.1337. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-07-31）.
Sakata, S. On a composite model for the new particles. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1956, 16 (6): 686–688. Bibcode:1956PThPh..16..686S. doi:10.1143/PTP.16.686 .
Kaiser, D. Nuclear democracy: Political engagement, pedagogical reform, and particle physics in postwar America. Isis. 2002, 93 (2): 229–268 [2022-06-18]. PMID 12198794. S2CID 28620266. doi:10.1086/344960. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.
Chew, Geoffrey; Frautschi, S. Principle of Equivalence for all Strongly Interacting Particles within the S-Matrix Framework. Physical Review Letters. 1961, 7 (10): 394–397 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1961PhRvL...7..394C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.394. （原始内容存档于2022-06-18）.
Dolen, R.; Horn, D.; Schmid, C. Prediction of Regge-parameters of rho poles from low-energy pi-N scattering data. Physical Review Letters. 1967, 19 (7): 402–407. Bibcode:1967PhRvL..19..402D. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.19.402.
Veneziano, G. Construction of a crossing-symmetric, Reggeon-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories. Il Nuovo Cimento A. 1968, 57 (1): 190–197 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1968NCimA..57..190V. S2CID 121211496. doi:10.1007/BF02824451. （原始内容存档于2022-05-19）.
Koba, Z.; Nielsen, H. Reaction amplitude for N-mesons: A generalization of the Veneziano-Bardakçi-Ruegg-Virasoro model. Nuclear Physics B. 1969, 10 (4): 633–655. Bibcode:1969NuPhB..10..633K. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90331-9.
Virasoro, M. Alternative constructions of crossing-symmetric amplitudes with Regge behavior. Physical Review. 1969, 177 (5): 2309–2311. Bibcode:1969PhRv..177.2309V. doi:10.1103/physrev.177.2309.
Shapiro, J. A. Electrostatic analogue for the Virasoro model. Physics Letters B. 1970, 33 (5): 361–362. Bibcode:1970PhLB...33..361S. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(70)90255-8.
Chan, H. M.; Paton, J. E. Generalized Veneziano Model with Isospin. Nucl. Phys. B. 1969, 10 (3): 516 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1969NuPhB..10..516P. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90038-8. （原始内容存档于2018-01-21）.
Susskind, L. Harmonic oscillator analogy for the Veneziano amplitude. Physical Review Letters. 1969, 23 (10): 545–547. Bibcode:1969PhRvL..23..545S. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.23.545.
Susskind, L. Structure of hadrons implied by duality. Physical Review D. 1970, 1 (4): 1182–1186. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...1.1182S. doi:10.1103/physrevd.1.1182.
Ramond, P. Dual Theory for Free Fermions. Phys. Rev. D. 1971, 3 (10): 2415. Bibcode:1971PhRvD...3.2415R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.3.2415.
Neveu, A.; Schwarz, J. Tachyon-free dual model with a positive-intercept trajectory. Physics Letters. 1971, 34B (6): 517–518. Bibcode:1971PhLB...34..517N. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(71)90669-1.
Scherk, J.; Schwarz, J. Dual models for non-hadrons. Nuclear Physics B. 1974, 81 (1): 118–144. Bibcode:1974NuPhB..81..118S. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(74)90010-8.
Yoneya, T. Connection of dual models to electrodynamics and gravidynamics. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1974, 51 (6): 1907–1920. Bibcode:1974PThPh..51.1907Y. doi:10.1143/ptp.51.1907 .
Lovelace, Claud, Pomeron form factors and dual Regge cuts, Physics Letters B, 1971, 34 (6): 500–506, Bibcode:1971PhLB...34..500L, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(71)90665-4 .
J. L. Gervais and B. Sakita worked on the two-dimensional case in which they use the concept of "supergauge," taken from Ramond, Neveu, and Schwarz's work on dual models: Gervais, J.-L.; Sakita, B. Field theory interpretation of supergauges in dual models. Nuclear Physics B. 1971, 34 (2): 632–639. Bibcode:1971NuPhB..34..632G. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(71)90351-8.
Gliozzi, F.; Scherk, J.; Olive, D. I. Supersymmetry, Supergravity Theories and the Dual Spinor Model. Nucl. Phys. B. 1977, 122 (2): 253. Bibcode:1977NuPhB.122..253G. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(77)90206-1.
Green, M. B.; Schwarz, J. H. Anomaly cancellations in supersymmetric D = 10 gauge theory and superstring theory. Physics Letters B. 1984, 149 (1–3): 117–122. Bibcode:1984PhLB..149..117G. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(84)91565-X.
Gross, D. J.; Harvey, J. A.; Martinec, E.; Rohm, R. Heterotic string. Physical Review Letters. 1985, 54 (6): 502–505. Bibcode:1985PhRvL..54..502G. PMID 10031535. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.54.502.
Schwarz, J. H. Physical states and pomeron poles in the dual pion model. Nuclear Physics B. 1972, 46 (1): 61–74. Bibcode:1972NuPhB..46...61S. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(72)90201-5.
Candelas, P.; Horowitz, G.; Strominger, A.; Witten, E. Vacuum configurations for superstrings. Nuclear Physics B. 1985, 258: 46–74. Bibcode:1985NuPhB.258...46C. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90602-9.
It was Edward Witten who observed that the theory must be an 11-dimensional one in Witten, Edward. String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 443 (1): 85–126. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.443...85W. S2CID 16790997. arXiv:hep-th/9503124 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00158-O.
Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. Bibcode:1998SciAm.278b..64D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Polchinski, J. Dirichlet branes and Ramond-Ramond charges. Physical Review D. 1995, 50 (10): R6041–R6045. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.4724P. PMID 10059981. S2CID 4671529. arXiv:hep-th/9510017 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4724.
Maldacena, Juan. The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 1998, 2 (4): 231–252. Bibcode:1998AdTMP...2..231M. arXiv:hep-th/9711200 . doi:10.4310/ATMP.1998.V2.N2.A1.
Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）. (p. 63.)
Kachru, Shamit; Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei; Trivedi, Sandip P. de Sitter Vacua in String Theory. Physical Review D. 2003, 68 (4): 046005. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68d6005K. S2CID 119482182. arXiv:hep-th/0301240 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046005.

dx.doi.org

This was demonstrated in Nahm, Werner, "Supersymmetries and their representations". Nuclear Physics B 135 no 1 (1978) pp 149-166, doi:10.1016/0550-3213(78)90218-3 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Heisenberg, W. Die "beobachtbaren Größen" in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1943, 120 (7): 513–538. Bibcode:1943ZPhy..120..513H. S2CID 120706757. doi:10.1007/bf01329800.
Wheeler, John Archibald. On the Mathematical Description of Light Nuclei by the Method of Resonating Group Structure. Phys. Rev. 1937, 52 (11): 1107–1122 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52.1107W. S2CID 55071722. doi:10.1103/physrev.52.1107. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.
Mandelstam, S. Determination of the pion-nucleon scattering amplitude from dispersion relations and unitarity general theory. Physical Review. 1958, 112 (4): 1344–1360. Bibcode:1958PhRv..112.1344M. doi:10.1103/physrev.112.1344.
Chew, G. F.; Goldberger, M. L.; Low, F. E.; Nambu, Y. Application of dispersion relations to low energy meson-nucleon scattering (PDF). Physical Review. 1957, 106 (6): 1337–1344 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1957PhRv..106.1337C. doi:10.1103/physrev.106.1337. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-07-31）.
Sakata, S. On a composite model for the new particles. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1956, 16 (6): 686–688. Bibcode:1956PThPh..16..686S. doi:10.1143/PTP.16.686 .
Chew, Geoffrey; Frautschi, S. Principle of Equivalence for all Strongly Interacting Particles within the S-Matrix Framework. Physical Review Letters. 1961, 7 (10): 394–397 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1961PhRvL...7..394C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.394. （原始内容存档于2022-06-18）.
Dolen, R.; Horn, D.; Schmid, C. Prediction of Regge-parameters of rho poles from low-energy pi-N scattering data. Physical Review Letters. 1967, 19 (7): 402–407. Bibcode:1967PhRvL..19..402D. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.19.402.
Veneziano, G. Construction of a crossing-symmetric, Reggeon-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories. Il Nuovo Cimento A. 1968, 57 (1): 190–197 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1968NCimA..57..190V. S2CID 121211496. doi:10.1007/BF02824451. （原始内容存档于2022-05-19）.
Koba, Z.; Nielsen, H. Reaction amplitude for N-mesons: A generalization of the Veneziano-Bardakçi-Ruegg-Virasoro model. Nuclear Physics B. 1969, 10 (4): 633–655. Bibcode:1969NuPhB..10..633K. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90331-9.
Virasoro, M. Alternative constructions of crossing-symmetric amplitudes with Regge behavior. Physical Review. 1969, 177 (5): 2309–2311. Bibcode:1969PhRv..177.2309V. doi:10.1103/physrev.177.2309.
Shapiro, J. A. Electrostatic analogue for the Virasoro model. Physics Letters B. 1970, 33 (5): 361–362. Bibcode:1970PhLB...33..361S. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(70)90255-8.
Chan, H. M.; Paton, J. E. Generalized Veneziano Model with Isospin. Nucl. Phys. B. 1969, 10 (3): 516 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1969NuPhB..10..516P. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90038-8. （原始内容存档于2018-01-21）.
Susskind, L. Harmonic oscillator analogy for the Veneziano amplitude. Physical Review Letters. 1969, 23 (10): 545–547. Bibcode:1969PhRvL..23..545S. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.23.545.
Susskind, L. Structure of hadrons implied by duality. Physical Review D. 1970, 1 (4): 1182–1186. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...1.1182S. doi:10.1103/physrevd.1.1182.
Ramond, P. Dual Theory for Free Fermions. Phys. Rev. D. 1971, 3 (10): 2415. Bibcode:1971PhRvD...3.2415R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.3.2415.
Neveu, A.; Schwarz, J. Tachyon-free dual model with a positive-intercept trajectory. Physics Letters. 1971, 34B (6): 517–518. Bibcode:1971PhLB...34..517N. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(71)90669-1.
Scherk, J.; Schwarz, J. Dual models for non-hadrons. Nuclear Physics B. 1974, 81 (1): 118–144. Bibcode:1974NuPhB..81..118S. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(74)90010-8.
Yoneya, T. Connection of dual models to electrodynamics and gravidynamics. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1974, 51 (6): 1907–1920. Bibcode:1974PThPh..51.1907Y. doi:10.1143/ptp.51.1907 .
Lovelace, Claud, Pomeron form factors and dual Regge cuts, Physics Letters B, 1971, 34 (6): 500–506, Bibcode:1971PhLB...34..500L, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(71)90665-4 .
J. L. Gervais and B. Sakita worked on the two-dimensional case in which they use the concept of "supergauge," taken from Ramond, Neveu, and Schwarz's work on dual models: Gervais, J.-L.; Sakita, B. Field theory interpretation of supergauges in dual models. Nuclear Physics B. 1971, 34 (2): 632–639. Bibcode:1971NuPhB..34..632G. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(71)90351-8.
Gliozzi, F.; Scherk, J.; Olive, D. I. Supersymmetry, Supergravity Theories and the Dual Spinor Model. Nucl. Phys. B. 1977, 122 (2): 253. Bibcode:1977NuPhB.122..253G. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(77)90206-1.
Green, M. B.; Schwarz, J. H. Anomaly cancellations in supersymmetric D = 10 gauge theory and superstring theory. Physics Letters B. 1984, 149 (1–3): 117–122. Bibcode:1984PhLB..149..117G. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(84)91565-X.
Gross, D. J.; Harvey, J. A.; Martinec, E.; Rohm, R. Heterotic string. Physical Review Letters. 1985, 54 (6): 502–505. Bibcode:1985PhRvL..54..502G. PMID 10031535. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.54.502.
Schwarz, J. H. Physical states and pomeron poles in the dual pion model. Nuclear Physics B. 1972, 46 (1): 61–74. Bibcode:1972NuPhB..46...61S. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(72)90201-5.
Candelas, P.; Horowitz, G.; Strominger, A.; Witten, E. Vacuum configurations for superstrings. Nuclear Physics B. 1985, 258: 46–74. Bibcode:1985NuPhB.258...46C. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90602-9.
It was Edward Witten who observed that the theory must be an 11-dimensional one in Witten, Edward. String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 443 (1): 85–126. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.443...85W. S2CID 16790997. arXiv:hep-th/9503124 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00158-O.
Duff, Michael. The theory formerly known as strings. Scientific American. 1998, 278 (2): 64–9. Bibcode:1998SciAm.278b..64D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-64.
Polchinski, J. Dirichlet branes and Ramond-Ramond charges. Physical Review D. 1995, 50 (10): R6041–R6045. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.4724P. PMID 10059981. S2CID 4671529. arXiv:hep-th/9510017 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4724.
Maldacena, Juan. The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. 1998, 2 (4): 231–252. Bibcode:1998AdTMP...2..231M. arXiv:hep-th/9711200 . doi:10.4310/ATMP.1998.V2.N2.A1.
Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）. (p. 63.)
Kachru, Shamit; Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei; Trivedi, Sandip P. de Sitter Vacua in String Theory. Physical Review D. 2003, 68 (4): 046005. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68d6005K. S2CID 119482182. arXiv:hep-th/0301240 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046005.

ias.edu

sns.ias.edu

Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）. (p. 63.)

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kaiser, D. Nuclear democracy: Political engagement, pedagogical reform, and particle physics in postwar America. Isis. 2002, 93 (2): 229–268 [2022-06-18]. PMID 12198794. S2CID 28620266. doi:10.1086/344960. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.
Gross, D. J.; Harvey, J. A.; Martinec, E.; Rohm, R. Heterotic string. Physical Review Letters. 1985, 54 (6): 502–505. Bibcode:1985PhRvL..54..502G. PMID 10031535. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.54.502.
Polchinski, J. Dirichlet branes and Ramond-Ramond charges. Physical Review D. 1995, 50 (10): R6041–R6045. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.4724P. PMID 10059981. S2CID 4671529. arXiv:hep-th/9510017 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4724.
Maldacena, Juan. The Illusion of Gravity (PDF). Scientific American. 2005, 293 (5): 56–63. Bibcode:2005SciAm.293e..56M. PMID 16318027. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1105-56. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-11-10）. (p. 63.)

pbs.org

When Witten named it M-theory, he did not specify what the "M" stood for, presumably because he did not feel he had the right to name a theory he had not been able to fully describe. The "M" sometimes is said to stand for Mystery, or Magic, or Mother. More serious suggestions include Matrix or Membrane. Sheldon Glashow has noted that the "M" might be an upside down "W", standing for Witten. Others have suggested that the "M" in M-theory should stand for Missing, Monstrous or even Murky. According to Witten himself, as quoted in the PBS documentary （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） based on Brian Greene's The Elegant Universe, the "M" in M-theory stands for "magic, mystery, or matrix according to taste."

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Heisenberg, W. Die "beobachtbaren Größen" in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. Zeitschrift für Physik. 1943, 120 (7): 513–538. Bibcode:1943ZPhy..120..513H. S2CID 120706757. doi:10.1007/bf01329800.
Wheeler, John Archibald. On the Mathematical Description of Light Nuclei by the Method of Resonating Group Structure. Phys. Rev. 1937, 52 (11): 1107–1122 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52.1107W. S2CID 55071722. doi:10.1103/physrev.52.1107. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.
Kaiser, D. Nuclear democracy: Political engagement, pedagogical reform, and particle physics in postwar America. Isis. 2002, 93 (2): 229–268 [2022-06-18]. PMID 12198794. S2CID 28620266. doi:10.1086/344960. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.
Veneziano, G. Construction of a crossing-symmetric, Reggeon-behaved amplitude for linearly rising trajectories. Il Nuovo Cimento A. 1968, 57 (1): 190–197 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1968NCimA..57..190V. S2CID 121211496. doi:10.1007/BF02824451. （原始内容存档于2022-05-19）.
It was Edward Witten who observed that the theory must be an 11-dimensional one in Witten, Edward. String theory dynamics in various dimensions. Nuclear Physics B. 1995, 443 (1): 85–126. Bibcode:1995NuPhB.443...85W. S2CID 16790997. arXiv:hep-th/9503124 . doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00158-O.
Polchinski, J. Dirichlet branes and Ramond-Ramond charges. Physical Review D. 1995, 50 (10): R6041–R6045. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.4724P. PMID 10059981. S2CID 4671529. arXiv:hep-th/9510017 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4724.
Kachru, Shamit; Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei; Trivedi, Sandip P. de Sitter Vacua in String Theory. Physical Review D. 2003, 68 (4): 046005. Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68d6005K. S2CID 119482182. arXiv:hep-th/0301240 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046005.

semanticscholar.org

Wheeler, John Archibald. On the Mathematical Description of Light Nuclei by the Method of Resonating Group Structure. Phys. Rev. 1937, 52 (11): 1107–1122 [2022-06-18]. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52.1107W. S2CID 55071722. doi:10.1103/physrev.52.1107. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.
Kaiser, D. Nuclear democracy: Political engagement, pedagogical reform, and particle physics in postwar America. Isis. 2002, 93 (2): 229–268 [2022-06-18]. PMID 12198794. S2CID 28620266. doi:10.1086/344960. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01）.

web.archive.org

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This was demonstrated in Nahm, Werner, "Supersymmetries and their representations". Nuclear Physics B 135 no 1 (1978) pp 149-166, doi:10.1016/0550-3213(78)90218-3 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
When Witten named it M-theory, he did not specify what the "M" stood for, presumably because he did not feel he had the right to name a theory he had not been able to fully describe. The "M" sometimes is said to stand for Mystery, or Magic, or Mother. More serious suggestions include Matrix or Membrane. Sheldon Glashow has noted that the "M" might be an upside down "W", standing for Witten. Others have suggested that the "M" in M-theory should stand for Missing, Monstrous or even Murky. According to Witten himself, as quoted in the PBS documentary （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） based on Brian Greene's The Elegant Universe, the "M" in M-theory stands for "magic, mystery, or matrix according to taste."
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