Booker, M. Keith.Monsters, Mushroom Clouds, and the Cold War: American Science Fiction and the Roots of Postmodernism, 1946-1964. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2001. pp. 34-38. "Numerous critics have noticed the parallels between Marx's and Seldon's visions of history." Among the critics Booker discusses regarding the connection between Marxism and psychohistory are: 詹姆斯·岡恩, 唐纳德·沃尔海姆（英语：Donald Wollheim）, and Charles Elkins.
