成吉思汗 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "成吉思汗" in Chinese language version.

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Ratchnevsky 1991，第xv頁; Atwood 2004，第117頁; Morgan 1986，第18–21頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Morgan, David, The Mongols, The Peoples of Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1986, ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6
Atwood 2004，第154頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Man 2004，第70頁; Biran 2012，第33頁; Atwood 2004，第97頁; May 2018，第22頁; Jackson 2017，第63頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Jackson, Peter, The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7
Atwood 2004，第97頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第389–391頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第22–23頁; Atwood 2004，第97–98頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Brose 2014，§ "The Young Temüjin"; Atwood 2004，第98頁. Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第295–296, 390頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第32–33頁; May 2018，第28–29頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Atwood 2004，第98頁; Brose 2014，§ "Building the Mongol Confederation". Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9
Atwood 2004，第98頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第67–70頁; May 2018，第36–37頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Man 2014，第40頁; Weatherford 2004，第58頁; Biran 2012，第38頁. Man, John, The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan, His Heirs, and the Founding of Modern China, London: Penguin Random House, 2014, ISBN 978-0-5521-6880-9 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5
Ratchnevsky 1991，第78–80頁; Atwood 2004，第98頁; Lane 2004，第26–27頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Lane, George, Genghis Khan and Mongol Rule, Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3133-2528-1
Atwood 2004，第505–506頁; May 2018，第39頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Atwood 2004，第393頁; Weatherford 2004，第67頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第92–93頁; May 2018，第77頁; Atwood 2004，第460–462頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第297頁; Weatherford 2004，第71–72頁; May 2018. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
May 2018，第78頁; Atwood 2004，第297頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第94頁; Man 2004，第106頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Atwood 2004，第297頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第97–98頁; Atwood 2004，第531頁; Weatherford 2004，第73頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第100–101頁; Atwood 2004，第100頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
May 2018，第44–45頁; Atwood 2004，第502頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第102–103頁; Atwood 2004，第563頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第590頁; Man 2004. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Atwood 2004，第590–591頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第104頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Man 2004，第132–133頁; Atwood 2004，第591頁; May 2018，第48頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第104–105頁; Waterson 2013，第38頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Waterson, James, Defending Heaven: China's Mongol Wars, 1209–1370, Barnsley: Frontline Books, 2013, ISBN 978-1-7834-6943-7
Atwood 2004，第275頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第109–109頁; Atwood 2004，第275–276頁; May 2012，第39頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2
Ratchnevsky 1991，第109–109頁; Sverdrup 2017，第104頁; Atwood 2004，第424頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Waterson 2013，第39頁; May 2018，第50頁; Atwood 2004，第275–277頁. Waterson, James, Defending Heaven: China's Mongol Wars, 1209–1370, Barnsley: Frontline Books, 2013, ISBN 978-1-7834-6943-7 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第109–110頁; Atwood 2004，第501頁; Man 2004，第135–136頁; Sverdrup 2017，第105–106頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Ratchnevsky 1991，第112–113頁; Atwood 2004，第620頁; Man 2004，第139–140頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Atwood 2004，第277頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第114–115頁; Atwood 2004，第277頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第393頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
May 2018，第57頁; Atwood 2004，第502頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第116–117頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第117–118頁; May 2018，第57–58頁; Atwood 2004，第502頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第118–119頁; Atwood 2004，第445–446頁; May 2018，第60頁; Favereau 2021，第45–46頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第118–119頁; Atwood 2004，第446頁; Man 2004，第150頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Favereau 2021，第46頁; Atwood 2004，第446頁; Man 2004，第151頁; Pow 2017，第35頁. Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Pow, Stephen, The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2017, 27 (1): 31–51, doi:10.1017/S135618631600033X
Weatherford 2004，第105頁; Atwood 2004，第100頁. Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第429, 431頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第120–123頁; May 2012，第42頁; Favereau 2021，第54頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2 Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
Favereau 2021，第55頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第123頁; Atwood 2004，第431頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第104頁. Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Atwood 2004，第307頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第130頁; Atwood 2004，第307頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第130–133頁; Man 2004，第164, 172頁; Atwood 2004，第307頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第307頁; May 2018，第62–63頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第133頁; Pow 2017，第36頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pow, Stephen, The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2017, 27 (1): 31–51, doi:10.1017/S135618631600033X
Man 2004，第184–191頁; Atwood 2004，第521頁; May 2012，第43頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2
Atwood 2004，第307, 436頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第133頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Atwood 2004，第307頁; May 2018，第63頁; Man 2004，第174–175頁; Sverdrup 2017，第160–161, 164頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Man 2004，第177–181頁; Weatherford 2004，第118–119頁; Atwood 2004，第308, 344頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Man 2004，第180–181頁; Atwood 2004，第244頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第134頁; Atwood 2004，第591頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第137–140頁; Biran 2012，第66–67頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5
Biran 2012，第61頁; May 2018，第65頁. Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Man 2004，第209–212頁; Atwood 2004，第591頁; Biran 2012，第61頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5
Atwood 2004，第100, 591頁; Man 2004，第212–213頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
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Ratchnevsky 1991，第142–143頁; Atwood 2004，第163頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
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Broadbridge 2018，第67頁; Biran 2012，第69頁. Broadbridge, Anne F., Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-1-1086-3662-9 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5
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Biran 2012，第71–72頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第107–108頁. Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
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Atwood 2004，第369頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第108頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
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altaica.ru

Pelliot 1959，第281頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
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Pelliot 1959，第289–291頁; Man 2004，第67–68頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第17頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021） Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Brose 2014，§ "The Young Temüjin"; Pelliot 1959，第288頁. Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第52–53頁; Pelliot 1959，第291–295頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第89頁; Pelliot 1959，第297頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Pelliot 1959，第296頁; Favereau 2021，第37頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021） Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
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archive.org

Ratchnevsky 1991，第x–xi頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Morgan 1986，第4–5頁. Morgan, David, The Mongols, The Peoples of Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1986, ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6
Ratchnevsky 1991，第xii頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Sverdrup 2017，第xiv頁. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Waley 2002，第7–8頁; Morgan 1986，第11頁. Waley, Arthur, The Secret History of the Mongols: and other pieces, London: House of Stratus, 2002, ISBN 978-1-8423-2370-0 Morgan, David, The Mongols, The Peoples of Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1986, ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6
Ratchnevsky 1991，第xiv–xv頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Morgan 1986，第16–17頁. Morgan, David, The Mongols, The Peoples of Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1986, ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6
Sverdrup 2017，第xvi頁. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Morgan 1986，第18頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第xv–xvi頁. Morgan, David, The Mongols, The Peoples of Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1986, ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第xv頁; Atwood 2004，第117頁; Morgan 1986，第18–21頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Morgan, David, The Mongols, The Peoples of Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1986, ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6
Sverdrup 2017，第xiv–xvi頁; Wright 2017. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Wright, David Curtis, Genghis Khan, Oxford Bibliographies: Military History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199791279-0154
Morgan 1986，第55頁. Morgan, David, The Mongols, The Peoples of Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1986, ISBN 978-0-6311-7563-6
Ratchnevsky 1991，第17–18頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第17–18頁; Pelliot 1959，第284–287頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Man 2004，第70頁; Biran 2012，第33頁; Atwood 2004，第97頁; May 2018，第22頁; Jackson 2017，第63頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Jackson, Peter, The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7
Ratchnevsky 1991，第19頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第14–15頁; May 2018，第20–21頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Pelliot 1959，第289–291頁; Man 2004，第67–68頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第17頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021） Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第17頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第15–19頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第20–21頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第100頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Ratchnevsky 1991，第21–22頁; Broadbridge 2018，第50–51頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Broadbridge, Anne F., Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-1-1086-3662-9
Ratchnevsky 1991，第22頁; May 2018，第25頁; de Rachewiltz 2015，§ 71–73. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street), 由de Rachewiltz, Igor翻译, 2015 [22 November 2022]
Ratchnevsky 1991，第22–23頁; Atwood 2004，第97–98頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第23–24頁; de Rachewiltz 2015，§76–78. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street), 由de Rachewiltz, Igor翻译, 2015 [22 November 2022]
Man 2004，第74頁; de Rachewiltz 2015，§116; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第101頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street), 由de Rachewiltz, Igor翻译, 2015 [22 November 2022] Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Ratchnevsky 1991，第25–26頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第100–101頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Ratchnevsky 1991，第26–27頁; May 2018，第26–27頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第27頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
May 2018，第28頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第31頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Atwood 2004，第295–296, 390頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第32–33頁; May 2018，第28–29頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第34–35頁; Brose 2014，§ "Emergence of Chinggis Khan". Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9
Ratchnevsky 1991，第34–35頁; May 2018，第30–31頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第37–38頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第37頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
May 2018，第31頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第37–41頁; Broadbridge 2018，第64頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Broadbridge, Anne F., Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-1-1086-3662-9
Ratchnevsky 1991，第39–41頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第44–47頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第49–50頁; May 2018，第32頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第49–50頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第49–50頁; May 2018，第32頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第101頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Ratchnevsky 1991，第52–53頁; Pelliot 1959，第291–295頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第52–53頁; Sverdrup 2017，第56頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Ratchnevsky 1991，第46–47頁; May 2018，第32頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第54–56頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第61–62頁; May 2018，第34–35頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第63–67頁; de Hartog 1999，第21–22頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第102頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 de Hartog, Leo, Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World, London: I.B. Tauris, 1999, ISBN 978-1-8606-4972-1 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Atwood 2004，第98頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第67–70頁; May 2018，第36–37頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Brose 2014，§ "Building the Mongol Confederation"; Ratchnevsky 1991，第70–73頁; Man 2004，第96–98頁. Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Man 2014，第40頁; Weatherford 2004，第58頁; Biran 2012，第38頁. Man, John, The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan, His Heirs, and the Founding of Modern China, London: Penguin Random House, 2014, ISBN 978-0-5521-6880-9 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5
Ratchnevsky 1991，第78–80頁; Atwood 2004，第98頁; Lane 2004，第26–27頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Lane, George, Genghis Khan and Mongol Rule, Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3133-2528-1
Sverdrup 2017，第81–83頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第83–86頁. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Brose 2014，§ "Building the Mongol Confederation"; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第103頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第86–88頁; McLynn 2015，第90–91頁. Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 McLynn, Frank, Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy, New York: Hachette Books, 2015, ISBN 978-0-3068-2395-4
May 2012，第36頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2
Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第103頁. Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Ratchnevsky 1991，第89頁; Pelliot 1959，第297頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第89–90頁; Pelliot 1959，第298–301頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Weatherford 2004，第65頁. Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第90頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第104頁; McLynn 2015，第97頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0 McLynn, Frank, Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy, New York: Hachette Books, 2015, ISBN 978-0-3068-2395-4
May 2007，第30–31頁; McLynn 2015，第99頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System, Yardley: Westholme, 2007, ISBN 978-1-5941-6046-2 McLynn, Frank, Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy, New York: Hachette Books, 2015, ISBN 978-0-3068-2395-4
May 2018，第39–40頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第104頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Atwood 2004，第393頁; Weatherford 2004，第67頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第92頁; May 2018，第77頁; Man 2004，第104–105頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第92–93頁; May 2018，第77頁; Atwood 2004，第460–462頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第297頁; Weatherford 2004，第71–72頁; May 2018. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
May 2018，第78頁; Atwood 2004，第297頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第94頁; Man 2004，第106頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第101頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第97–98頁; Atwood 2004，第531頁; Weatherford 2004，第73頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第98–100頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第100–101頁; Atwood 2004，第100頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第102頁; May 2018，第45頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第102–103頁; Atwood 2004，第563頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第590頁; Man 2004. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第103頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第104頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
May 2012，第38頁; Waterson 2013，第37頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2 Waterson, James, Defending Heaven: China's Mongol Wars, 1209–1370, Barnsley: Frontline Books, 2013, ISBN 978-1-7834-6943-7
Sverdrup 2017，第96頁; Man 2004，第116頁. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Atwood 2004，第590–591頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第104頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第104頁; Sverdrup 2017，第97–98頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Man 2004，第132–133頁; Atwood 2004，第591頁; May 2018，第48頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第104–105頁; Waterson 2013，第38頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Waterson, James, Defending Heaven: China's Mongol Wars, 1209–1370, Barnsley: Frontline Books, 2013, ISBN 978-1-7834-6943-7
Ratchnevsky 1991，第108頁; Man 2004，第134頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第106–108頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第109–109頁; Atwood 2004，第275–276頁; May 2012，第39頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2
Ratchnevsky 1991，第109–109頁; Sverdrup 2017，第104頁; Atwood 2004，第424頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第109–110頁; Atwood 2004，第501頁; Man 2004，第135–136頁; Sverdrup 2017，第105–106頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Ratchnevsky 1991，第110頁; Man 2004，第137頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Sverdrup 2017，第111–112頁; Waterson 2013，第42頁. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Waterson, James, Defending Heaven: China's Mongol Wars, 1209–1370, Barnsley: Frontline Books, 2013, ISBN 978-1-7834-6943-7
Ratchnevsky 1991，第110—111頁; Sverdrup 2017，第114–115頁; Man 2004，第137頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第111–112頁; Man 2004，第137–138頁; Waterson 2013，第42–43頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Waterson, James, Defending Heaven: China's Mongol Wars, 1209–1370, Barnsley: Frontline Books, 2013, ISBN 978-1-7834-6943-7
Ratchnevsky 1991，第112–113頁; Atwood 2004，第620頁; Man 2004，第139–140頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第113–114頁; May 2018，第52–54頁; Man 2004，第140頁; Sverdrup 2017，第114–116頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Man 2004，第140–141頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第114頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第114頁; Weatherford 2004，第97頁; May 2018，第54頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第114–115頁; Atwood 2004，第277頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
May 2018，第57頁; Atwood 2004，第502頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第116–117頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第117–118頁; May 2018，第57–58頁; Atwood 2004，第502頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第118–119頁; Atwood 2004，第445–446頁; May 2018，第60頁; Favereau 2021，第45–46頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第118–119頁; Atwood 2004，第446頁; Man 2004，第150頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Favereau 2021，第46頁; Atwood 2004，第446頁; Man 2004，第151頁; Pow 2017，第35頁. Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Pow, Stephen, The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2017, 27 (1): 31–51, doi:10.1017/S135618631600033X
Weatherford 2004，第105頁; Atwood 2004，第100頁. Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Jackson 2017，第71–73頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第119–120頁. Jackson, Peter, The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Atwood 2004，第429, 431頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第120–123頁; May 2012，第42頁; Favereau 2021，第54頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2 Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
Favereau 2021，第55頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第123頁; Atwood 2004，第431頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第104頁. Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0
Ratchnevsky 1991，第123–125頁; Golden 2009，第14–15頁; Jackson 2017，第76–77頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Golden, Peter, Inner Asia c.1200, Di Cosmo, Nicola; Frank, Allen J.; Golden, Peter (编), The Chinggisid Age, The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: 9–25, 2009, ISBN 978-1-1390-5604-5 Jackson, Peter, The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7
Ratchnevsky 1991，第130頁; Atwood 2004，第307頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第130頁; May 2018，第62頁; Jackson 2017，第77–78頁; Man 2004，第163–164頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Jackson, Peter, The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-0-3001-2533-7 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第130–133頁; Man 2004，第164, 172頁; Atwood 2004，第307頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Atwood 2004，第307頁; May 2018，第62–63頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第133頁; Pow 2017，第36頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pow, Stephen, The Last Campaign and Death of Jebe Noyan, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2017, 27 (1): 31–51, doi:10.1017/S135618631600033X
Man 2004，第184–191頁; Atwood 2004，第521頁; May 2012，第43頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2
Man 2004，第173–174頁; Sverdrup 2017，第161頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Atwood 2004，第307, 436頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第133頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
May 2018，第63頁; Sverdrup 2017，第162–163頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第133–134頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Atwood 2004，第307頁; May 2018，第63頁; Man 2004，第174–175頁; Sverdrup 2017，第160–161, 164頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Sverdrup 2017，第160–167頁. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9
Man 2004，第177–181頁; Weatherford 2004，第118–119頁; Atwood 2004，第308, 344頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Weatherford, Jack, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3072-3781-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Man 2004，第180–181頁; Atwood 2004，第244頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第134頁; Atwood 2004，第591頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第134頁; May 2018，第64頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3
Sverdrup 2017，第167–169頁; May 2012，第43頁. Sverdrup, Carl, The Mongol Conquests: The Military Campaigns of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei, Solihull: Helion & Company, 2017, ISBN 978-1-9133-3605-9 May, Timothy, The Mongol Conquests in World History, London: Reaktion Books, 2012, ISBN 978-1-8618-9971-2
Ratchnevsky 1991，第137–140頁; Biran 2012，第66–67頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5
Ratchnevsky 1991，第134–136頁; Atwood 2004a，第245–246頁; Jagchid 1979，第11–13頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century (PDF), The International History Review, 2004a, 26 (2): 237–256, ISSN 0707-5332, JSTOR 40109471, S2CID 159826445, doi:10.1080/07075332.2004.9641030 Jagchid, Sechin, The Mongol Khans and Chinese Buddhism and Taoism, The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 1979, 2 (1): 7–28
Man 2004，第209–212頁; Atwood 2004，第591頁; Biran 2012，第61頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5
Atwood 2004，第100, 591頁; Man 2004，第212–213頁. Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
Ratchnevsky 1991，第140頁; Atwood 2004，第591頁; Man 2004，第214–215頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York: Facts on File, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3 Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1
May 2007，第17頁; Favereau 2021，第77頁. May, Timothy, The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System, Yardley: Westholme, 2007, ISBN 978-1-5941-6046-2 Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
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Biran 2012，第158頁; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第104頁; Washington Post 1995. Biran, Michal, Chinggis Khan, Makers of the Muslim World, London: Oneworld Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-7807-4204-5 Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0 Achenbach, Joel, The Era of His Ways, Washington Post, 31 December 1995 [27 November 2023]
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姚大力. "成吉思汗"，还是"成吉思合罕"？. [2019-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-24）.
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Ratchnevsky 1991，第17–18頁; Pelliot 1959，第284–287頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Pelliot 1959，第289–291頁; Man 2004，第67–68頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第17頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021） Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Brose 2014，§ "The Young Temüjin"; Pelliot 1959，第288頁. Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
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Ratchnevsky 1991，第52–53頁; Pelliot 1959，第291–295頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第89頁; Pelliot 1959，第297頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Pelliot 1959，第296頁; Favereau 2021，第37頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021） Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
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worldcat.org

Pelliot 1959，第281頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第17–18頁; Pelliot 1959，第284–287頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Pelliot 1959，第289–291頁; Man 2004，第67–68頁; Ratchnevsky 1991，第17頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021） Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3
Brose 2014，§ "The Young Temüjin"; Pelliot 1959，第288頁. Brose, Michael C., Chinggis (Genghis) Khan, Brown, Kerry (编), The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2014, ISBN 978-1-9337-8266-9 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第52–53頁; Pelliot 1959，第291–295頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第89頁; Pelliot 1959，第297頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Pelliot 1959，第296頁; Favereau 2021，第37頁. Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021） Favereau, Marie, The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-0-6742-7865-3
Ratchnevsky 1991，第89–90頁; Pelliot 1959，第298–301頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Pelliot, Paul, Notes on Marco Polo (PDF) I, Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1959 [17 October 2022], OCLC 1741887, （原始内容存档 (PDF)于31 August 2021）
Ratchnevsky 1991，第134–136頁; Atwood 2004a，第245–246頁; Jagchid 1979，第11–13頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 Atwood, Christopher P., Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century (PDF), The International History Review, 2004a, 26 (2): 237–256, ISSN 0707-5332, JSTOR 40109471, S2CID 159826445, doi:10.1080/07075332.2004.9641030 Jagchid, Sechin, The Mongol Khans and Chinese Buddhism and Taoism, The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 1979, 2 (1): 7–28
Ratchnevsky 1991，第141頁; You et al. 2021，第347–348頁. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 You, Wenpeng; Galassi, Francesco M.; Varotto, Elena; Henneberg, Maciej, Genghis Khan's death (AD 1227): An unsolvable riddle or simply a pandemic disease?, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2021, 104: 347–348, ISSN 1201-9712, PMID 33444749, S2CID 231610775, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.089 , hdl:10447/620953 
Lkhagvasuren et al. 2016，第433頁. Lkhagvasuren, Gavaachimed; et al, Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen's Family and Her Possible Kinship with Genghis Khan, PLoS ONE, 2016, 11 (9): 433, Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161622L, ISSN 1932-6203, PMC 5023095 , PMID 27627454, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161622

wwu.edu

cedar.wwu.edu

Ratchnevsky 1991，第22頁; May 2018，第25頁; de Rachewiltz 2015，§ 71–73. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 May, Timothy, The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7486-4237-3 The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street), 由de Rachewiltz, Igor翻译, 2015 [22 November 2022]
Ratchnevsky 1991，第23–24頁; de Rachewiltz 2015，§76–78. Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, 由Thomas Haining翻译, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1991, ISBN 978-0-6311-6785-3 The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street), 由de Rachewiltz, Igor翻译, 2015 [22 November 2022]
Man 2004，第74頁; de Rachewiltz 2015，§116; Fitzhugh, Rossabi & Honeychurch 2009，第101頁. Man, John, Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, London: Bantam Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-3129-8965-1 The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street), 由de Rachewiltz, Igor翻译, 2015 [22 November 2022] Fitzhugh, William W.; Rossabi, Morris; Honeychurch, William (编), Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire, Washington: Mongolian Preservation Foundation, 2009, ISBN 978-0-2959-8957-0