Spoorenberg, Thomas; Schwekendiek, Daniel. Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993–2008. Population and Development Review. 2012, 38 (1). doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x.
William J., Moon. The Origins of the Great North Korean Famine: Its Dynamics and Normative Implications. North Korean Review. Spring 2009, 5 (1). JSTOR 43910265.