性交 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "性交" in Chinese language version.

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ahdictionary.com

Copulation. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011 [2013-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-13）.

ajpmonline.org

Chin HB, Sipe TA, Elder R, Mercer SL, Chattopadhyay SK, Jacob V, Wethington HR, Kirby D, Elliston DB, Griffith M, Chuke SO, Briss SC, Ericksen I, Galbraith JS, Herbst JH, Johnson RL, Kraft JM, Noar SM, Romero LM, Santelli J. The Effectiveness of Group-Based Comprehensive Risk-Reduction and Abstinence Education Interventions to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Pregnancy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2012, 42 (3): 272–294 [2017-04-10]. PMID 22341164. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.006. （原始内容存档于2020-01-02）.

americanpregnancy.org

Dr. Philip B. Imler & David Wilbanks. The Essential Guide to Getting Pregnant (PDF). American Pregnancy Association. [2018-05-06]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-06-01）.

amnesty.org

Amnesty International Report 2014/15. amnesty.org. 2014 [2015-08-31]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-04）.

amnesty.se

www2.amnesty.se

PUBLIC AI Index: MDE 13/010/2008. UA 17/08 Fear of imminent execution/ flogging. Amnesty International. [2013-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）.

archive.org

Joseph A. Flaherty; John Marcell Davis; Philip G. Janicak. Psychiatry: Diagnosis & therapy. A Lange clinical manual. Appleton & Lange (Original from Northwestern University). 1993: 544. ISBN 0-8385-1267-4. The amount of time of sexual arousal needed to reach orgasm is variable — and usually much longer — in women than in men; thus, only 20–30% of women attain a coital climax. b. Many women (70–80%) require manual clitoral stimulation...
Kammerer-Doak D, Rogers RG. Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2008-06, 35 (2): 169–183. PMID 18486835. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2008.03.006. Most women report the inability to achieve orgasm with vaginal intercourse and require direct clitoral stimulation ... About 20% have coital climaxes...
Hurlbert DF, Apt C. The coital alignment technique and directed masturbation: a comparative study on female orgasm. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 1995, 21 (1): 21–29. PMID 7608994. doi:10.1080/00926239508405968.
Dunson, D.B.; Baird, D.D.; Wilcox, A.J.; Weinberg, C.R. Day-specific probabilities of clinical pregnancy based on two studies with imperfect measures of ovulation. Human Reproduction. 1999, 14 (7): 1835–1839. ISSN 1460-2350. doi:10.1093/humrep/14.7.1835.
Weschler, Toni. Taking Charge of Your Fertility Revised. New York: HarperCollins. 2002: 242、359–361. ISBN 0-06-093764-5.
Berkowitz D, Marsiglio W. Gay Men: Negotiating Procreative, Father, and Family Identities. Journal of Marriage and Family. 2007, 69 (2): 366–381. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00371.x.
Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE. Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders. Sydor A, Brown RY (编). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 364–365, 375. ISBN 9780071481274. The defining feature of addiction is compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. ...
compulsive eating, shopping, gambling, and sex–so-called "natural addictions"– ... Indeed, addiction to both drugs and behavioral rewards may arise from similar dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Guilleminault, Christian; Miglis, Mitchell. Kleine-Levin syndrome: a review. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2014: 19. ISSN 1179-1608. doi:10.2147/NSS.S44750.
Ponton, Lynn. The Sex Lives of Teenagers. Dutton Publishing. 2000: 3. ISBN 978-0-452-28260-5.
Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Siebenbruner J, Collins WA. A prospective study of intraindividual and peer influences on adolescents' heterosexual romantic and sexual behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2004, 33 (4): 381–394. PMID 15162084. doi:10.1023/B:ASEB.0000028891.16654.2c.
William N. Eskridge Jr. Dishonorable Passs: Sodomy Laws in America, 1861–2003. Viking Adult. 2008. ISBN 0-670-01862-7.
Noelle N. R. Quenivet. Sexual Offenses in Armed Conflict & International Law. Hotei Publishing. 2005. ISBN 1-57105-341-7.
Smith, ed. by Merril D. Encyclopedia of rape 1. publ. Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Greenwood Press. 2004: 169–170. ISBN 978-0-313-32687-5.
Seto, MC; Barbaree HE. Paraphilias. Hersen M; Van Hasselt VB (编). Aggression and violence: an introductory text. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 2000: 198–213. ISBN 0-205-26721-1.
Regan, Tom. Animal Rights, Human Wrongs. Rowman & Littlefield. 2003: 63–4, 89.
Janet Afary. Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 0-521-89846-3.
Kenneth E. Bowers. God Speaks Again: An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith. Baha'i Publishing. 2004. ISBN 1-931847-12-6.
John A. Buehrens; Forrest Church. A Chosen Faith: An Introduction to Unitarian Universalism. Beacon Press. 1998. ISBN 0-8070-1617-9.
Barrett, David V. The New Believers. Cassell & Co. 2001: 265. ISBN 0-304-35592-5.
William Skudlarek. Demythologizing Celibacy: Practical Wisdom from Christian and Buddhist Monasticism. Liturgical Press. 2008. ISBN 0-8146-2947-4.
Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S. & Barnes, R.D. Chelicerata: Araneae. Invertebrate Zoology 7th. Brooks/Cole. 2004: 571–584. ISBN 0-03-025982-7.

archive.today

ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. icd.who.int. [2018-11-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-01）（英语）.

auanet.org

Guideline on the pharmacologic management of premature ejaculation (PDF). American Urological Association. 2004 [2013-10-12]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

O'Connell HE, Sanjeevan KV, Hutson JM. Anatomy of the clitoris. The Journal of Urology. 2005-10, 174 (4 Pt 1): 1189–95. PMID 16145367. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000173639.38898.cd. （原始内容存档于2019-09-09）使用|archiveurl=需要含有|url= (帮助). 简明摘要 – BBC News (2006-06-11).

bbc.com

Can Iran 'control' its cohabiting couples?. BBC News. 2014-12-10 [2015-08-31]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-18）.

books.google.com

Wayne Weiten; Margaret A. Lloyd; Dana S. Dunn; Elizabeth Yost Hammer. Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. Cengage Learning. 2008: 422–423 [2012-01-05]. ISBN 0495553395. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Vaginal intercourse, known more technically as coitus, involves inserting the penis into the vagina and (typically) pelvic thrusting. ... The man-above, or "missionary," position is the most common sex position.
Sandra Alters; Wendy Schiff. Essential Concepts for Healthy Living. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2012: 180–181 [2013-08-31]. ISBN 1449630626. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Most heterosexuals are familiar with the notion of 'having sex' or sexual intercourse as vaginal sex, the insertion of a penis into a vagina. Vaginal sex, or coitus, is the most common and popular form of intimate sexual activity between partners.
Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. Comprehensive Textbook of Sexual Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112 [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
Virginia Rutter; Pepper Schwartz. The Gender of Sexuality: Exploring Sexual Possibilities. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2011: 76 [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0742570053. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
Laura Freberg. Discovering Biological Psychology. Cengage Learning. 2009: 308–310 [2016-01-09]. ISBN 0547177798. （原始内容存档于2016-05-06）.
Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196 [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
參見第11頁（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）以及第47-49頁（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（有关如何界定「失貞」及性交和性活動的觀点、男同性戀者和女同性戀者如何定義失貞，以及有多少研究人員和異性戀者按有否進行陰莖－陰道交定義失貞的信息）Laura M. Carpenter. Virginity Lost: An Intimate Portrait of First Sexual Experiences. NYU Press. 2005: 295 pages [2011-10-09]. ISBN 0-8147-1652-0.
*Sexual Intercourse. Discovery.com. [2008-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-22）.
- Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. Comprehensive Textbook of Sexual Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112 [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
- *Ann O'Leary. Beyond Condoms: Alternative Approaches to HIV Prevention. Springer. 2002: 155 [2013-08-21]. ISBN 0306467313. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
  - Paula Kamen. Her Way: Young Women Remake the Sexual Revolution. New York University Press. 2000: 74–77 [2012-09-05]. ISBN 0814747337.
  - Ada P. Kahn; Jan Fawcett. The Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Infobase Publishing. 2008: 111 [2012-09-05]. ISBN 0816064547.
  - Dianne Hales. An Invitation to Health Brief 2010–2011. Cengage Learning. 2008: 269–271 [2013-08-29]. ISBN 0495391921. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
  - Bhushan Kumar; Somesh Gupta. Sexually Transmitted Infections. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 237 [2014-12-06]. ISBN 8131229785. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）.
  - Bryan Strong; Christine DeVault; Theodore F. Cohen. The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationship in a Changing Society. Cengage Learning. 2010: 186 [2011-10-08]. ISBN 0-534-62425-1. Most people agree that we maintain virginity as long as we refrain from sexual (vaginal) intercourse. But occasionally we hear people speak of 'technical virginity' [...] Data indicate that 'a very significant proportion of teens ha[ve] had experience with oral sex, even if they haven't had sexual intercourse, and may think of themselves as virgins' [...] Other research, especially research looking into virginity loss, reports that 35% of virgins, defined as people who have never engaged in vaginal intercourse, have nonetheless engaged in one or more other forms of heterosexual sexual activity (e.g., oral sex, anal sex, or mutual masturbation).
  - Michael Kent. Advanced biology. Oxford University Press. 2000: 250–253 [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0199141959. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
  - Showick Thorpe; Edgar Thorpe. The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e. Pearson Education India. 2009: 1.79 [2015-10-21]. ISBN 8131721337. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
  - *Diamond, Jared. The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee. Radius. 1991: 360 pages [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0091742684. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
    - de Waal, Frans. Bonobo Sex and Society. Scientific American. 1995: 82–86.
    - Diamond, Jared. The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee. Radius. 1991: 360 pages [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0091742684. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
    - Balcombe, Jonathan. Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good. Palgrave Macmillan. 2006: 106–118 [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0230552277. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
    - *Coitus. Merriam-Webster. [2012-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-14）.
      - Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. Comprehensive Textbook of Sexual Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112 [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
      - 參見第302頁（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（有关性高潮的信息）以及第285-286頁（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）（有关性交的定義、盛行率和持續時間的信息。） Janell L. Carroll. Discovery Series: Human Sexuality 1st. Cengage Learning. 2012: 656 [2013-08-25]. ISBN 1111841896. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
      - Harvey B. Milkman; Kenneth W. Wanberg. Pathways to Self-Discovery and Change: Criminal Conduct and Substance Abuse Treatment for Adolescents. SAGE. 2004: 254–255 [2013-09-06]. ISBN 1412906148. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
      - Human Kinetics. Health and Wellness for Life. Human Kinetics. 2009: 207 [2013-10-11]. ISBN 0736068503. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
      - Edward M. Barrows. Animal Behavior Desk Reference: A Dictionary of Animal Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. Taylor & Francis. 2011: 122–124 [2013-08-25]. ISBN 1439836515. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
      - *Ken Plummer. Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experiences. Routledge. 2002: 187–191 [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2014-07-08）. [S]ome sexual practices are regarded as inherently better (normal, natural, more satisfying) than others, with vaginal intercourse privileged as the 'Real Thing.' Such beliefs, influenced by views about sex as ultimately a reproductive function, continue to be perpetuated through discourses on sex despite a number of important contradictions.
        Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196 [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
        *Sexual Intercourse. Discovery.com. [2008-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-22）.
        Harvey B. Milkman; Kenneth W. Wanberg. Pathways to Self-Discovery and Change: Criminal Conduct and Substance Abuse Treatment for Adolescents. SAGE. 2004: 254–255 [2013-09-06]. ISBN 1412906148. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
        *Ken Plummer. Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experiences. Routledge. 2002: 187–191 [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）. The social construction of 'sex' as vaginal intercourse affects how other forms of sexual activity are evaluated as sexually satisfying or arousing; in some cases whether an activity is seen as a sexual act at all. For example, unless a woman has been penetrated by a man's penis she is still technically a virgin even if she has had lots of sexual experience.
        Randall, H. E. & Byers, S. E. What is sex? Students' definitions of having sex, sexual partner, and unfaithful sexual behaviour. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 2003, 12: 87–96. Recently, researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have investigated university students' definitions of having sex. These studies found that students differ in their opinions of what sexual behaviours constitute having sex (Pitts & Rahman, 2001; Richters & Song, 1999; Sanders & Reinisch, 1999). While the vast majority of respondents (more than 97%) in these three studies included penile–vaginal intercourse in their definition of sex, fewer (between 70% and 90%) respondents considered penile-anal intercourse to constitute having sex. Oral-genital behaviours were defined as sex by between 32% and 58% of respondents.
        Joseph Gross, Michael. Like a Virgin. The Advocate/Here Publishing. 2003: 44–45 [2011-03-13]. 0001-8996.
        Dolby, Tom. Why Some Gay Men Don't Go All The Way. Out. 2004-02: 76–77 [2011-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
        Karen Bouris. What Parents and Teenage Girls Should Know about "Losing Your Virginity". Conari Press. 1995: 133–134 [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0-943233-93-3.
        Wayne Weiten; Dana S. Dunn; Elizabeth Yost Hammer. Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. Cengage Learning. 2016: 349 [2017-12-27]. ISBN 0-7637-4148-5. 1305968476. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
        Jerrold S. Greenberg; Clint E. Bruess; Sarah C. Conklin. Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2007: 429 [2010-12-19]. ISBN 0-7637-4148-5. 9780763741488. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
        *Richard D. McAnulty; M. Michele Burnette. Exploring Human Sexuality: Making Healthy Decisions. Allyn & Bacon. 2003: 229. ISBN 020538059X. 9780763741488.
        Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196 [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
        Ken Plummer. Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experiences. Routledge. 2002: 187–191 [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）. [S]ome sexual practices are regarded as inherently better (normal, natural, more satisfying) than others, with vaginal intercourse privileged as the 'Real Thing.' Such beliefs, influenced by views about sex as ultimately a reproductive function, continue to be perpetuated through discourses on sex despite a number of important contradictions.
        Andrew Baum; Tracey A. A. Revenson; Jerome Singer. Handbook of Health Psychology 2nd. Psychology Press. 2012: 259–260 [2013-04-30]. ISBN 080586461X. （原始内容存档于2014-01-08）.
        Arthur G. Miller. Perspectives on Evil and Violence. Psychology Press. 1999: 240 [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0805897844. （原始内容存档于2014-01-08）. Many people consider penile–vaginal intercourse the only form of 'real' sex.
        Pamela J. Kalbfleisch; Michael J. Cody. Gender Power and Communication in Human Relationships. Routledge. 2012: 153 [2013-04-30]. ISBN 1136480501. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
        Michael R Kauth. True Nature: A Theory of Sexual Attraction. Springer. 2000: 74 [2012-08-30]. ISBN 0306463903. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
        Jonathan Engel. The Epidemic: A History of Aids. HarperCollins. 2009: 242 [2013-08-30]. ISBN 0061856762. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Many men simply did not like the feel of condoms, or associated them with emasculation. They say, 'Unless it's flesh on flesh, it's not real sex...
        Naomi N. Wekwete. Adolescent Pregnancy Challenges in the Era of HIV and AIDS: A Case Study of a Selected Rural Area in Zimbabwe. African Books Collective. 2010: 49 [2013-08-30]. ISBN 9994455486. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
        Harry T. Reis; Susan Sprecher; Susan K. Sprecher. Encyclopedia of Human Relationships 1. SAGE. 2009: 541–543 [2017-04-03]. ISBN 1412958466. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.
        Keath Roberts. Sex. Lotus Press. 2006: 145 [2012-08-17]. ISBN 8189093592.
        Taormino, Tristan. The Big Book of Sex Toys. Quiver. 2009: 52 [2014-06-09]. ISBN 978-1-59233-355-4. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
        Wayne Weiten; Dana S. Dunn; Elizabeth Yost Hammer. Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. Cengage Learning. 2011: 384–386 [2012-01-05]. ISBN 1-111-18663-4.
        Sandra Alters; Wendy Schiff. Essential Concepts for Healthy Living Update. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2011: 154 [2014-12-09]. ISBN 144965374X. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）.
        Cecie Starr; Beverly McMillan. Human Biology. Cengage Learning. 2008: 314 [2013-04-30]. ISBN 0495561819. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
        Elisabeth Anne Lloyd. The case of the female orgasm: bias in the science of evolution. Harvard University Press. 2005: 53 [2012-01-05]. ISBN 0-674-01706-4. （原始内容存档于2013-06-15）.
        Barry R. Komisaruk; Beverly Whipple; Sara Nasserzadeh; Carlos Beyer-Flores. The Orgasm Answer Guide. JHU Press. 2009: 108–109 [2011-11-06]. ISBN 0-8018-9396-8. （原始内容存档于2013-05-27）.
        Paula Kamen. Her Way: Young Women Remake the Sexual Revolution. New York University Press. 2000: 74–77 [2012-09-05]. ISBN 0814747337.
        Hite, Shere. The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality. New York, NY: Seven Stories Press. 2003: 512 [2012-03-02]. ISBN 1-58322-569-2.
        Carroll, Janell L. Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Cengage Learning. 2009: 118、252、264 [2012-06-23]. ISBN 978-0-495-60274-3.
        Richard Evan Jones; Kristin H. López. Human Reproductive Biology. Academic Press. 2006: 604 [2012-11-08]. ISBN 0120884658.
        Cecie Starr; Beverly McMillan. Human Biology. Cengage Learning. 2015: 339 [2017-12-27]. ISBN 1305445945.
        James Bobick; Naomi Balaban. The Handy Anatomy Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. 2008: 306–307 [2013-08-21]. ISBN 157859328X. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
        R.K. Sharma. Concise Textbook Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. Elsevier India. 2007: 113–116 [2013-10-13]. ISBN 8131211452. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
        Mosby, Marie T. O'Toole. Mosby's Medical Dictionary. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013: 138 [2013-10-13]. ISBN 0323112587. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
        Joan M. Burda. Gay, lesbian, and transgender clients: a lawyer's guide. American Bar Association. 2008: 69–74 [2011-07-28]. ISBN 1-59031-944-3.
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        Robert Crooks; Karla Baur. Our Sexuality. Cengage Learning. 2010: 286–289 [2012-08-30]. ISBN 0495812943. Noncoital forms of sexual intimacy, which have been called outercourse, can be a viable form of birth control. Outercourse includes all avenues of sexual intimacy other than penile–vaginal intercourse, including kissing, touching, mutual masturbation, and oral and anal sex.
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*Ken Plummer. Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experiences. Routledge. 2002: 187–191 [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）. The social construction of 'sex' as vaginal intercourse affects how other forms of sexual activity are evaluated as sexually satisfying or arousing; in some cases whether an activity is seen as a sexual act at all. For example, unless a woman has been penetrated by a man's penis she is still technically a virgin even if she has had lots of sexual experience.
- Randall, H. E. & Byers, S. E. What is sex? Students' definitions of having sex, sexual partner, and unfaithful sexual behaviour. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 2003, 12: 87–96. Recently, researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have investigated university students' definitions of having sex. These studies found that students differ in their opinions of what sexual behaviours constitute having sex (Pitts & Rahman, 2001; Richters & Song, 1999; Sanders & Reinisch, 1999). While the vast majority of respondents (more than 97%) in these three studies included penile–vaginal intercourse in their definition of sex, fewer (between 70% and 90%) respondents considered penile-anal intercourse to constitute having sex. Oral-genital behaviours were defined as sex by between 32% and 58% of respondents.

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Sandra Alters; Wendy Schiff. Essential Concepts for Healthy Living. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2012: 180–181 [2013-08-31]. ISBN 1449630626. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Most heterosexuals are familiar with the notion of 'having sex' or sexual intercourse as vaginal sex, the insertion of a penis into a vagina. Vaginal sex, or coitus, is the most common and popular form of intimate sexual activity between partners.
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Sexual intercourse most commonly means penile–vaginal penetration for sexual pleasure and/or sexual reproduction; dictionary sources state that it especially means this, and scholarly sources over the years agree. See, for example;
- Sexual intercourse. Merriam-Webster. [2014-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-08）.
- Sexual Intercourse. Discovery.com. [2008-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-22）.
- Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. Comprehensive Textbook of Sexual Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112 [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
- Virginia Rutter; Pepper Schwartz. The Gender of Sexuality: Exploring Sexual Possibilities. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2011: 76 [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0742570053. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
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- Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196 [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
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        Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196 [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
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        Ken Plummer. Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experiences. Routledge. 2002: 187–191 [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）. [S]ome sexual practices are regarded as inherently better (normal, natural, more satisfying) than others, with vaginal intercourse privileged as the 'Real Thing.' Such beliefs, influenced by views about sex as ultimately a reproductive function, continue to be perpetuated through discourses on sex despite a number of important contradictions.
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