梅西耶32 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "梅西耶32" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

27harvard.edu

18^th place

57^th place

26doi.org

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18semanticscholar.org

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332^nd place

17arxiv.org

69^th place

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4web.archive.org

1^st place

2archive.org

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2caltech.edu

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1u-strasbg.fr

1,342^nd place

855^th place

1uq.edu.au

3,558^th place

2,972^nd place

1umich.edu

459^th place

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1worldcat.org

5^th place

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1technews.tw

low place

454^th place

archive.org

Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Hutchmeier, W. K.; Makarov, D. I. A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 2004, 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905 .
Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations. Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (1): 310–331. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. S2CID 119356072. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . doi:10.1086/341041.

arxiv.org

Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 583 (2): 712–726. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. S2CID 551714. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129 . doi:10.1086/345430.
Armando, Gil de Paz; Boissier; Madore; Seibert; Boselli; et al. The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 2007, 173 (2): 185–255. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. S2CID 119085482. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440 . doi:10.1086/516636.
Mateo, M. L. Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1998, 36: 435–506. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..435M. S2CID 119333888. arXiv:astro-ph/9810070 . doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy? (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2001, 557 (1): L39. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. S2CID 18707442. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075.
Graham, A. W. Evidence for an Outer Disk in the Prototype Compact Elliptical Galaxy M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2002, 568 (1): L13–L17. Bibcode:2002ApJ...568L..13G. S2CID 14891401. arXiv:astro-ph/0202307 . doi:10.1086/340274.
Dierickx, M.; Blecha, L.; Loeb, A. Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision. Astrophysical Journal. 2014, 788 (2): L38. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788L..38D. S2CID 119111697. arXiv:1405.3990 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L38.
Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations. Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (1): 310–331. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. S2CID 119356072. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . doi:10.1086/341041.
Huxor, A. P.; Phillipps, S.; Price, J. Discovery of an isolated compact elliptical galaxy in the field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013, 430 (3): 1956–1960. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430.1956H. S2CID 119291374. arXiv:1302.6520 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stt014.
D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor. Nature Astronomy. 2018-07-23, 2 (9): 737–743. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119502746. arXiv:1807.08819 . doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x （英语）.
van Dokkum, P. G.; Franx, M. Dust in the Cores of Early-Type Galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 1995, 110: 2027. Bibcode:1995AJ....110.2027V. S2CID 118939047. arXiv:astro-ph/9507101 . doi:10.1086/117667.
Paulin-Henriksson, S.; Baillon, P.; Bouquet, A.; Carr, B. J.; Creze, M.; Evans, N. W.; Giraud-Heraud, Y.; Gould, A.; Hewett, P.; Kaplan, J.; Kerins, E.; Lastennet, E.; Le Du, Y.; Melchior, A.-L.; Smartt, S. J.; Valls-Gabaud, D.; Point-Agape Collaboration. A Candidate M31/M32 Intergalactic Microlensing Event. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2002, 576 (2): L121–L124. Bibcode:2002ApJ...576L.121P. S2CID 2554622. arXiv:astro-ph/0206387 . doi:10.1086/343887.
Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics. Astrophysical Journal. 2001, 550 (2): 668–690. Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. S2CID 999283. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530 . doi:10.1086/319781.
Verolme, E. K.; Cappellari, M.; Copin, Y.; van der Marel, R. P.; Bacon, R.; Bureau, M.; Davies, R. L.; Miller, B. M.; de Zeeuw, P. T. A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2002, 335 (3): 517–525. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.335..517V. S2CID 119238097. arXiv:astro-ph/0201086 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data. Astrophysical Journal. 2004, 602 (1): 66–92. Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. S2CID 16899097. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379 . doi:10.1086/380896.
van den Bosch, R. C. E.; de Zeeuw, P. T. Estimating black hole masses in triaxial galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 401 (3): 1770–1780. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401.1770V. S2CID 119238097. arXiv:0910.0844 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 589 (2): 783–789. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. S2CID 10268471. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060 . doi:10.1086/374738.
Yang, Yang; Li, Zhiyuan; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Gu, Qiusheng; Kraft, Ralph P.; Yuan, Feng. Detection of a Compact Nuclear Radio Source in the Local Group Elliptical Galaxy M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2015, 807 (1): L19. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807L..19Y. S2CID 119292353. arXiv:1502.03231 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L19.

caltech.edu

nedipac.caltech.edu

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 221. [2006-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.

authors.library.caltech.edu

Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32 (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 1992, 104: 552–562 [2020-10-13]. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-22）.

doi.org

Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 583 (2): 712–726. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. S2CID 551714. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129 . doi:10.1086/345430.
Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Hutchmeier, W. K.; Makarov, D. I. A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 2004, 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905 .
Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field. Astrophysics. 2006, 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. S2CID 120973010. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6.
Armando, Gil de Paz; Boissier; Madore; Seibert; Boselli; et al. The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 2007, 173 (2): 185–255. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. S2CID 119085482. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440 . doi:10.1086/516636.
， Kent, S. M. Surface photometry of six local group galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 1987, 94: 306–314. Bibcode:1987AJ.....94..306K. doi:10.1086/114472.
Mateo, M. L. Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1998, 36: 435–506. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..435M. S2CID 119333888. arXiv:astro-ph/9810070 . doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435.
Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32 (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 1992, 104: 552–562 [2020-10-13]. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-22）.
Rudenko, Pavlo; Worthey, Guy; Mateo, Mario. Intermediate age clusters in the field containing M31 and M32 stars. The Astronomical Journal. 2009, 138 (6): 1985–1989. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1985R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1985 .
Faber, S. M. Tidal Origin of Elliptical Galaxies of High Surface Brightness. Astrophysical Journal. 1973, 179: 423–426. Bibcode:1973ApJ...179..423F. doi:10.1086/151881.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy? (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2001, 557 (1): L39. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. S2CID 18707442. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075.
Graham, A. W. Evidence for an Outer Disk in the Prototype Compact Elliptical Galaxy M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2002, 568 (1): L13–L17. Bibcode:2002ApJ...568L..13G. S2CID 14891401. arXiv:astro-ph/0202307 . doi:10.1086/340274.
Dierickx, M.; Blecha, L.; Loeb, A. Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision. Astrophysical Journal. 2014, 788 (2): L38. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788L..38D. S2CID 119111697. arXiv:1405.3990 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L38.
Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations. Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (1): 310–331. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. S2CID 119356072. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . doi:10.1086/341041.
Huxor, A. P.; Phillipps, S.; Price, J. Discovery of an isolated compact elliptical galaxy in the field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013, 430 (3): 1956–1960. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430.1956H. S2CID 119291374. arXiv:1302.6520 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stt014.
D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor. Nature Astronomy. 2018-07-23, 2 (9): 737–743. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119502746. arXiv:1807.08819 . doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x （英语）.
Ford, H. C.; Jacoby, G. H.; Jenner, D. C. Planetary nebulae in local group galaxies. VI - an observational determination that M32 is in front of M31. Astrophysical Journal. 1978, 223: 94–97. Bibcode:1978ApJ...223...94F. doi:10.1086/156239.
van Dokkum, P. G.; Franx, M. Dust in the Cores of Early-Type Galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 1995, 110: 2027. Bibcode:1995AJ....110.2027V. S2CID 118939047. arXiv:astro-ph/9507101 . doi:10.1086/117667.
Paulin-Henriksson, S.; Baillon, P.; Bouquet, A.; Carr, B. J.; Creze, M.; Evans, N. W.; Giraud-Heraud, Y.; Gould, A.; Hewett, P.; Kaplan, J.; Kerins, E.; Lastennet, E.; Le Du, Y.; Melchior, A.-L.; Smartt, S. J.; Valls-Gabaud, D.; Point-Agape Collaboration. A Candidate M31/M32 Intergalactic Microlensing Event. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2002, 576 (2): L121–L124. Bibcode:2002ApJ...576L.121P. S2CID 2554622. arXiv:astro-ph/0206387 . doi:10.1086/343887.
Tonry, J. L. Evidence for a central mass concentration in M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1984, 283: L27. Bibcode:1984ApJ...283L..27T. doi:10.1086/184326.
Bender, R.; Kormendy, J.; Dehnen, W. Improved Evidence for a 3×10⁶ M_⊙ Black Hole in M32: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Spectroscopy with FWHM = 0.47" Resolution. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1996, 464 (2): L123–L126. Bibcode:1996ApJ...464L.123B. doi:10.1086/310098 .
Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics. Astrophysical Journal. 2001, 550 (2): 668–690. Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. S2CID 999283. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530 . doi:10.1086/319781.
Verolme, E. K.; Cappellari, M.; Copin, Y.; van der Marel, R. P.; Bacon, R.; Bureau, M.; Davies, R. L.; Miller, B. M.; de Zeeuw, P. T. A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2002, 335 (3): 517–525. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.335..517V. S2CID 119238097. arXiv:astro-ph/0201086 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data. Astrophysical Journal. 2004, 602 (1): 66–92. Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. S2CID 16899097. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379 . doi:10.1086/380896.
van den Bosch, R. C. E.; de Zeeuw, P. T. Estimating black hole masses in triaxial galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 401 (3): 1770–1780. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401.1770V. S2CID 119238097. arXiv:0910.0844 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 589 (2): 783–789. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. S2CID 10268471. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060 . doi:10.1086/374738.
Yang, Yang; Li, Zhiyuan; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Gu, Qiusheng; Kraft, Ralph P.; Yuan, Feng. Detection of a Compact Nuclear Radio Source in the Local Group Elliptical Galaxy M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2015, 807 (1): L19. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807L..19Y. S2CID 119292353. arXiv:1502.03231 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L19.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 583 (2): 712–726. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. S2CID 551714. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129 . doi:10.1086/345430.
Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Hutchmeier, W. K.; Makarov, D. I. A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 2004, 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905 .
Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field. Astrophysics. 2006, 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. S2CID 120973010. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6.
Armando, Gil de Paz; Boissier; Madore; Seibert; Boselli; et al. The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 2007, 173 (2): 185–255. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. S2CID 119085482. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440 . doi:10.1086/516636.
， Kent, S. M. Surface photometry of six local group galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 1987, 94: 306–314. Bibcode:1987AJ.....94..306K. doi:10.1086/114472.
Mateo, M. L. Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1998, 36: 435–506. Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..435M. S2CID 119333888. arXiv:astro-ph/9810070 . doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435.
Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32 (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 1992, 104: 552–562 [2020-10-13]. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-22）.
Rudenko, Pavlo; Worthey, Guy; Mateo, Mario. Intermediate age clusters in the field containing M31 and M32 stars. The Astronomical Journal. 2009, 138 (6): 1985–1989. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1985R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1985 .
Faber, S. M. Tidal Origin of Elliptical Galaxies of High Surface Brightness. Astrophysical Journal. 1973, 179: 423–426. Bibcode:1973ApJ...179..423F. doi:10.1086/151881.
Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy? (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2001, 557 (1): L39. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. S2CID 18707442. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075.
Graham, A. W. Evidence for an Outer Disk in the Prototype Compact Elliptical Galaxy M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2002, 568 (1): L13–L17. Bibcode:2002ApJ...568L..13G. S2CID 14891401. arXiv:astro-ph/0202307 . doi:10.1086/340274.
Dierickx, M.; Blecha, L.; Loeb, A. Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision. Astrophysical Journal. 2014, 788 (2): L38. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788L..38D. S2CID 119111697. arXiv:1405.3990 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L38.
Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations. Astronomical Journal. 2002, 124 (1): 310–331. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. S2CID 119356072. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . doi:10.1086/341041.
Huxor, A. P.; Phillipps, S.; Price, J. Discovery of an isolated compact elliptical galaxy in the field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013, 430 (3): 1956–1960. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.430.1956H. S2CID 119291374. arXiv:1302.6520 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stt014.
D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor. Nature Astronomy. 2018-07-23, 2 (9): 737–743. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119502746. arXiv:1807.08819 . doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x （英语）.
Ford, H. C.; Jacoby, G. H.; Jenner, D. C. Planetary nebulae in local group galaxies. VI - an observational determination that M32 is in front of M31. Astrophysical Journal. 1978, 223: 94–97. Bibcode:1978ApJ...223...94F. doi:10.1086/156239.
van Dokkum, P. G.; Franx, M. Dust in the Cores of Early-Type Galaxies. Astronomical Journal. 1995, 110: 2027. Bibcode:1995AJ....110.2027V. S2CID 118939047. arXiv:astro-ph/9507101 . doi:10.1086/117667.
Paulin-Henriksson, S.; Baillon, P.; Bouquet, A.; Carr, B. J.; Creze, M.; Evans, N. W.; Giraud-Heraud, Y.; Gould, A.; Hewett, P.; Kaplan, J.; Kerins, E.; Lastennet, E.; Le Du, Y.; Melchior, A.-L.; Smartt, S. J.; Valls-Gabaud, D.; Point-Agape Collaboration. A Candidate M31/M32 Intergalactic Microlensing Event. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2002, 576 (2): L121–L124. Bibcode:2002ApJ...576L.121P. S2CID 2554622. arXiv:astro-ph/0206387 . doi:10.1086/343887.
Tonry, J. L. Evidence for a central mass concentration in M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1984, 283: L27. Bibcode:1984ApJ...283L..27T. doi:10.1086/184326.
Bender, R.; Kormendy, J.; Dehnen, W. Improved Evidence for a 3×10⁶ M_⊙ Black Hole in M32: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Spectroscopy with FWHM = 0.47" Resolution. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1996, 464 (2): L123–L126. Bibcode:1996ApJ...464L.123B. doi:10.1086/310098 .
Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics. Astrophysical Journal. 2001, 550 (2): 668–690. Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. S2CID 999283. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530 . doi:10.1086/319781.
Verolme, E. K.; Cappellari, M.; Copin, Y.; van der Marel, R. P.; Bacon, R.; Bureau, M.; Davies, R. L.; Miller, B. M.; de Zeeuw, P. T. A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2002, 335 (3): 517–525. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.335..517V. S2CID 119238097. arXiv:astro-ph/0201086 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data. Astrophysical Journal. 2004, 602 (1): 66–92. Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. S2CID 16899097. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379 . doi:10.1086/380896.
van den Bosch, R. C. E.; de Zeeuw, P. T. Estimating black hole masses in triaxial galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 401 (3): 1770–1780. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401.1770V. S2CID 119238097. arXiv:0910.0844 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32. Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 589 (2): 783–789. Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. S2CID 10268471. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060 . doi:10.1086/374738.
Yang, Yang; Li, Zhiyuan; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Gu, Qiusheng; Kraft, Ralph P.; Yuan, Feng. Detection of a Compact Nuclear Radio Source in the Local Group Elliptical Galaxy M32. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2015, 807 (1): L19. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807L..19Y. S2CID 119292353. arXiv:1502.03231 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L19.

adsabs.harvard.edu

Graham, A.W. and Spitler, L.R., Quantifying the coexistence of massive black holes and dense nuclear star clusters

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

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technews.tw

本星系群曾經排名第三大的星系，20 億年前遭「老大」星系併吞. 科技新報. [2018-08-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-15）.

u-strasbg.fr

simbad.u-strasbg.fr

M32. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.

umich.edu

news.umich.edu

The Milky Way's long-lost sibling finally found. University of Michigan News. 2018-07-23 [2018-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-15）（美国英语）.

uq.edu.au

espace.library.uq.edu.au

Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy? (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2001, 557 (1): L39. Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. S2CID 18707442. arXiv:astro-ph/0107117 . doi:10.1086/323075.

web.archive.org

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 221. [2006-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.
Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32 (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 1992, 104: 552–562 [2020-10-13]. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-22）.
The Milky Way's long-lost sibling finally found. University of Michigan News. 2018-07-23 [2018-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-15）（美国英语）.
本星系群曾經排名第三大的星系，20 億年前遭「老大」星系併吞. 科技新報. [2018-08-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-15）.

worldcat.org

D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor. Nature Astronomy. 2018-07-23, 2 (9): 737–743. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 119502746. arXiv:1807.08819 . doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x （英语）.