棕矮星 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "棕矮星" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

40web.archive.org

1^st place

27doi.org

2^nd place

23^rd place

26harvard.edu

18^th place

57^th place

21arxiv.org

69^th place

254^th place

7springer.com

274^th place

320^th place

7nasa.gov

75^th place

140^th place

4iop.org

1,725^th place

1,164^th place

3caltech.edu

887^th place

966^th place

3ciw.edu

low place

2universetoday.com

3,691^st place

4,223^rd place

2nature.com

234^th place

227^th place

2space.com

936^th place

1,099^th place

2eso.org

3,034^th place

2,034^th place

1carnegieinstitution.org

low place

1discovery.com

1,299^th place

1,412^th place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

642^nd place

1iac.es

low place

1worldtracker.org

low place

1nmsu.edu

6,873^rd place

low place

1discovermagazine.com

3,042^nd place

3,065^th place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

12^th place

1williams.edu

low place

1hubblesite.org

6,632^nd place

4,295^th place

1technologyreview.com

1,943^rd place

2,036^th place

1nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

1archive.today

14^th place

18^th place

1esa.int

1,482^nd place

1,517^th place

archive.today

David Morrison. Scientists today no longer think an object like Nemesis could exist. NASA Ask An Astrobiologist. August 2, 2011 [2011-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2012年12月13日）.

arxiv.org

Burrows, A.; Hubbard, W.B.; Lunine, J.I.; Liebert, J. The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2001, 73 (3): 719–765. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383 . doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719.
Gibor Basri; Brown. Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?. Ann.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci. 2006-08-20, 34: 193–216. Bibcode:2006AREPS..34..193B. arXiv:astro-ph/0608417 . doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058.
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milson, John A. The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011, 727 (1): 57. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...57S. arXiv:1008.5150 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57.
Delorme, P.; et al. CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4-7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus ?. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2012. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. arXiv:1210.0305 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984.
Luhman, K. L. Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 21 April 2014, 786 (2): L18. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. arXiv:1404.6501 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18.
Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent; Jayawardhana, Ray; Fissel, Laura; Lee, Eve; Lafreniere, David; Tamura, Motohide, Substellar Objects in Nearby Young Clusters (Sonyc): The Bottom of the Initial Mass Function in Ngc 1333, The Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 702: 805, Bibcode:2009ApJ...702..805S, arXiv:0907.2243v1 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/805
Scholz, Aleks; Jayawardhana, Ray, Dusty disks at the bottom of the IMF, The Astrophysical Journal, 2007, 672: L49, Bibcode:2008ApJ...672L..49S, arXiv:0711.2510v1 , doi:10.1086/526340
Burrows et al. The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Reviews of Modern Physics 2001; 73: 719–65 doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719
Luhman, K. L.; Burgasser, A. J.; Bochanski, J. J. DISCOVERY OF A CANDIDATE FOR THE COOLEST KNOWN BROWN DWARF. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 20 March 2011, 730 (1): L9. Bibcode:2011ApJ...730L...9L. arXiv:1102.5411 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L9.
Deacon; Hambly. The possiblity（原文如此） of detection of Ultracool Dwarfs with the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 371 (4): 1722–1730. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.371.1722D. arXiv:astro-ph/0607305 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10795.x.
P. Eisenhart; Griffith, Roger L.; Stern, Daniel; Wright, Edward L.; Ashby, Matthew L. N.; Brodwin, Mark; Brown, Michael J. I.; Bussmann, R. S.; Dey, Arjun; Ghez, A. M.; Glikman, Eilat; Gonzalez, Anthony H.; Davy Kirkpatrick, J.; Konopacky, Quinn; Mainzer, Amy; Vollbach, David; Wright, Shelley A.; et al. Ultracool Field Brown Dwarf Candidates Selected at 4.5 microns. 2010. arXiv:1004.1436  [astro-ph.SR].
Rodriguez, David R.; Zuckerman, B.; Melis, Carl; Song, Inseok. THE ULTRA COOL BROWN DWARF COMPANION OF WD 0806-661B: AGE, MASS, AND FORMATION MECHANISM. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 May 2011, 732 (2): L29 [29 April 2011]. Bibcode:2011ApJ...732L..29R. arXiv:1103.3544 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/732/2/L29. （原始内容存档于2015-09-04）.
Liu, Michael C.; Philippe Delorme, Trent J. Dupuy, Brendan P. Bowler, Loic Albert, Etienne Artigau, Celine Reyle, Thierry Forveille, Xavier Delfosse. CFBDSIR J1458+1013B: A Very Cold（>T10）Brown Dwarf in a Binary System. 28 Feb 2011. arXiv:1103.0014  [astro-ph.SR].
The onset of planet formation in brown dwarf disks, Dániel Apai, Ilaria Pascucci, Jeroen Bouwman, Antonella Natta, Thomas Henning, Cornelis P. Dullemond
Tidal evolution of planets around brown dwarfs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, E. Bolmont, S. N. Raymond, and J. Leconte, 2011
The Atomic and Molecular Content of Disks Around Very Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ilaria Pascucci (LPL), Greg Herczeg (Kavli Institute), John Carr (NRL), Simon Bruderer (MPE),（Submitted on 5 Nov 2013）
Maxted P. F. L.; et al. Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star. Nature. 2006, 442 (7102): 543. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. PMID 16885979. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054 . doi:10.1038/nature04987.
Basri, Gibor; Martin, Eduardo. [astro-ph/9908015] PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary. The Astronomical Journal (Arxiv.org). 1999-08-02, 118 (5): 2460–2465. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2460B. arXiv:astro-ph/9908015 . doi:10.1086/301079.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. [astro-ph/0704.3106] A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085. The Astrophysical Journal (Arxiv.org). 2007-04-24, 664 (2): 1154–1166. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1154S. arXiv:0704.3106 . doi:10.1086/519231.
Ben Burningham; Pinfield; Leggett; Tamura; Lucas; Homeier; Day-Jones; Jones; Clarke; Ishii, M.; Kuzuhara, M.; Lodieu, N.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Venemans, B. P.; Mortlock, D. J.; Barrado y Navascués, D.; Martin, E. L.; Magazzù, A. Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 391: 320–333. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..320B. arXiv:0806.0067 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x.
Discovery of Three Distant, Cold Brown Dwarfs in the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels Survey. arxiv.org. 2012-04-27 [2012-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-04）.

berkeley.edu

astro.berkeley.edu

Burgasser, A. J. Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters (PDF). Physics Today. June 2008, 61 (6): 70–71 [11 January 2016]. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-08）.

caltech.edu

spider.ipac.caltech.edu

Davy Kirkpatrick; Adam Burgasser. DwarfArchives.org: Photometry, spectroscopy, and astrometry of M, L, and T dwarfs. caltech.edu. 6 November 2012 [2012-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-11）. （M=536, L=918, T=355, Y=14）
"An Artist's View of Brown Dwarf Types" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Dr. Robert Hurt of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center

exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu

Staff. HR 2562 b. Caltech. [16 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-04）.

carnegieinstitution.org

Boss, Alan. Are They Planets or What?. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 2001-04-03 [2006-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-28）.

ciw.edu

dtm.ciw.edu

Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-09-16. POSITION STATEMENT ON THE DEFINITION OF A "PLANET"（IAU）
IAU WGESP, 'Position Statement on the Definition of "Planet"' 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-09-16., 28 February 2003

home.dtm.ciw.edu

Working Group on Extrasolar Planets: Definition of a "Planet". IAU position statement. 2003-02-28 [2014-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-16）.

discovermagazine.com

blogs.discovermagazine.com

Plait, Phil. WISE finds coolest brown dwarfs ever seen!. Discovery Magazine. 24 August 2011 [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-26）.

discovery.com

news.discovery.com

Ian O'Neill. Violent Storms Rage on Nearby Brown Dwarf. Discovery.com. 13 September 2011 [January 30, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-05）.

doi.org

Burgasser, A. J. Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters (PDF). Physics Today. June 2008, 61 (6): 70–71 [11 January 2016]. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-08）.
Cushing, Michael C., Ultracool Objects: L, T, and Y Dwarfs, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 113–140, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_7, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Burrows, A.; Hubbard, W.B.; Lunine, J.I.; Liebert, J. The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2001, 73 (3): 719–765. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383 . doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719.
Kumar, Shiv S. Study of Degeneracy in Very Light Stars. Astronomical Journal. 1962, 67: 579. Bibcode:1962AJ.....67S.579K. doi:10.1086/108658.
Tarter, Jill, Brown is Not a Color: Introduction of the Term 'Brown Dwarf', Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 19–24, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_3, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Kumar, S. The Structure of Stars of Very Low Mass. Astrophysical Journal. 1963, 137: 1121. Bibcode:1963ApJ...137.1121K. doi:10.1086/147589.
Hayashi, C.; Nakano, T. Evolution of Stars of Small Masses in the Pre-Main-Sequence Stages. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1963, 30 (4): 460–474. Bibcode:1963PThPh..30..460H. doi:10.1143/PTP.30.460.
Nakano, Takenori, Pre-main Sequence Evolution and the Hydrogen-Burning Minimum Mass, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 5–17, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_2, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Reid, I. N.; Liebert, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Nelson, B.; Beichmann, C. A.; Dahn, C. C.; Monet, D. G.; Gizis, J. E.; Skrutskie, M. F. Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 1999, 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. ^{[永久失效連結]}
Gibor Basri; Brown. Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?. Ann.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci. 2006-08-20, 34: 193–216. Bibcode:2006AREPS..34..193B. arXiv:astro-ph/0608417 . doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058.
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milson, John A. The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011, 727 (1): 57. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...57S. arXiv:1008.5150 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57.
Delorme, P.; et al. CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4-7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus ?. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2012. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. arXiv:1210.0305 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984.
Luhman, K. L. Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 21 April 2014, 786 (2): L18. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. arXiv:1404.6501 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18.
Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent; Jayawardhana, Ray; Fissel, Laura; Lee, Eve; Lafreniere, David; Tamura, Motohide, Substellar Objects in Nearby Young Clusters (Sonyc): The Bottom of the Initial Mass Function in Ngc 1333, The Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 702: 805, Bibcode:2009ApJ...702..805S, arXiv:0907.2243v1 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/805
Scholz, Aleks; Jayawardhana, Ray, Dusty disks at the bottom of the IMF, The Astrophysical Journal, 2007, 672: L49, Bibcode:2008ApJ...672L..49S, arXiv:0711.2510v1 , doi:10.1086/526340
Burrows et al. The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Reviews of Modern Physics 2001; 73: 719–65 doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719
Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K, Ben Burningham et al., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 391, #1 (November 2008), pp. 320–333, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x, Bibcode：2008MNRAS.391..320B; see the abstract.
Luhman, K. L.; Burgasser, A. J.; Bochanski, J. J. DISCOVERY OF A CANDIDATE FOR THE COOLEST KNOWN BROWN DWARF. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 20 March 2011, 730 (1): L9. Bibcode:2011ApJ...730L...9L. arXiv:1102.5411 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L9.
Deacon; Hambly. The possiblity（原文如此） of detection of Ultracool Dwarfs with the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 371 (4): 1722–1730. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.371.1722D. arXiv:astro-ph/0607305 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10795.x.
The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs, S. K. Leggett et al., The Astrophysical Journal 695, #2 (April 2009), pp. 1517–1526, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517, Bibcode：2009ApJ...695.1517L.
CFBDS J005910.90-011401.3: reaching the T–Y brown dwarf transition?, P. Delorme et al., Astronomy and Astrophysics 482, #3 (May 2008), pp. 961–971, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079317, Bibcode：2008A&A...482..961D.
Rodriguez, David R.; Zuckerman, B.; Melis, Carl; Song, Inseok. THE ULTRA COOL BROWN DWARF COMPANION OF WD 0806-661B: AGE, MASS, AND FORMATION MECHANISM. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 May 2011, 732 (2): L29 [29 April 2011]. Bibcode:2011ApJ...732L..29R. arXiv:1103.3544 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/732/2/L29. （原始内容存档于2015-09-04）.
C. Beichman, Christopher R. Gelino, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Travis S. Barman, Kenneth A. Marsh, Michael C. Cushing, E. L. Wright. The Coldest Brown Dwarf (or Free-floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013, 764 (1): 101 [2018-04-03]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/764/1/101 （英语）.
Maxted P. F. L.; et al. Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star. Nature. 2006, 442 (7102): 543. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. PMID 16885979. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054 . doi:10.1038/nature04987.
Basri, Gibor; Martin, Eduardo. [astro-ph/9908015] PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary. The Astronomical Journal (Arxiv.org). 1999-08-02, 118 (5): 2460–2465. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2460B. arXiv:astro-ph/9908015 . doi:10.1086/301079.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. [astro-ph/0704.3106] A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085. The Astrophysical Journal (Arxiv.org). 2007-04-24, 664 (2): 1154–1166. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1154S. arXiv:0704.3106 . doi:10.1086/519231.
Ben Burningham; Pinfield; Leggett; Tamura; Lucas; Homeier; Day-Jones; Jones; Clarke; Ishii, M.; Kuzuhara, M.; Lodieu, N.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Venemans, B. P.; Mortlock, D. J.; Barrado y Navascués, D.; Martin, E. L.; Magazzù, A. Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 391: 320–333. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..320B. arXiv:0806.0067 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x.

esa.int

ESA Portal – Exoplanet hunt update. Esa.int. [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-18）.

eso.org

Even Brown Dwarfs May Grow Rocky Planets. ESO Press Release. [3 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-03）.
eso0303 - Discovery of Nearest Known Brown Dwarf. ESO. 2003-01-13 [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-13）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Burgasser, A. J. Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters (PDF). Physics Today. June 2008, 61 (6): 70–71 [11 January 2016]. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-08）.
Burrows, A.; Hubbard, W.B.; Lunine, J.I.; Liebert, J. The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2001, 73 (3): 719–765. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383 . doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719.
Kumar, Shiv S. Study of Degeneracy in Very Light Stars. Astronomical Journal. 1962, 67: 579. Bibcode:1962AJ.....67S.579K. doi:10.1086/108658.
Kumar, S. The Structure of Stars of Very Low Mass. Astrophysical Journal. 1963, 137: 1121. Bibcode:1963ApJ...137.1121K. doi:10.1086/147589.
Hayashi, C.; Nakano, T. Evolution of Stars of Small Masses in the Pre-Main-Sequence Stages. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1963, 30 (4): 460–474. Bibcode:1963PThPh..30..460H. doi:10.1143/PTP.30.460.
Martin, E. L.; Basri, G.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T. Keck HIRES spectra of the brown dwarf DENIS-P J1228.2-1547. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1997, 327: L29–L32. Bibcode:1997A&A...327L..29M.
Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Reid, I. N.; Liebert, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Nelson, B.; Beichmann, C. A.; Dahn, C. C.; Monet, D. G.; Gizis, J. E.; Skrutskie, M. F. Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 1999, 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. ^{[永久失效連結]}
Gibor Basri; Brown. Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?. Ann.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci. 2006-08-20, 34: 193–216. Bibcode:2006AREPS..34..193B. arXiv:astro-ph/0608417 . doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058.
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milson, John A. The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011, 727 (1): 57. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...57S. arXiv:1008.5150 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57.
Delorme, P.; et al. CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4-7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus ?. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2012. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. arXiv:1210.0305 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984.
Luhman, K. L. Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 21 April 2014, 786 (2): L18. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. arXiv:1404.6501 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18.
Boss, Alan P.; Basri, Gibor; Kumar, Shiv S.; Liebert, James; Martín, Eduardo L.; Reipurth, Bo; Zinnecker, Hans, Nomenclature: Brown Dwarfs, Gas Giant Planets, and ?, Brown Dwarfs, 2003, 211: 529, Bibcode:2003IAUS..211..529B
Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent; Jayawardhana, Ray; Fissel, Laura; Lee, Eve; Lafreniere, David; Tamura, Motohide, Substellar Objects in Nearby Young Clusters (Sonyc): The Bottom of the Initial Mass Function in Ngc 1333, The Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 702: 805, Bibcode:2009ApJ...702..805S, arXiv:0907.2243v1 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/805
Scholz, Aleks; Jayawardhana, Ray, Dusty disks at the bottom of the IMF, The Astrophysical Journal, 2007, 672: L49, Bibcode:2008ApJ...672L..49S, arXiv:0711.2510v1 , doi:10.1086/526340
Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K, Ben Burningham et al., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 391, #1 (November 2008), pp. 320–333, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x, Bibcode：2008MNRAS.391..320B; see the abstract.
Luhman, K. L.; Burgasser, A. J.; Bochanski, J. J. DISCOVERY OF A CANDIDATE FOR THE COOLEST KNOWN BROWN DWARF. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 20 March 2011, 730 (1): L9. Bibcode:2011ApJ...730L...9L. arXiv:1102.5411 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L9.
Deacon; Hambly. The possiblity（原文如此） of detection of Ultracool Dwarfs with the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 371 (4): 1722–1730. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.371.1722D. arXiv:astro-ph/0607305 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10795.x.
The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs, S. K. Leggett et al., The Astrophysical Journal 695, #2 (April 2009), pp. 1517–1526, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517, Bibcode：2009ApJ...695.1517L.
CFBDS J005910.90-011401.3: reaching the T–Y brown dwarf transition?, P. Delorme et al., Astronomy and Astrophysics 482, #3 (May 2008), pp. 961–971, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079317, Bibcode：2008A&A...482..961D.
Rodriguez, David R.; Zuckerman, B.; Melis, Carl; Song, Inseok. THE ULTRA COOL BROWN DWARF COMPANION OF WD 0806-661B: AGE, MASS, AND FORMATION MECHANISM. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 May 2011, 732 (2): L29 [29 April 2011]. Bibcode:2011ApJ...732L..29R. arXiv:1103.3544 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/732/2/L29. （原始内容存档于2015-09-04）.
Maxted P. F. L.; et al. Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star. Nature. 2006, 442 (7102): 543. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. PMID 16885979. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054 . doi:10.1038/nature04987.
Basri, Gibor; Martin, Eduardo. [astro-ph/9908015] PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary. The Astronomical Journal (Arxiv.org). 1999-08-02, 118 (5): 2460–2465. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2460B. arXiv:astro-ph/9908015 . doi:10.1086/301079.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. [astro-ph/0704.3106] A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085. The Astrophysical Journal (Arxiv.org). 2007-04-24, 664 (2): 1154–1166. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1154S. arXiv:0704.3106 . doi:10.1086/519231.
Ben Burningham; Pinfield; Leggett; Tamura; Lucas; Homeier; Day-Jones; Jones; Clarke; Ishii, M.; Kuzuhara, M.; Lodieu, N.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Venemans, B. P.; Mortlock, D. J.; Barrado y Navascués, D.; Martin, E. L.; Magazzù, A. Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 391: 320–333. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..320B. arXiv:0806.0067 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x.

adsabs.harvard.edu

Rodriguez, David R.; Zuckerman, B.; Melis, Carl; Song, Inseok. THE ULTRA COOL BROWN DWARF COMPANION OF WD 0806-661B: AGE, MASS, AND FORMATION MECHANISM. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 May 2011, 732 (2): L29 [29 April 2011]. Bibcode:2011ApJ...732L..29R. arXiv:1103.3544 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/732/2/L29. （原始内容存档于2015-09-04）.

isites.harvard.edu

Pan-STARRS SCIENCE OVERVIEW （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, David C. Jewitt

hubblesite.org

NASA Space Telescopes See Weather Patterns in Brown Dwarf. Hubblesite. NASA. [8 January 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-02）.

iac.es

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, IAC. Iac.es. [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-13）.

iop.org

iopscience.iop.org

[1]
Scholz, Aleks; Jayawardhana, Ray, Dusty disks at the bottom of the IMF, The Astrophysical Journal, 2007, 672: L49, Bibcode:2008ApJ...672L..49S, arXiv:0711.2510v1 , doi:10.1086/526340
Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk, Luhman, et al., 2005. Iopscience.iop.org. [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-07）.

stacks.iop.org

C. Beichman, Christopher R. Gelino, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Travis S. Barman, Kenneth A. Marsh, Michael C. Cushing, E. L. Wright. The Coldest Brown Dwarf (or Free-floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013, 764 (1): 101 [2018-04-03]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/764/1/101 （英语）.

nasa.gov

WISE Finds Few Brown Dwarfs Close To Home. 8 June 2012 [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-15）.
Clavin, Whitney; Harrington, J. D. NASA's Spitzer and WISE Telescopes Find Close, Cold Neighbor of Sun. NASA.gov. 25 April 2014. （原始内容存档于2014年4月26日）.
存档副本. [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-26）.
存档副本. [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-26）.

trs.jpl.nasa.gov

Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Reid, I. N.; Liebert, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Nelson, B.; Beichmann, C. A.; Dahn, C. C.; Monet, D. G.; Gizis, J. E.; Skrutskie, M. F. Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 1999, 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. ^{[永久失效連結]}

science.nasa.gov

Morse, Jon. Discovered: Stars as Cool as the Human Body. [24 August 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-31）.

astrobiology2.arc.nasa.gov

David Morrison. Scientists today no longer think an object like Nemesis could exist. NASA Ask An Astrobiologist. August 2, 2011 [2011-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2012年12月13日）.

nature.com

Discovery of a brown dwarf in the Pleiades star cluster. Nature.com. 1995-09-14 [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-29）.
[Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system. Nature. 2006-03-16 [2013-07-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-05）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Maxted P. F. L.; et al. Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star. Nature. 2006, 442 (7102): 543. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. PMID 16885979. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054 . doi:10.1038/nature04987.

nmsu.edu

astronomy.nmsu.edu

The Jovian Planets: Uranus, and Neptune. [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-18）.

space.com

What is a Planet? Debate Forces New Definition （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Robert Roy Britt, 02 November 2000
Ian O'Neill (Discovery News). Brown Dwarfs, Runts of Stellar Litter, Rarer than Thought. Space.com. 12 June 2012 [2012-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-13）.

springer.com

Cushing, Michael C., Ultracool Objects: L, T, and Y Dwarfs, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 113–140, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_7, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs - From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer, 2014 [2014-08-07], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Tarter, Jill, Brown is Not a Color: Introduction of the Term 'Brown Dwarf', Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 19–24, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_3, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Nakano, Takenori, Pre-main Sequence Evolution and the Hydrogen-Burning Minimum Mass, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 5–17, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_2, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）

rd.springer.com

Cushing, Michael C., Ultracool Objects: L, T, and Y Dwarfs, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 113–140, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_7, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Nakano, Takenori, Pre-main Sequence Evolution and the Hydrogen-Burning Minimum Mass, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 5–17, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_2, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）

link.springer.com

Tarter, Jill, Brown is Not a Color: Introduction of the Term 'Brown Dwarf', Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 19–24, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_3, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）

technologyreview.com

First Planet Discovered Orbiting a Brown Dwarf. MIT Technology Review. 29 July 2013 [29 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.

universetoday.com

Nicholos Wethington. Dense Exoplanet Creates Classification Calamity. Universetoday.com. October 6, 2008 [January 30, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-02）.
Cain, Fraser. If Brown Isn't a Color, What Color are Brown Dwarfs?. January 6, 2009 [24 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-31）.

web.archive.org

Boss, Alan. Are They Planets or What?. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 2001-04-03 [2006-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-28）.
Nicholos Wethington. Dense Exoplanet Creates Classification Calamity. Universetoday.com. October 6, 2008 [January 30, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-02）.
Ian O'Neill. Violent Storms Rage on Nearby Brown Dwarf. Discovery.com. 13 September 2011 [January 30, 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-05）.
Burgasser, A. J. Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters (PDF). Physics Today. June 2008, 61 (6): 70–71 [11 January 2016]. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-08）.
Cushing, Michael C., Ultracool Objects: L, T, and Y Dwarfs, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 113–140, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_7, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Cain, Fraser. If Brown Isn't a Color, What Color are Brown Dwarfs?. January 6, 2009 [24 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-31）.
Staff. HR 2562 b. Caltech. [16 February 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-04）.
Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs - From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer, 2014 [2014-08-07], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Tarter, Jill, Brown is Not a Color: Introduction of the Term 'Brown Dwarf', Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 19–24, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_3, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Nakano, Takenori, Pre-main Sequence Evolution and the Hydrogen-Burning Minimum Mass, Joergens, Viki (编), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library 401, Springer: 5–17, 20142014 [2019-05-21], ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_2, （原始内容存档于2015-02-19）
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, IAC. Iac.es. [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-13）.
Discovery of a brown dwarf in the Pleiades star cluster. Nature.com. 1995-09-14 [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-29）.
Davy Kirkpatrick; Adam Burgasser. DwarfArchives.org: Photometry, spectroscopy, and astrometry of M, L, and T dwarfs. caltech.edu. 6 November 2012 [2012-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-11）. （M=536, L=918, T=355, Y=14）
The Jovian Planets: Uranus, and Neptune. [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-18）.
Working Group on Extrasolar Planets: Definition of a "Planet". IAU position statement. 2003-02-28 [2014-04-28]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-16）.
Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-09-16. POSITION STATEMENT ON THE DEFINITION OF A "PLANET"（IAU）
What is a Planet? Debate Forces New Definition （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Robert Roy Britt, 02 November 2000
IAU WGESP, 'Position Statement on the Definition of "Planet"' 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-09-16., 28 February 2003
Burrows et al. The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Reviews of Modern Physics 2001; 73: 719–65 doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719
"An Artist's View of Brown Dwarf Types" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Dr. Robert Hurt of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Rodriguez, David R.; Zuckerman, B.; Melis, Carl; Song, Inseok. THE ULTRA COOL BROWN DWARF COMPANION OF WD 0806-661B: AGE, MASS, AND FORMATION MECHANISM. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 May 2011, 732 (2): L29 [29 April 2011]. Bibcode:2011ApJ...732L..29R. arXiv:1103.3544 . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/732/2/L29. （原始内容存档于2015-09-04）.
Plait, Phil. WISE finds coolest brown dwarfs ever seen!. Discovery Magazine. 24 August 2011 [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-26）.
WISE Finds Few Brown Dwarfs Close To Home. 8 June 2012 [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-15）.
Morse, Jon. Discovered: Stars as Cool as the Human Body. [24 August 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-31）.
Clavin, Whitney; Harrington, J. D. NASA's Spitzer and WISE Telescopes Find Close, Cold Neighbor of Sun. NASA.gov. 25 April 2014. （原始内容存档于2014年4月26日）.
存档副本. [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-26）.
X-rays from a Brown Dwarf's Corona. April 14, 2003 [2014-08-22]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-30）.
Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk, Luhman, et al., 2005. Iopscience.iop.org. [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-07）.
NASA Space Telescopes See Weather Patterns in Brown Dwarf. Hubblesite. NASA. [8 January 2013]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-02）.
Ian O'Neill (Discovery News). Brown Dwarfs, Runts of Stellar Litter, Rarer than Thought. Space.com. 12 June 2012 [2012-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-13）.
Even Brown Dwarfs May Grow Rocky Planets. ESO Press Release. [3 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-03）.
First Planet Discovered Orbiting a Brown Dwarf. MIT Technology Review. 29 July 2013 [29 July 2013]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-16）.
Tidal evolution of planets around brown dwarfs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, E. Bolmont, S. N. Raymond, and J. Leconte, 2011
Pan-STARRS SCIENCE OVERVIEW （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, David C. Jewitt
The Atomic and Molecular Content of Disks Around Very Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ilaria Pascucci (LPL), Greg Herczeg (Kavli Institute), John Carr (NRL), Simon Bruderer (MPE),（Submitted on 5 Nov 2013）
[Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system. Nature. 2006-03-16 [2013-07-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-05）.
eso0303 - Discovery of Nearest Known Brown Dwarf. ESO. 2003-01-13 [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-13）.
Discovery of Three Distant, Cold Brown Dwarfs in the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels Survey. arxiv.org. 2012-04-27 [2012-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-04）.
存档副本. [2014-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-26）.
ESA Portal – Exoplanet hunt update. Esa.int. [2013-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-18）.

williams.edu

X-rays from a Brown Dwarf's Corona. April 14, 2003 [2014-08-22]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-30）.

worldcat.org

C. Beichman, Christopher R. Gelino, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Travis S. Barman, Kenneth A. Marsh, Michael C. Cushing, E. L. Wright. The Coldest Brown Dwarf (or Free-floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013, 764 (1): 101 [2018-04-03]. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/764/1/101 （英语）.

worldtracker.org

library.worldtracker.org

Kulkarni, S. R. Brown Dwarfs: A Possible Missing Link Between Stars and Planets (PDF). Vol. 276. Science Magazine. 30 May 1997 [25 April 2013].