慢性阻塞性肺病 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "慢性阻塞性肺病" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

35web.archive.org

1^st place

21doi.org

2^nd place

23^rd place

20nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

19worldcat.org

5^th place

12^th place

7google.ca

838^th place

259^th place

3who.int

195^th place

179^th place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

8^th place

3atsjournals.org

low place

2goldcopd.org

low place

2thieme-connect.de

low place

5,081^st place

2tspccm.org.tw

low place

2biomedcentral.com

2,747^th place

1,988^th place

2plos.org

2,112^th place

1,419^th place

1thelancet.com

2,393^rd place

1,199^th place

1tandfonline.com

507^th place

610^th place

1wikipedia.org

low place

1nice.org.uk

3,258^th place

2,433^rd place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

216^th place

1ebmedicine.net

low place

6,916^th place

1sagepub.com

731^st place

808^th place

1mdpi.com

2,912^th place

2,995^th place

1hpa.gov.tw

low place

2,026^th place

atsjournals.org

Rabe, Klaus F.; Hurd, Suzanne; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Buist, Sonia A.; Calverley, Peter; Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke; Jenkins, Christine; Rodriguez-Roisin, Roberto; van Weel, Chris; Zielinski, Jan. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007-09-15, 176 (6) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17507545. doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）（英语）.
Vestbo, Jørgen; Hurd, Suzanne S.; Agustí, Alvar G.; Jones, Paul W.; Vogelmeier, Claus; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Fabbri, Leonardo M.; Martinez, Fernando J.; Nishimura, Masaharu; Stockley, Robert A. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2013-02-15, 187 (4) [2021-10-03]. ISSN 1073-449X. doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP. （原始内容存档于2022-07-09）.

pats.atsjournals.org

Mahler, D. A. Mechanisms and Measurement of Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2006-05-01, 3 (3). ISSN 1546-3222. PMID 16636091. doi:10.1513/pats.200509-103SF （英语）.

biomedcentral.com

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com

Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-12, 20 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8. （原始内容存档于2022-11-30）（英语）.

copdrp.biomedcentral.com

Roversi, Sara; Corbetta, Lorenzo; Clini, Enrico. GOLD 2017 recommendations for COPD patients: toward a more personalized approach. COPD Research and Practice. 2017-12, 3 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 2054-9040. doi:10.1186/s40749-017-0024-y. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）（英语）.

books.google.com

Craig, John A. Ferri's netter patient advisor 2nd. Saunders. 2012: 913. ISBN 9781455728268. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
Lomborg, Bjørn. Global problems, local solutions : costs and benefits. Cambridge University Press. 2013: 143. ISBN 978-1-107-03959-9. （原始内容存档于2016-05-17）.
Anita Sharma ; with a contribution by David Pitchforth ; forewords by Gail Richards; Barclay， Joyce. COPD in primary care. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub. 2010: 9 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-84619-316-3. （原始内容存档于2014-09-29）.

doi.org

Decramer, Marc; Janssens, Wim; Miravitlles, Marc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet. 2012-04-07, 379 (9823) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7172377 . PMID 22314182. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9. （原始内容存档于2013-08-07）（英语）.
Nathell, Lennart; Nathell, Madelene; Malmberg, Per; Larsson, Kjell. COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques. Respiratory Research. 2007-12-04, 8 [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1465-993X. PMC 2217523 . PMID 18053200. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-89. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Rabe, Klaus F.; Hurd, Suzanne; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Buist, Sonia A.; Calverley, Peter; Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke; Jenkins, Christine; Rodriguez-Roisin, Roberto; van Weel, Chris; Zielinski, Jan. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007-09-15, 176 (6) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17507545. doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）（英语）.
Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-12, 20 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8. （原始内容存档于2022-11-30）（英语）.
Roversi, Sara; Corbetta, Lorenzo; Clini, Enrico. GOLD 2017 recommendations for COPD patients: toward a more personalized approach. COPD Research and Practice. 2017-12, 3 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 2054-9040. doi:10.1186/s40749-017-0024-y. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）（英语）.
Wurst, Keele E.; Shukla, Amit; Muellerova, Hana; Davis, Kourtney J. Respiratory Pharmacotherapy Use in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Primary Care Setting in the UK: A Retrospective Cohort Study. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2014-09, 11 (5): 521–530 [2020-04-08]. ISSN 1541-2555. doi:10.3109/15412555.2014.922064. （原始内容存档于2020-08-05）（英语）.
Lee, Jung Yeon; Chon, Gyu Rak; Rhee, Chin Kook; Kim, Deog Kyeom; Yoon, Hyoung Kyu; Lee, Jin Hwa; Yoo, Kwang Ha; Lee, Sang Haak; Lee, Sang Yeub. Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the First Visit to a Pulmonary Medical Center in Korea: The KOrea COpd Subgroup Study Team Cohort. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2016, 31 (4): 553. ISSN 1011-8934. doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.553.
Vestbo, Jørgen; Hurd, Suzanne S.; Agustí, Alvar G.; Jones, Paul W.; Vogelmeier, Claus; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Fabbri, Leonardo M.; Martinez, Fernando J.; Nishimura, Masaharu; Stockley, Robert A. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2013-02-15, 187 (4) [2021-10-03]. ISSN 1073-449X. doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP. （原始内容存档于2022-07-09）.
Ho, Te-Wei; Tsai, Yi-Ju; Ruan, Sheng-Yuan; Huang, Chun-Ta; Lai, Feipei; Yu, Chong-Jen; Group, The HINT Study. In-Hospital and One-Year Mortality and Their Predictors in Patients Hospitalized for First-Ever Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLOS ONE. 2014-12-09, 9 (12) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4260959 . PMID 25490399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114866. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Pirozzi, Cheryl; Scholand, Mary Beth. Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2012-07, 96 (4) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 22793948. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-09-11, 20 (1): 241. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8.
Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. November 2006, 3 (11): e442. PMC 1664601 . PMID 17132052. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442. ^{[失效連結]}
Tabyshova, Aizhamal; Hurst, John R.; Soriano, Joan B.; Checkley, William; Wan-Chun Huang, Erick; Trofor, Antigona C.; Flores-Flores, Oscar; Alupo, Patricia; Gianella, Gonzalo. Gaps in COPD Guidelines of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review. Chest. 2021-02, 159 (2): 575–584 [2021-10-28]. ISSN 1931-3543. PMC 7856534 . PMID 33038390. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.260. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.
Mahler, D. A. Mechanisms and Measurement of Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2006-05-01, 3 (3). ISSN 1546-3222. PMID 16636091. doi:10.1513/pats.200509-103SF （英语）.
Holland, Anne E; Hill, Catherine J; Jones, Alice Y; McDonald, Christine F. Cochrane Airways Group , 编. Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-10-17. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 23076942. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008250.pub2 （英语）.
Weitzenblum, E; Chaouat, A. Cor pulmonale. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2009-08, 6 (3) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1479-9731. PMID 19643833. doi:10.1177/1479972309104664. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Brulotte, Cory A.; Lang, Eddy S. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2012-05, 30 (2) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1558-0539. PMID 22487106. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.005. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael. Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009-01, 6 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326 . PMID 19440278. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. （原始内容存档于2023-03-07）（英语）.
GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.

dx.doi.org

Lee, Jung Yeon; Chon, Gyu Rak; Rhee, Chin Kook; Kim, Deog Kyeom; Yoon, Hyoung Kyu; Lee, Jin Hwa; Yoo, Kwang Ha; Lee, Sang Haak; Lee, Sang Yeub. Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the First Visit to a Pulmonary Medical Center in Korea: The KOrea COpd Subgroup Study Team Cohort. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2016, 31 (4): 553. ISSN 1011-8934. doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.553.

ebmedicine.net

Gruber, Phillip. The Acute Presentation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In the Emergency Department: A Challenging Oxymoron. Emergency Medicine Practice. November 2008, 10 (11) [2015-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-05）.

goldcopd.org

Algusti, Alvar G.; et al. Definition and Overview. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). 2017: 6–17 [2018-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
Vestbo, Jørgen. Diagnosis and Assessment (PDF). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis， Management， and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 2013: 9–17. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-04）.

google.ca

books.google.ca

Morrison, [edited by] Nathan E. Goldstein， R. Sean. Evidence-based practice of palliative medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. 2013: 124 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-4377-3796-7. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Cor pulmonale. Professional guide to diseases 9th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009: 120–2 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-7817-7899-2. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Mandell, editors， James K. Stoller， Franklin A. Michota， Jr.， Brian F. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation intensive review of internal medicine 5th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009: 419 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-7817-9079-6. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Spiro, Stephen. Clinical respiratory medicine expert consult 4th. Philadelphia， PA: Saunders. 2012: Chapter 43 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-4557-2329-4. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Ward, Helen. Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians. Oxford University Press. 2012: 289–290 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-19-165478-7. （原始内容存档于2014-10-10）.
Rennard, Stephen. Clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2nd. New York: Informa Healthcare. 2013: 23 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-8493-7588-0. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Goldman, Lee. Goldman's Cecil medicine 24th. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. 2012: 537 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-4377-1604-7. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.

hpa.gov.tw

國健署一分鐘登階檢測. [2021-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-20）.

mdpi.com

Laniado-Laborín, Rafael. Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009-01, 6 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326 . PMID 19440278. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. （原始内容存档于2023-03-07）（英语）.

nice.org.uk

guidance.nice.org.uk

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence（英语：National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence）. Clinical guideline 101: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. London, June 2010.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Decramer, Marc; Janssens, Wim; Miravitlles, Marc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet. 2012-04-07, 379 (9823) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7172377 . PMID 22314182. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9. （原始内容存档于2013-08-07）（英语）.
Nathell, Lennart; Nathell, Madelene; Malmberg, Per; Larsson, Kjell. COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques. Respiratory Research. 2007-12-04, 8 [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1465-993X. PMC 2217523 . PMID 18053200. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-89. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Rabe, Klaus F.; Hurd, Suzanne; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Buist, Sonia A.; Calverley, Peter; Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke; Jenkins, Christine; Rodriguez-Roisin, Roberto; van Weel, Chris; Zielinski, Jan. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007-09-15, 176 (6) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17507545. doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）（英语）.
Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-12, 20 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8. （原始内容存档于2022-11-30）（英语）.
Ho, Te-Wei; Tsai, Yi-Ju; Ruan, Sheng-Yuan; Huang, Chun-Ta; Lai, Feipei; Yu, Chong-Jen; Group, The HINT Study. In-Hospital and One-Year Mortality and Their Predictors in Patients Hospitalized for First-Ever Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLOS ONE. 2014-12-09, 9 (12) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4260959 . PMID 25490399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114866. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Pirozzi, Cheryl; Scholand, Mary Beth. Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2012-07, 96 (4) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 22793948. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-09-11, 20 (1): 241. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8.
Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. November 2006, 3 (11): e442. PMC 1664601 . PMID 17132052. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442. ^{[失效連結]}
Tabyshova, Aizhamal; Hurst, John R.; Soriano, Joan B.; Checkley, William; Wan-Chun Huang, Erick; Trofor, Antigona C.; Flores-Flores, Oscar; Alupo, Patricia; Gianella, Gonzalo. Gaps in COPD Guidelines of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review. Chest. 2021-02, 159 (2): 575–584 [2021-10-28]. ISSN 1931-3543. PMC 7856534 . PMID 33038390. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.260. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.
Mahler, D. A. Mechanisms and Measurement of Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2006-05-01, 3 (3). ISSN 1546-3222. PMID 16636091. doi:10.1513/pats.200509-103SF （英语）.
Holland, Anne E; Hill, Catherine J; Jones, Alice Y; McDonald, Christine F. Cochrane Airways Group , 编. Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-10-17. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 23076942. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008250.pub2 （英语）.
Weitzenblum, E; Chaouat, A. Cor pulmonale. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2009-08, 6 (3) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1479-9731. PMID 19643833. doi:10.1177/1479972309104664. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Brulotte, Cory A.; Lang, Eddy S. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2012-05, 30 (2) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1558-0539. PMID 22487106. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.005. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael. Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009-01, 6 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326 . PMID 19440278. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. （原始内容存档于2023-03-07）（英语）.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nathell, Lennart; Nathell, Madelene; Malmberg, Per; Larsson, Kjell. COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques. Respiratory Research. 2007-12-04, 8 [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1465-993X. PMC 2217523 . PMID 18053200. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-89. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Pirozzi, Cheryl; Scholand, Mary Beth. Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2012-07, 96 (4) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 22793948. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Tabyshova, Aizhamal; Hurst, John R.; Soriano, Joan B.; Checkley, William; Wan-Chun Huang, Erick; Trofor, Antigona C.; Flores-Flores, Oscar; Alupo, Patricia; Gianella, Gonzalo. Gaps in COPD Guidelines of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review. Chest. 2021-02, 159 (2): 575–584 [2021-10-28]. ISSN 1931-3543. PMC 7856534 . PMID 33038390. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.260. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.
Brulotte, Cory A.; Lang, Eddy S. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2012-05, 30 (2) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1558-0539. PMID 22487106. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.005. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.

nhlbi.nih.gov

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of COPD?. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. July 31, 2013 [November 29, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-18）.

nlm.nih.gov

MedlinePlus百科全书 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

plos.org

journals.plos.org

Ho, Te-Wei; Tsai, Yi-Ju; Ruan, Sheng-Yuan; Huang, Chun-Ta; Lai, Feipei; Yu, Chong-Jen; Group, The HINT Study. In-Hospital and One-Year Mortality and Their Predictors in Patients Hospitalized for First-Ever Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLOS ONE. 2014-12-09, 9 (12) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4260959 . PMID 25490399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114866. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.

dx.plos.org

Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. November 2006, 3 (11): e442. PMC 1664601 . PMID 17132052. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442. ^{[失效連結]}

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Weitzenblum, E; Chaouat, A. Cor pulmonale. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2009-08, 6 (3) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1479-9731. PMID 19643833. doi:10.1177/1479972309104664. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.

tandfonline.com

Wurst, Keele E.; Shukla, Amit; Muellerova, Hana; Davis, Kourtney J. Respiratory Pharmacotherapy Use in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Primary Care Setting in the UK: A Retrospective Cohort Study. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2014-09, 11 (5): 521–530 [2020-04-08]. ISSN 1541-2555. doi:10.3109/15412555.2014.922064. （原始内容存档于2020-08-05）（英语）.

thelancet.com

Decramer, Marc; Janssens, Wim; Miravitlles, Marc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet. 2012-04-07, 379 (9823) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7172377 . PMID 22314182. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9. （原始内容存档于2013-08-07）（英语）.

thieme-connect.de

GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.
GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.

tspccm.org.tw

2012 慢性阻塞性肺病診治指引. [2020-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-25）.
2017 台灣肺阻塞臨床照護指引. 台灣胸腔暨重症加護醫學會. [2020-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-25）（中文（臺灣））.

web.archive.org

Algusti, Alvar G.; et al. Definition and Overview. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). 2017: 6–17 [2018-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
Decramer, Marc; Janssens, Wim; Miravitlles, Marc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet. 2012-04-07, 379 (9823) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7172377 . PMID 22314182. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9. （原始内容存档于2013-08-07）（英语）.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Fact sheet N°315. WHO. January 2015 [4 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）.
Nathell, Lennart; Nathell, Madelene; Malmberg, Per; Larsson, Kjell. COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques. Respiratory Research. 2007-12-04, 8 [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1465-993X. PMC 2217523 . PMID 18053200. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-89. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Rabe, Klaus F.; Hurd, Suzanne; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Buist, Sonia A.; Calverley, Peter; Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke; Jenkins, Christine; Rodriguez-Roisin, Roberto; van Weel, Chris; Zielinski, Jan. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007-09-15, 176 (6) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17507545. doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）（英语）.
Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-12, 20 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8. （原始内容存档于2022-11-30）（英语）.
The top 10 causes of death. www.who.int. [2021-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-24）（英语）.
Roversi, Sara; Corbetta, Lorenzo; Clini, Enrico. GOLD 2017 recommendations for COPD patients: toward a more personalized approach. COPD Research and Practice. 2017-12, 3 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 2054-9040. doi:10.1186/s40749-017-0024-y. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）（英语）.
Wurst, Keele E.; Shukla, Amit; Muellerova, Hana; Davis, Kourtney J. Respiratory Pharmacotherapy Use in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Primary Care Setting in the UK: A Retrospective Cohort Study. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2014-09, 11 (5): 521–530 [2020-04-08]. ISSN 1541-2555. doi:10.3109/15412555.2014.922064. （原始内容存档于2020-08-05）（英语）.
Vestbo, Jørgen; Hurd, Suzanne S.; Agustí, Alvar G.; Jones, Paul W.; Vogelmeier, Claus; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Fabbri, Leonardo M.; Martinez, Fernando J.; Nishimura, Masaharu; Stockley, Robert A. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2013-02-15, 187 (4) [2021-10-03]. ISSN 1073-449X. doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP. （原始内容存档于2022-07-09）.
Ho, Te-Wei; Tsai, Yi-Ju; Ruan, Sheng-Yuan; Huang, Chun-Ta; Lai, Feipei; Yu, Chong-Jen; Group, The HINT Study. In-Hospital and One-Year Mortality and Their Predictors in Patients Hospitalized for First-Ever Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLOS ONE. 2014-12-09, 9 (12) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4260959 . PMID 25490399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114866. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Craig, John A. Ferri's netter patient advisor 2nd. Saunders. 2012: 913. ISBN 9781455728268. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
Pirozzi, Cheryl; Scholand, Mary Beth. Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2012-07, 96 (4) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 22793948. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
The top 10 causes of death. www.who.int. [2021-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-24）（英语）.
Tabyshova, Aizhamal; Hurst, John R.; Soriano, Joan B.; Checkley, William; Wan-Chun Huang, Erick; Trofor, Antigona C.; Flores-Flores, Oscar; Alupo, Patricia; Gianella, Gonzalo. Gaps in COPD Guidelines of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review. Chest. 2021-02, 159 (2): 575–584 [2021-10-28]. ISSN 1931-3543. PMC 7856534 . PMID 33038390. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.260. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.
Lomborg, Bjørn. Global problems, local solutions : costs and benefits. Cambridge University Press. 2013: 143. ISBN 978-1-107-03959-9. （原始内容存档于2016-05-17）.
Vestbo, Jørgen. Diagnosis and Assessment (PDF). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis， Management， and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 2013: 9–17. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-04）.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of COPD?. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. July 31, 2013 [November 29, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-18）.
Morrison, [edited by] Nathan E. Goldstein， R. Sean. Evidence-based practice of palliative medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. 2013: 124 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-4377-3796-7. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Gruber, Phillip. The Acute Presentation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In the Emergency Department: A Challenging Oxymoron. Emergency Medicine Practice. November 2008, 10 (11) [2015-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-05）.
Weitzenblum, E; Chaouat, A. Cor pulmonale. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2009-08, 6 (3) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1479-9731. PMID 19643833. doi:10.1177/1479972309104664. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Cor pulmonale. Professional guide to diseases 9th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009: 120–2 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-7817-7899-2. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Mandell, editors， James K. Stoller， Franklin A. Michota， Jr.， Brian F. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation intensive review of internal medicine 5th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009: 419 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-7817-9079-6. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Brulotte, Cory A.; Lang, Eddy S. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2012-05, 30 (2) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1558-0539. PMID 22487106. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.005. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Spiro, Stephen. Clinical respiratory medicine expert consult 4th. Philadelphia， PA: Saunders. 2012: Chapter 43 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-4557-2329-4. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.
2012 慢性阻塞性肺病診治指引. [2020-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-25）.
Ward, Helen. Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians. Oxford University Press. 2012: 289–290 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-19-165478-7. （原始内容存档于2014-10-10）.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael. Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009-01, 6 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326 . PMID 19440278. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. （原始内容存档于2023-03-07）（英语）.
Rennard, Stephen. Clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2nd. New York: Informa Healthcare. 2013: 23 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-0-8493-7588-0. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
Anita Sharma ; with a contribution by David Pitchforth ; forewords by Gail Richards; Barclay， Joyce. COPD in primary care. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub. 2010: 9 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-84619-316-3. （原始内容存档于2014-09-29）.
Goldman, Lee. Goldman's Cecil medicine 24th. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. 2012: 537 [2015-03-27]. ISBN 978-1-4377-1604-7. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.
2017 台灣肺阻塞臨床照護指引. 台灣胸腔暨重症加護醫學會. [2020-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-25）（中文（臺灣））.
國健署一分鐘登階檢測. [2021-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-20）.

who.int

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Fact sheet N°315. WHO. January 2015 [4 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）.
The top 10 causes of death. www.who.int. [2021-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-24）（英语）.
The top 10 causes of death. www.who.int. [2021-10-28]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-24）（英语）.

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence（英语：National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence）. Clinical guideline 101: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. London, June 2010.

wiley.com

doi.wiley.com

Holland, Anne E; Hill, Catherine J; Jones, Alice Y; McDonald, Christine F. Cochrane Airways Group , 编. Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-10-17. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 23076942. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008250.pub2 （英语）.

worldcat.org

Decramer, Marc; Janssens, Wim; Miravitlles, Marc. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet. 2012-04-07, 379 (9823) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7172377 . PMID 22314182. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9. （原始内容存档于2013-08-07）（英语）.
Nathell, Lennart; Nathell, Madelene; Malmberg, Per; Larsson, Kjell. COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques. Respiratory Research. 2007-12-04, 8 [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1465-993X. PMC 2217523 . PMID 18053200. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-89. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Rabe, Klaus F.; Hurd, Suzanne; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Buist, Sonia A.; Calverley, Peter; Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke; Jenkins, Christine; Rodriguez-Roisin, Roberto; van Weel, Chris; Zielinski, Jan. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007-09-15, 176 (6) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17507545. doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）（英语）.
Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-12, 20 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8. （原始内容存档于2022-11-30）（英语）.
Roversi, Sara; Corbetta, Lorenzo; Clini, Enrico. GOLD 2017 recommendations for COPD patients: toward a more personalized approach. COPD Research and Practice. 2017-12, 3 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 2054-9040. doi:10.1186/s40749-017-0024-y. （原始内容存档于2023-04-24）（英语）.
Wurst, Keele E.; Shukla, Amit; Muellerova, Hana; Davis, Kourtney J. Respiratory Pharmacotherapy Use in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Primary Care Setting in the UK: A Retrospective Cohort Study. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2014-09, 11 (5): 521–530 [2020-04-08]. ISSN 1541-2555. doi:10.3109/15412555.2014.922064. （原始内容存档于2020-08-05）（英语）.
Lee, Jung Yeon; Chon, Gyu Rak; Rhee, Chin Kook; Kim, Deog Kyeom; Yoon, Hyoung Kyu; Lee, Jin Hwa; Yoo, Kwang Ha; Lee, Sang Haak; Lee, Sang Yeub. Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the First Visit to a Pulmonary Medical Center in Korea: The KOrea COpd Subgroup Study Team Cohort. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2016, 31 (4): 553. ISSN 1011-8934. doi:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.553.
Vestbo, Jørgen; Hurd, Suzanne S.; Agustí, Alvar G.; Jones, Paul W.; Vogelmeier, Claus; Anzueto, Antonio; Barnes, Peter J.; Fabbri, Leonardo M.; Martinez, Fernando J.; Nishimura, Masaharu; Stockley, Robert A. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2013-02-15, 187 (4) [2021-10-03]. ISSN 1073-449X. doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP. （原始内容存档于2022-07-09）.
Ho, Te-Wei; Tsai, Yi-Ju; Ruan, Sheng-Yuan; Huang, Chun-Ta; Lai, Feipei; Yu, Chong-Jen; Group, The HINT Study. In-Hospital and One-Year Mortality and Their Predictors in Patients Hospitalized for First-Ever Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLOS ONE. 2014-12-09, 9 (12) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4260959 . PMID 25490399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114866. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Pirozzi, Cheryl; Scholand, Mary Beth. Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2012-07, 96 (4) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 22793948. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
Hammond, Emily E.; McDonald, Charles S.; Vestbo, Jørgen; Denning, David W. The global impact of Aspergillus infection on COPD. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2020-09-11, 20 (1): 241. ISSN 1471-2466. PMC 7488557 . PMID 32912168. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01259-8.
Tabyshova, Aizhamal; Hurst, John R.; Soriano, Joan B.; Checkley, William; Wan-Chun Huang, Erick; Trofor, Antigona C.; Flores-Flores, Oscar; Alupo, Patricia; Gianella, Gonzalo. Gaps in COPD Guidelines of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review. Chest. 2021-02, 159 (2): 575–584 [2021-10-28]. ISSN 1931-3543. PMC 7856534 . PMID 33038390. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.260. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.
Mahler, D. A. Mechanisms and Measurement of Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 2006-05-01, 3 (3). ISSN 1546-3222. PMID 16636091. doi:10.1513/pats.200509-103SF （英语）.
Holland, Anne E; Hill, Catherine J; Jones, Alice Y; McDonald, Christine F. Cochrane Airways Group , 编. Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-10-17. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 23076942. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008250.pub2 （英语）.
Weitzenblum, E; Chaouat, A. Cor pulmonale. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2009-08, 6 (3) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1479-9731. PMID 19643833. doi:10.1177/1479972309104664. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）（英语）.
Brulotte, Cory A.; Lang, Eddy S. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2012-05, 30 (2) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1558-0539. PMID 22487106. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.10.005. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael. Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009-01, 6 (1) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326 . PMID 19440278. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. （原始内容存档于2023-03-07）（英语）.
GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 2017. Pneumologie. 2017-01-23, 71 (01) [2022-11-08]. ISSN 0934-8387. doi:10.1055/s-0042-121903. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（德语）.